1. The document discusses the invention of the ice cream cone in 1904 by Charles E. Menches and an anonymous lady friend.
2. When Menches brought ice cream and flowers to his lady friend on a date, she used one flower layer to make a vase and rolled the other into a cone shape to hold the ice cream, inventing the ice cream cone.
3. The document then provides background on scientific research methods, including the importance of defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, and testing solutions.
Consumer research paradigms have evolved over time. Early research did not consider emotions, but later researchers realized consumers were not always consciously aware of their motivations. Researchers now use qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative research uses depth interviews and focus groups to provide insights, while quantitative research uses surveys and experiments to describe characteristics and predict reactions. Researchers combine these methods to inform strategic marketing decisions. The consumer research process involves defining objectives, collecting secondary data, designing primary studies, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing reports. Models of consumer behavior consider internal influences like motivation and external influences like culture. Decision making can be complex, low involvement, or routine. [/SUMMARY]
This Presentation was given in Guru Kashi University Talwandi Sabo (2013) at the inaugural ceremony of Ph.D. program. Bibliography is added for sake of References.
1. The document provides an overview of the research process from developing a research proposal to writing the final research report. It discusses key steps and components including identifying a problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, choosing a methodology, analyzing and interpreting data, and communicating findings.
2. The types of research are described as well as quantitative and qualitative approaches. Methodologies can be experimental, non-experimental, or quasi-experimental depending on the research problem.
3. Writing a research report involves structuring the content with components like an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions sections to effectively communicate the purpose, process, and outcomes of the study.
This document provides an overview of the research process. It discusses identifying a research problem and formulating a research question. It also covers developing hypotheses, designing a methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. The document notes that research involves a structured, systematic inquiry using accepted scientific methods. It aims to solve problems and create new, generally applicable knowledge. Key aspects of the research process discussed include deductive and inductive reasoning, quantitative and qualitative approaches, and different types of research such as fundamental, applied, and action-based research.
The document discusses research in nursing. It defines research and describes the roles of nurses in research from producer to consumer. The importance of research to the nursing profession is outlined as building nursing knowledge, validating improvements, and making healthcare more efficient. The sources and types of knowledge and reasoning in research are examined, including basic and applied research. The history of nursing research from Florence Nightingale to modern evidence-based practice is summarized.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic process used to increase understanding through answering questions. The document outlines key aspects of research including: defining and describing research; differences between research and other activities; the process of research from question to interpretation; reliability and validity; and types of research designs. It emphasizes that research requires a scientific approach and should aim to improve understanding and inform practice.
The document provides an overview of research, including definitions, types, and processes. It defines research as a systematic investigation to gain new knowledge and discusses types such as basic research, applied research, quantitative research, qualitative research, descriptive research, exploratory research, historical research, and experimental research. It also outlines the research process and key steps such as formulating a topic, reviewing literature, designing and conducting the research, analyzing data, and reporting findings. Characteristics of good research like objectivity and reproducibility are also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and outlines its key characteristics as systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The document discusses the objectives and types of research, including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative. It also covers research approaches, methods vs methodology, data sources and collection methods, and the overall research process. Key aspects of a good research study are identified, such as having a clearly defined purpose and presenting findings and conclusions clearly. Finally, challenges in research and the process of selecting a research topic and title are discussed.
Consumer research paradigms have evolved over time. Early research did not consider emotions, but later researchers realized consumers were not always consciously aware of their motivations. Researchers now use qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative research uses depth interviews and focus groups to provide insights, while quantitative research uses surveys and experiments to describe characteristics and predict reactions. Researchers combine these methods to inform strategic marketing decisions. The consumer research process involves defining objectives, collecting secondary data, designing primary studies, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing reports. Models of consumer behavior consider internal influences like motivation and external influences like culture. Decision making can be complex, low involvement, or routine. [/SUMMARY]
This Presentation was given in Guru Kashi University Talwandi Sabo (2013) at the inaugural ceremony of Ph.D. program. Bibliography is added for sake of References.
1. The document provides an overview of the research process from developing a research proposal to writing the final research report. It discusses key steps and components including identifying a problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, choosing a methodology, analyzing and interpreting data, and communicating findings.
2. The types of research are described as well as quantitative and qualitative approaches. Methodologies can be experimental, non-experimental, or quasi-experimental depending on the research problem.
3. Writing a research report involves structuring the content with components like an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions sections to effectively communicate the purpose, process, and outcomes of the study.
