The document provides information about the musical characteristics of four regions in the Philippines - Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and Visayas - and how their music relates to the local geography and culture. It describes the types of vocal music found in each region, including genres like badiw, ambahan, and lantege. The document also notes that Cordillera music has melismatic and free meter styles while Visayan music was influenced by Spanish colonial tradition and shows rich diversity across its islands.

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TXTBK/SLMs + QALAS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 1
in MAPEH 7
(Music)
Quarter: 2 Week: 1
Textbook/Supplementary
Materials paired with MELC-
Based Quality Assured
Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS)
Name: _____________________________Grade and Section: ________________________
Teacher :___________________________Date Submitted: ___________________________
MELC:
The learner:
MELC 1: describes the musical characteristics of representative selections of Cordillera, Mindoro,
Palawan and of the Visayas MU7LV-Ila-f-1
Lesson/Topic:
1. Musical Characteristics of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and Visayas in Relation to its
Geography and Culture
Reference/Source: Music and Arts 7 Learner’s Material, Page No. 58-86,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRu0F_LGP9I, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdCqJ9qCiU,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_INh21NMpU, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2uTNhHpS3g,
www.mangyan.org,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQWbxIdMry0,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADODgK8VixE,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6PVPSecsek&feature=related,
https://music.upd.edu.ph/news_rondallaHAWAI.html, designcognito.blogspot.com/,
Objective:
1. Describe the musical characteristics of representative selections of Cordillera, Mindoro,
Palawan and of the Visayas MU7LV-Ila-f-1
Activity: 1 Readings on Vocal and Instrumental Music of the Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and the
Visayas Day:1
Activity 2: Musical characteristics of Visayas: Listening Activity Day:2
Key Concepts:
1. MUSIC OF CORDILLERA
MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORDILLERA IN RELATION TO ITS GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE
As a recently-defined administrative region, the Cordillera is composed of the six provinces of
Apayao, Kalinga, Abra, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and Benguet, plus the chartered city of Baguio.

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Musical Characteristics:
1. Music is very much part of life and living.
2. Have a rich variety of songs and music performed on instruments.
3. Often performed in groups, all members of the community are welcome and encouraged to join
the singing, dancing, and playing of instruments.
4. Songs are usually in unison.
5. Music and other components of their culture are transferred from generation to generation through
oral tradition.
Suggested link:
a. “Hudhud ni Aliguyon”
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRu0F_LGP9I
In the highlands of Luzon, music is related to different occasions such as life cycle events, occupational
activities, and various rituals. Musical performances may be witnessed during planting and harvest times,
peace pacts, courtship, marriage, and death rites.
Vocal Music in Cordillera
Vocal Music Genre Descriptions
1. Ibaloi Badiw Poetic Verses
 Considered to be the
signature form for
specific cultures in
Cordillera is the Ibaloi
badiw, which means
“people who live in
houses”.
2. Owiwi (Kalinga) Children’s song
 Lullaby of Kalinga that
relate a child’s life
3. Dagdagay (Kalinga) Children’s song
 Song of Kalinga that
foretells the baby’s
future.
4. Oppia (Kalinga) Children’s song  Sung while cradling
5. Langan bata-bata
(Tausog)
Children’s song  Infancy-related song
6. Bua (Subanen) Children’s song  Infancy-related song
7. Kawayanna (Kalinga) Children’s song  Infancy-related song
8. Hudhud (Ifugao) Chanted Epic Poetry
Chanted epic poetry which is
recited and chanted only
during four occasions:
 The harvesting of rice
 Bone-washing (bogwa)
rituals
 Funeral wakes
 Wedding
Themes are about
celebrations of the Ifugao
heroes, heroines, wealth, and
culture.