This document provides an overview of the research process. It discusses identifying a research problem and formulating a research question. It also covers developing hypotheses, designing a methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. The document notes that research involves a structured, systematic inquiry using accepted scientific methods. It aims to solve problems and create new, generally applicable knowledge. Key aspects of the research process discussed include deductive and inductive reasoning, quantitative and qualitative approaches, and different types of research such as fundamental, applied, and action-based research.
The document discusses research in nursing. It defines research and describes the roles of nurses in research from producer to consumer. The importance of research to the nursing profession is outlined as building nursing knowledge, validating improvements, and making healthcare more efficient. The sources and types of knowledge and reasoning in research are examined, including basic and applied research. The history of nursing research from Florence Nightingale to modern evidence-based practice is summarized.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic process used to increase understanding through answering questions. The document outlines key aspects of research including: defining and describing research; differences between research and other activities; the process of research from question to interpretation; reliability and validity; and types of research designs. It emphasizes that research requires a scientific approach and should aim to improve understanding and inform practice.
The document provides an overview of research, including definitions, types, and processes. It defines research as a systematic investigation to gain new knowledge and discusses types such as basic research, applied research, quantitative research, qualitative research, descriptive research, exploratory research, historical research, and experimental research. It also outlines the research process and key steps such as formulating a topic, reviewing literature, designing and conducting the research, analyzing data, and reporting findings. Characteristics of good research like objectivity and reproducibility are also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and outlines its key characteristics as systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The document discusses the objectives and types of research, including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative. It also covers research approaches, methods vs methodology, data sources and collection methods, and the overall research process. Key aspects of a good research study are identified, such as having a clearly defined purpose and presenting findings and conclusions clearly. Finally, challenges in research and the process of selecting a research topic and title are discussed.
This document provides an overview of business research methods. It discusses why business research is important for engineers and defines what research is, including that it is a systematic search for truth and new knowledge. It outlines the scientific method process and types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. COVID-19 statistics are also presented along with the current vaccine status.
This document provides an overview of research and the research process. It discusses what research is, the characteristics of research and researchers, the importance of research, and the typical steps involved in the research process.
The key steps in the research process discussed are: 1) selecting a research topic, 2) defining the research problem, 3) establishing research objectives, 4) conducting a literature review, 5) developing hypotheses, 6) designing the research, 7) sampling, 8) collecting data, 9) designing questionnaires, 10) analyzing data, 11) testing hypotheses, and 12) reporting findings. It also covers different types of research such as basic research, applied research, exploratory research, and descriptive research.
Business research can involve both applied research aimed at solving specific problems, as well as basic research to generate general knowledge. Applied research directly investigates issues facing managers in areas like accounting, finance, management and marketing. Basic research conducted by academics explores broader topics to understand business phenomena. Both applied and basic research follow a systematic process of inquiry and data collection to increase knowledge and resolve problems. Ethics must also be considered to ensure research is conducted responsibly.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines key terms like research, methodology, methods, and research design. It discusses the different types of research such as exploratory, descriptive, and causal research. The steps involved in research process and design formulation are outlined, including defining the problem, literature review, developing hypotheses, data collection and analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are described.
Research is a process through which new knowledge is discovered. Conducting research has to follow certain steps and these may vary with the type and goals of research. But the variation in the process would be minor according to the study involves quantitative or a qualitative approach and data.
This document provides an overview of different types of research methods used in business and social sciences. It discusses the key differences between pure/basic research, applied research, and exploratory research. Pure/basic research is undertaken to expand knowledge without any intention of application, while applied research aims to solve practical problems. Exploratory research is a preliminary study used to clarify problems when little is known. Common exploratory methods mentioned include experience surveys, secondary data analysis, case studies, pilot studies, and focus groups.
Research is a systematic process of learning that increases knowledge. There are different types of research methods, including descriptive research which focuses on describing the current state of affairs, analytical research which interprets available data, and applied research which aims to find solutions to real-world problems. Research can also be qualitative, using methods like interviews and observations to explore concepts, or quantitative, using methods like experiments and surveys to measure amounts.
Research is a systematic process of learning that increases knowledge. There are different types of research methods, including descriptive research which focuses on describing the current state of affairs, analytical research which interprets available data to evaluate it, and applied research which aims to find solutions to real-world problems. Research can also be qualitative, using methods like interviews and observations to explore concepts, or quantitative, using methods like experiments and surveys to measure amounts.
A good research employs scientific methods and is characterized by being orderly, systematic, and replicable. It is based on current professional issues and aims to develop or test theories while solving problems. The research has a clearly defined purpose directed towards expanding professional knowledge and developing empirical evidence, often by collecting first-hand data.
This document provides an introduction to business research. It discusses what research is, defining it as a process of studying and analyzing problems to find solutions. Business research specifically aims to investigate and solve problems encountered in the workplace. The document outlines different types of problems that can arise in management and marketing. It then discusses research methods, distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative approaches. Various research types are defined, including applied vs basic research, descriptive vs analytical, and qualitative methods like narrative research and case studies. The document also covers internal vs external data sources and ethics in business research.
Introduction to research methodology.pptxahmedmcjdu
Introduction to research methodology. Research methodology is a structured and scientific approach used to collect, analyze, and interpret quantitative or qualitative data to answer research questions or test hypotheses. A research methodology is like a plan for carrying out research and helps keep researchers on track by limiting the scope of the research. Several aspects must be considered before selecting an appropriate research methodology, such as research limitations and ethical concerns that may affect your research.
The research methodology section in a scientific paper describes the different methodological choices made, such as the data collection and analysis methods, and why these choices were selected. The reasons should explain why the methods chosen are the most appropriate to answer the research question. A good research methodology also helps ensure the reliability and validity of the research findings. There are three types of research methodology—quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method, which can be chosen based on the research objectives.
Moreover, A research methodology describes the techniques and procedures used to identify and analyze information regarding a specific research topic. It is a process by which researchers design their study so that they can achieve their objectives using the selected research instruments. It includes all the important aspects of research, including research design, data collection methods, data analysis methods, and the overall framework within which the research is conducted. While these points can help you understand what is research methodology, you also need to know why it is important to pick the right methodology.
Research has become an essential tool for solving problems and driving development. It addresses basic human needs and accounts for scarce natural resources by developing new production methods and technologies through advances found via research. Progress today relies on continuous research efforts that push back boundaries of knowledge and produce new products, facts, and methods each year, as seen by rapid development worldwide. Research serves to systematically build upon existing understanding and discover new knowledge needed to effectively address challenges.
This document discusses several non-experimental qualitative research methods, including interviews, observations, and case studies. It provides details on how each method is conducted and considerations for using each method ethically and effectively. Interviews can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured and require informed consent. Observations can be participant or non-participant, and reactivity is a concern. Case studies provide rich insight but require protecting identities. Overall, the document outlines the purpose and process of key qualitative research techniques.
Research in general refers to….
A search for knowledge.
A scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation.
Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and lists its key characteristics, including being systematic, objective, and focused on solving problems. The document outlines different types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, and quantitative vs qualitative. It also discusses research objectives, criteria for good research, and common motivations for conducting research such as the desire to solve problems or gain new knowledge. Different stages of the research process are briefly introduced as well.
Business research methods involve systematically collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding of business topics and issues. Research aims to expand existing knowledge through logical reasoning using both inductive and deductive approaches. It provides accurate, real-world data through controlled experiments and natural observations. Business research scope includes production, personnel, marketing, financial, materials, general, and banking management to aid decisions in areas like new product development, job design, consumer behavior, and economic conditions.
Research is the systematic study of a topic to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It has key characteristics of being systematic, valid/verifiable, and empirical. Research can be classified by its application (pure or applied), objectives (descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory), or inquiry mode (structured or unstructured). Descriptive research aims to describe data while correlational examines relationships between variables.
business research methods 1 introductiondaniyarehan2
Research is a systematic investigation to discover new facts or verify existing facts. It involves searching for knowledge in a planned, organized manner. The main purposes of research are discovery of new information and verification of existing information. Research follows defined methodological steps and aims to provide generalizable conclusions through objective, systematic inquiry. There are different types of research based on purpose, approach, and nature of variables studied. The overall research process typically involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting findings.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
This document provides an overview of business research methods. It discusses why business research is important for engineers and defines what research is, including that it is a systematic search for truth and new knowledge. It outlines the scientific method process and types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. COVID-19 statistics are also presented along with the current vaccine status.
This document provides an overview of research and the research process. It discusses what research is, the characteristics of research and researchers, the importance of research, and the typical steps involved in the research process.
The key steps in the research process discussed are: 1) selecting a research topic, 2) defining the research problem, 3) establishing research objectives, 4) conducting a literature review, 5) developing hypotheses, 6) designing the research, 7) sampling, 8) collecting data, 9) designing questionnaires, 10) analyzing data, 11) testing hypotheses, and 12) reporting findings. It also covers different types of research such as basic research, applied research, exploratory research, and descriptive research.