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Characteristics of Vocal Music:
1. Melismatic - vocal passage with one syllable
- sung against several note passages
Suggested link:
 The Cordillera Fusion Collective-“Echoes”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdCqJ9qCiU
2. Free Meter - musical meter without time signature
Suggested link:
 Ifugao student perform the Hudhud
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_INh21NMpU
2. MUSIC OF MINDORO
MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINDORO IN RELATION TO
ITS GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE
It is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located off the coast of Luzon and northeast
of Palawan.The ethnic groups of the island, from north to south, are: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan,
Tawbuid (called Batangan by lowlanders on the west of the island), Buhid, and Hanunoo. An additional
group on the south coast is labelled Ratagnon.
Mangyan is the collective name for eight indigenous groups living in Mindoro; each with its own
name, language and set of custom.
Musical Characteristics:
1. Music is part of their ordinary and festive occasions.
2. Music used for communication with spirits in rituals and worships, weddings, works, courtship,
festive occasions and lullabies.
Suggested link:
a. “Ambahan”
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2uTNhHpS3g
Similar to Cordillera Music, the music of Mindoro is used for communication with the spirits in rituals and
worships, weddings, works, courtships, festive occasions, and lullabies.
Vocal Music in Mindoro
Vocal Music Genre Descriptions
1. Marayaw Spirit Song
Use to communicate with spirits in rituals
for healing the sick and protecting the
community.
2. Pamuybuyen Legend Song
Song about legends, which means the
“fear of water”
3. Ambahan
Chanted Poem
Song
Composed of a seven-syllable line
ending in rhymes.

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Image from: www.mangyan.org
Example of Ambahan Style.
Hanunuo-Mangyan English Filipino
Even with disharmony
and a quarrel now and then.
No reason to separate.
Try to understand it first!
Kahit may kaguluhan
May tampuha't alitan
Di dapat talikuran
Unawain mo naman!
3. MUSIC OF PALAWAN
MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PALAWAN IN RELATION TO
ITS GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE
The islands of Palawan stretch between Mindoro in the northeast and Borneo in the southwest.
They are located between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea.
Palawan is an amazing place because of the diversity of the culture there. More than 75 distinct
cultural groups live in the area. Several indigenous ethnoinguistic groups are the Kagayanen,
Tagbanwa, Palawano, and Taaw’t Bato. Most of these cultures are of Asian origin, but there are also
African and Spanish cultures in the area.
In addition to the number of people living in modern Palawan, there is also a highly interesting
tribal culture living in the mountains of the area. This is the Batac tribal culture, an African-origin culture
which is rapidly becoming extinct.
Musical Characteristics:
1. Sounds of nature are important to the people of Palawan. These include the sound of insects,
chirping of birds and sound of the wind and rain.
2. Makes use of different musical forms like repetition and syncopation (off beat)
Suggested link:
a. “Lantege”
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQWbxIdMry0
Palawan music is characterized by imitation of sounds from nature and the environment. It is also
highly influenced by the native language of the province.
Music is usually performed by gong ensembles. Music has an important role in life of the
community because it is performed in rituals such as the tambilaw and the tinapay.

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Vocal Music in Palawan
Vocal Music Genre Descriptions
1. Kulial Lyrical Poem A lyrical poem expressing love.
2. Tultul Chanted Song
A chanted vocal music about epic
heroes and usually chanted at
night, ending at daybreak.
3. Lantege Love Song
Love song of Tagbanuas and
People of Palawan.
The natives of Palawan have different kinds of vocal forms.
4. MUSIC OF VISAYAS
MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VISAYAS IN RELATION TO
ITS GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE
Visayan Islands is also called Visayas or Bisayas island group. The Visayan group consists of
seven large and 700 smaller islands clustered around the Visayan, Samar, and Camotes seas. The
seven main islands are Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Masbate, Negros, Panay, and Samar.
These islands and their smaller neighbours make up the central group of the Philippine
archipelago. They are the largest ethnic groups in the geographical division of the country. Some of their
ethnic groups are Sugbuanon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Waray, Bol-anon and so on.
Musical Characteristics:
1. Music is generally perceived as rich in Spanish colonial music tradition influence.
2. The instrumental music shows the rich diversity of the musical culture of the Visayan region.
3. The different collections, with their respective sounds, display the enthusiastic musical
involvement of the loving expressive Visayans.
4. It is where they express their emotions, sentiments, way of life and interactions with their
environment and other people.
Suggested link:
a. “Rosas Pandan”
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6PVPSecsek&feature=related
b. “Si Pelimon”
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADODgK8VixE
The Visayan music is highly-influenced by Spanish culture. They colonized the Philippines long time ago.
Spanish musicians introduced new styles of music which has Western culture and traditions.
A. Vocal Music
The vocal music of the Visayans has different functions in their lives. The songs include children’s
songs, lullabies, ballad, working songs, and serenade.
Balitaw, a musical style of the Visayan, is a song-and-dance debate between a man and woman.
The theme of the musical style is about love and marriage and is usually performed by good singers as
well as dancers and actors.