Business research can involve both applied research aimed at solving specific problems, as well as basic research to generate general knowledge. Applied research directly investigates issues facing managers in areas like accounting, finance, management and marketing. Basic research conducted by academics explores broader topics to understand business phenomena. Both applied and basic research follow a systematic process of inquiry and data collection to increase knowledge and resolve problems. Ethics must also be considered to ensure research is conducted responsibly.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines key terms like research, methodology, methods, and research design. It discusses the different types of research such as exploratory, descriptive, and causal research. The steps involved in research process and design formulation are outlined, including defining the problem, literature review, developing hypotheses, data collection and analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are described.
Research is a process through which new knowledge is discovered. Conducting research has to follow certain steps and these may vary with the type and goals of research. But the variation in the process would be minor according to the study involves quantitative or a qualitative approach and data.
This document provides an overview of different types of research methods used in business and social sciences. It discusses the key differences between pure/basic research, applied research, and exploratory research. Pure/basic research is undertaken to expand knowledge without any intention of application, while applied research aims to solve practical problems. Exploratory research is a preliminary study used to clarify problems when little is known. Common exploratory methods mentioned include experience surveys, secondary data analysis, case studies, pilot studies, and focus groups.
Research is a systematic process of learning that increases knowledge. There are different types of research methods, including descriptive research which focuses on describing the current state of affairs, analytical research which interprets available data, and applied research which aims to find solutions to real-world problems. Research can also be qualitative, using methods like interviews and observations to explore concepts, or quantitative, using methods like experiments and surveys to measure amounts.
Research is a systematic process of learning that increases knowledge. There are different types of research methods, including descriptive research which focuses on describing the current state of affairs, analytical research which interprets available data to evaluate it, and applied research which aims to find solutions to real-world problems. Research can also be qualitative, using methods like interviews and observations to explore concepts, or quantitative, using methods like experiments and surveys to measure amounts.
A good research employs scientific methods and is characterized by being orderly, systematic, and replicable. It is based on current professional issues and aims to develop or test theories while solving problems. The research has a clearly defined purpose directed towards expanding professional knowledge and developing empirical evidence, often by collecting first-hand data.
This document provides an introduction to business research. It discusses what research is, defining it as a process of studying and analyzing problems to find solutions. Business research specifically aims to investigate and solve problems encountered in the workplace. The document outlines different types of problems that can arise in management and marketing. It then discusses research methods, distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative approaches. Various research types are defined, including applied vs basic research, descriptive vs analytical, and qualitative methods like narrative research and case studies. The document also covers internal vs external data sources and ethics in business research.
Introduction to research methodology.pptxahmedmcjdu
Introduction to research methodology. Research methodology is a structured and scientific approach used to collect, analyze, and interpret quantitative or qualitative data to answer research questions or test hypotheses. A research methodology is like a plan for carrying out research and helps keep researchers on track by limiting the scope of the research. Several aspects must be considered before selecting an appropriate research methodology, such as research limitations and ethical concerns that may affect your research.
The research methodology section in a scientific paper describes the different methodological choices made, such as the data collection and analysis methods, and why these choices were selected. The reasons should explain why the methods chosen are the most appropriate to answer the research question. A good research methodology also helps ensure the reliability and validity of the research findings. There are three types of research methodology—quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method, which can be chosen based on the research objectives.
Moreover, A research methodology describes the techniques and procedures used to identify and analyze information regarding a specific research topic. It is a process by which researchers design their study so that they can achieve their objectives using the selected research instruments. It includes all the important aspects of research, including research design, data collection methods, data analysis methods, and the overall framework within which the research is conducted. While these points can help you understand what is research methodology, you also need to know why it is important to pick the right methodology.
Research has become an essential tool for solving problems and driving development. It addresses basic human needs and accounts for scarce natural resources by developing new production methods and technologies through advances found via research. Progress today relies on continuous research efforts that push back boundaries of knowledge and produce new products, facts, and methods each year, as seen by rapid development worldwide. Research serves to systematically build upon existing understanding and discover new knowledge needed to effectively address challenges.
This document discusses several non-experimental qualitative research methods, including interviews, observations, and case studies. It provides details on how each method is conducted and considerations for using each method ethically and effectively. Interviews can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured and require informed consent. Observations can be participant or non-participant, and reactivity is a concern. Case studies provide rich insight but require protecting identities. Overall, the document outlines the purpose and process of key qualitative research techniques.
Research in general refers to….
A search for knowledge.
A scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation.
Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and lists its key characteristics, including being systematic, objective, and focused on solving problems. The document outlines different types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, and quantitative vs qualitative. It also discusses research objectives, criteria for good research, and common motivations for conducting research such as the desire to solve problems or gain new knowledge. Different stages of the research process are briefly introduced as well.
Business research methods involve systematically collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding of business topics and issues. Research aims to expand existing knowledge through logical reasoning using both inductive and deductive approaches. It provides accurate, real-world data through controlled experiments and natural observations. Business research scope includes production, personnel, marketing, financial, materials, general, and banking management to aid decisions in areas like new product development, job design, consumer behavior, and economic conditions.
Research is the systematic study of a topic to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It has key characteristics of being systematic, valid/verifiable, and empirical. Research can be classified by its application (pure or applied), objectives (descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory), or inquiry mode (structured or unstructured). Descriptive research aims to describe data while correlational examines relationships between variables.
business research methods 1 introductiondaniyarehan2
Research is a systematic investigation to discover new facts or verify existing facts. It involves searching for knowledge in a planned, organized manner. The main purposes of research are discovery of new information and verification of existing information. Research follows defined methodological steps and aims to provide generalizable conclusions through objective, systematic inquiry. There are different types of research based on purpose, approach, and nature of variables studied. The overall research process typically involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting findings.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
Content acquisition strategies are also discussed, highlighting the dual approach of purchasing broadcasting rights for existing films and TV shows and investing in original content production. This section underscores the importance of a robust content library in attracting and retaining subscribers.The presentation addresses the challenges faced by OTT platforms, including the unpredictability of content acquisition and audience preferences. It emphasizes the difficulty of balancing content investment with returns in a competitive market, the high costs associated with marketing, and the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay relevant.
The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
Looking ahead, the future of OTT in India appears promising. The market is expected to grow by 20% annually, reaching a value of ₹1200 billion by the end of the decade. The increasing availability of affordable smartphones and internet access will drive this growth, making OTT platforms a primary source of entertainment for many viewers.
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
Structural Design Process: Step-by-Step Guide for BuildingsChandresh Chudasama
The structural design process is explained: Follow our step-by-step guide to understand building design intricacies and ensure structural integrity. Learn how to build wonderful buildings with the help of our detailed information. Learn how to create structures with durability and reliability and also gain insights on ways of managing structures.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
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LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
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3. INVENTION: Ice Cream Cone
• INVENTOR: Charles E. Menches, U.S., and an
anonymous lady friend; Abe Doumar, U.S.
• YEAR: 1904
• HOW INVENTED: Menches was an ice cream
salesman at the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition, the great fair in St. Louis, Mo.
Whenever Menches visited a certain lady
friend, he brought a bouquet of flowers. On
one occasion, for a super date, he brought
flowers and an ice cream sandwich. Because
his lady friend lacked a vase for the flowers,
she took one of the sandwich layers and
curled it into the form of a vase. Then she
rolled the other layer to contain the ice
cream itself--and the ice cream cone was
born.
4. Research problem
I observed families riding on
two-wheelers — the father
driving the scooter, his
young kid standing in front of
him, his wife seated behind
him holding a little baby. It
led me to wonder whether
one could conceive of a
safe, affordable, all-weather
form of transport for such a
family," Tata said.
5.
6. In the end What is the outcome?
• Four years efforts to realise this goal.
• Today, we indeed have a people's car, which is affordable ,
safe, fuel efficient
• We hope it brings the joy, pride and utility of owning a car to
many families who need personal mobility
• ." This small car — Nano is 20 per cent shorter in length than
the Maruti 800 but Tata claims it has 21 per cent more space
— is powered by a 623 cc rear-mounted engine and will travel
20 km per litre.
• The car will cost Rs 1 lakh at the dealer-end but attract Value-
Added Tax and transportation cost.
• Nano will also come in two deluxe models with air
conditioning.
7. • Mukesh Ambani says
“Ensuring better
returns to Indian
farmers and
manufacturers and
greater value for the
Indian consumer,
both in quality and
quantity, will be an
integral feature of
this project.”
8. Syllabus
• MODULE 1 (6 Hours)
• Research – Meaning, types, criteria of good
research, marketing research, scientific
approach to research in physical and
management science, limitations of applying
scientific methods in business research
problems, ethical issues in business research.
9. What is Business Research?
• A systematic Inquiry
whose objective is to
provide information to
solve managerial
problems.