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The following are the examples of vocal forms in Visayas:
Vocal Music Type of Song Descriptions
1. Matud Nila Love song It expresses love against all odds.
2. Rosas Pandan Courting song A song of joy and love, it tells about a
pretty mountain maid who loves to
dance the balitaw.
3. Condansoy Drinking song
A name of a boy who is being asked to
drink Laloy’s tuba, a coconut wine.
4. Ilo Nga Bata Children’s song It is about a child whose parents are
dead or have abondoned their child
permanently in this world.
5. Dadansoy
(Ilonggo)
Farewell song
This song is about the singer leaving
her man whose name is Dandansoy in
order to go back to her hometown.
6. Ili-ili Tulog Anay
(Ilonggo)
Lullaby It is a folk song which is sung to put a
baby to sleep.
7. Ako Kini Si Anggi Work song A work song that tells about a woman
who works very hard as a dressmaker.
8. Si Pelimon Work song
Folk song that tells of a fisherman
whose only catch is a single
mudskipper. He then sells the fish,
earning just enough to buy coconut
wine.
Activity 2: Listening Activity
Directions:
1. Listen to the song “Si Pelimon”. (Ask a copy of music from the teacher).
 Suggested Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADODgK8VixE
2. Identify the characteristics of the song according to its musical elements by putting a check mark
(√) on the column that corresponds to your answer.

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“Si Pelimon” Visayan work song
Melody Tempo Meter
Just
the
Right
Pitch
Low
High
Slow
Moderate
Fast
Free
Meter
Duple
Triple
The learner:
MELC 2: explains the distinguishing characteristics of representative music from Cordillera,
Mindoro, Palawan and the Visayas in relation to its culture and geography MU7LV-Ilb-f-3
Objective/s: Explain the distinguishing characteristics of representative music from Cordillera,
Mindoro, Palawan and the Visayas in relation to its culture and geography
MU7LV-Ilb-f-3
Topic: Musical Characteristics of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and Visayas in Relation to its
Geography and Culture
Activity No.: 3 Vocal Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas: Supply Me! Day: 3
Activity 3: Vocal Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas: Supply Me!
Instructions: Listen to the sample music listed below. Supply the important information in the table.
VOCAL
MUSIC
PLACE
OF ORIGIN
CULTURAL
BACKGROUND
MUSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Hudhud
2. Lantege
3. Ambahan
4. Calbayog

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MELC 3: identify the musical instruments and other sound sources from Cordillera, Mindoro,
Palawan, and of the Visayas MU7LV-Iia-f-2
Objective:
Identify the musical instruments and other sound sources from Cordillera, Mindoro,
Palawan, and of the Visayas MU7LV-Iia-f-2
Topic: Musical Instruments of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas
Activity No. 4 Title:Instrumental Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas
Day: 4
Key Concepts:
The musical instruments of Cordillera, Mindoro, and Palawan are closely linked with nature. They
are highly influenced by the native language of the province. Music reflects not only the enthusiastic
musical involvement of the people but also their feelings, beliefs, way of life, and interactions with their
environment and to other people.
Musical Instruments
The function of instrumental music of the several ethno-linguistic groups of people in Cordillera,
Mindoro, and Palawan is similar to their vocal music. Instruments are played during their ceremonies,
rituals, festivals, courtship, as well as in their daily life activities.
Table 1: Selected Musical Instruments
Name of the
Musical
Instrument
Instrument Description
Cordillera Musical Instruments
1. Gangsa
It is a flat gong that is
played in an ensemble
of two or more gongs of
varying sizes. It is
played either by striking
with the palm while
rested on the lap or
beaten with wooden
mallet while held on the
left hand.
2. Bungkaka
or Bilbil
It is played by striking
against the palm of one
hand.
3. Tongali
It s a nose flute played
with the extreme forward
edge of the right or left
nostril.

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4. Tongatong
These are bamboo
tubes played by
stomping each against
the ground.
5. Ulibaw
It is a mouth-resonated
bamboo instrument
played with a flexible
tongue fixed on end to a
surrounding frame.
6. Patteteg
These are made of
bamboos of different
sizes for varied timbre.
They are split in halves.
Each produces sound by
striking a wooden stick
while the instrument is
rested on the lap.
Mindoro Musical Instruments
1. Kudyapi
It is a lute with a long
neck, and two strings that
run from the neck to the
base of a resonating
chamber.
2. Gitgit
It is an instrument with 3
to 4 strings with a wooden
body and human hair for
the bow.
3. Kalutang
It is a pair of equal-sized
wood stick struck
together.

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Palawan Musical Instruments
1. Basal
It is a gong ensemble
consisting of a set of one
or two big gongs, an
agung and a pair of small
ringed gongs, sanang,
and drum called gimbal.
2. Gimbal
It is a drum instrument
with a wooden body
covered with an animal
skin.
3. Pagang
It is made of one whole
node of bamboo partly
split with its skin partly
lifted out.
Instrumental music from the Visayas shows the rich diversity in the musical culture of the region.
The different ensembles, with their respective sounds reflect not only the enthusiastic musical
involvement of the people of the Visayas but also their sentiments, way of life, and interactions with their
environment and other people.
Musical Instruments
The following are well-known ensembles (a group of items viewed as a whole rather than
individually) that can be found in the Visayas:
1. Rondalla - is a string ensemble which originated in Spain. It is a group of stringed instruments
played with a pick or plectrum. There are many Filipino musicians who were able to lead the way
in rondalla ensemble and one of them was Juan Silos, Jr., known as “Father of Rondalla”.
https://music.upd.edu.ph/news_rondallaHAWAI.html

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Rondalla Instruments
Instrument Description
Bajo de Arco
Image from:Marie Gertrelle
Fatima A. Sumicad
 The largest among the instruments in
most stringed ensembles- evident by its
thick strings, large body, and low tones
 The number of strings varies from the
stranded 4-stringed to the rare 6-
stringed, and can have pitches three
octaves lower than middle octave.
 It plays the bass part or the musical
piece.
Bandurria
Image from:Marie Gertrelle
Fatima A. Sumicad
 14-string instrument with 16 frets and a
shorter neck.
 Soprano instrument of the rondalla that
usually plays the melodic line of the
composition.
Guitar
Image from:Marie Gertrelle
Fatima A. Sumicad
 Popular musical instrument classified as
a chordophone with 6 strings.
 It is typically played by strumming or
plucking the strings. It plays the rhythm
or beat of the musical piece.
Laud
Image from:Marie Gertrelle
Fatima A. Sumicad
 It comes from Spanish word which
means “lute”.
 It is a plectrum-plucked chordophone
that has 12 strings in pairs, similar to
bandurria, but with a longer neck.
 Like the bandurria, it is tuned in fourths,
but its range is one octave lower.

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Octavina
Image from:Marie Gertrelle
Fatima A. Sumicad
 It has shorter neck compared to the
guitar, with 14 strings and 16 frets.
 It is played like the laud, the lower notes
in accompaniments and in unison with
the bass notes.
 It serves as the alto of the rondalla.
2. Tultogan - is a bamboo and drum ensemble. To produce sound, the body of the bamboo is struck
with sticks.
Photo from: designcognito.blogspot.com/
3. Binanog – is a gong, drum, wooden percussion ensemble. It is used to accompany a dance
movement imitating the flight of the hawk.

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Activity : Know What You See!
Directions: Below are the different musical instruments from Cordillera, Mindoro, and Palawan. Identify
the instrument and give the place of its origin. Write your answer on the space provided.
Pictures of Musical Instruments
1.__________- _________ 2.__________- _________
3.__________- _________ 4.__________- _________
5..__________- _________ 6.__________- _________
7.__________- _________ 8.__________- _________
9.__________- _________ 10.__________- _________

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11.__________- _________ 12.__________- _________
Prepared by: Checked by: ______________________ Noted: _____________
Cora Ruth S. Getigan Date: ____________________________ Date: ______________
Kris Almi B. Tarrayo
Date: November 26, 2020
ANSWER
KEY:
Activity:
Listening
Activity
Melody:
Just
the
right
pitch
Tempo:
Moderate
Meter:
Duple
Activity
:
Know
What
You
See!
1.
Gangsa-
Cordillera
7.
Bungkaka
or
bilbil-
Cordillera
2.
Gitgit-Mindoro
8.
Ulibaw-
Cordillera
3.
Tongatong-Cordillera
9.
Kudyapi-Mindoro/Palawan
4.
Pateteg-
Cordillera
10.
Basal-
Palawan
5.
Kalutang-Mindoro
11.
Tongali-Cordillera
6.
Gimbal-Palawan
12.
Pagang-Palawan

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