• Search for knowledge
• Systematized effort to
gain new knowledge-
Redman & Mory
10. Research comprises of:
• Defining problems
• Formulating hypothesis
• Collecting, organising, and evaluating data
• Reaching solutions and
• At last testing the solutions to determine
whether they fit the formulated hypothesis
11. Why Managers need Better Information?
• Global and domestic competition is
more vigorous
• Organizations are increasingly
practicing data mining and data
warehousing
• Increase in the complexity & risk
• More knowledge exists in every field
• Stake holders are better informed.
• The power & ease of today’s
computers to analyze the data
12. Why Study Research?
1. Changes in business environment
2. Manager’s increased need for information
3. Explosive technology growth
4. Problems with mergers, trade policies, Savings &
investment issues
5. Continuous innovations
Research provides you with the knowledge and
skills needed for the fast-paced decision-making
environment
13. The Manager-Researcher Relationship
• Manager’s obligations
– Specify problems
– Provide adequate background
information
– Access to company
information gatekeepers
• Researcher’s obligations
– Develop a creative research
design
– Provide answers to important
business questions
14. Manager-Researcher Conflicts
• Management’s limited
exposure to research
• Manager sees researcher as
threat to personal status
• Researcher has to consider
corporate culture and
political situations
• Researcher’s isolation from
managers
15. When Research Should be Avoided
1) When information cannot be applied to a
critical managerial decision
2) When managerial decision involves little risk
3) When management has insufficient
resources to conduct a study
4) When the cost of the study outweighs the
level of risk of the decision
16. Research is done through two methods
Arbitrary method
• Seeking answers to questions based on
imagination, opinion, belief, or impression.
Ex. Earlier belief that Shape of the earth was
flat
• Disadvantages
• It is subjective
• Finding varies form person to person.
• It is vague & inaccurate
Method 1
17. Research is done through two methods
Scientific Method
• Method yields same results when repeated
by different people.
• Is a systematic step by step procedure
following the logical process of reasoning.
• Encourages doubts & criticism so that what
emerges is the real evidence.
Method 2
18. Steps in scientific methods
1. Observation
2. Formulation of hypothesis
3. Future predictions
4. Testing the hypothesis
• Ex. Researcher conducts a market
research for a client manufacturing
women's jeans pant & tops
19. Advantages
1. Objective
2. Precise & arrives at
conclusions on the
basis of verifiable
evidences.
3. Method is free from
personal beliefs,
attitudes & values.
20. Characteristics of scientific method
• Careful & accurate classification of facts
• Discovery of laws
• Self criticism- Scientist should critically examine his
own research in a detached manner.
• Validity- Validity is the ability of measuring
instrument to measure what is supposed to
– Ex. Questionnaires for measuring the attitudes of
respondents Horlicks
– Ex. Barometer, thermometer, Scale
21. Basis of scientific method
• Relies on empirical evidence ( data collected
through observation or experiment)
• Use of relevant concepts
• Commitment to objectivity
• Ethical neutrality – True & accurate statements
• Does not pass normative judgments( Good or
bad)
• Generalization
• Verifiability- Conclusions can be verified Ex
Atom originally was considered to be indivisible
• Logical reasoning process -Based on reasoning
process.
22. Logical reasoning process
• Consists of Induction & Deduction.
• Induction- draws conclusions from one or
more particular facts.
• It is a process of reasoning where by we arrive
at universal generalizations from particular
facts.
• Studying individual cases & drawing
generalizations
–Ex. Test marketing of a new product
23. Induction
• It involves two
processes
• 1.Observation
2.Generalisation
– Ex. If it is observed that
educated girls have
expensive habits one
may conclude that all
educated girls have
expensive habits.
24. Deduction
• Is a form of inference that purports to be conclusive
• Is the process of drawing generalizations through a
process of reasoning on the basis of certain
assumptions which are self evident or based on
observation.
• Deduction can give conclusive evidence.
– Ex.1: Dr. Shekar is an adult.
– All adults are eligible to vote.
– Dr Shekar is eligible to vote.
– Ex.2:All products manufactured by TATA are good
– Nano car will also be good
25. Difference between Scientific method & Non-
scientific methods
Scientific method
1. More objective
2. Hypothesis can be
verified with the help
of statistical principles
3. More precise,
measurement &
numerical analysis can
be done.
Non-scientific method
1. More subjective
2. Opinion differs from
person to person.
3. Measurement &
numerical analysis can
not be done
26. Difference between scientific method & non
scientific methods
Scientific Method
4. Takes cognizance of
the existing knowledge
in a particular field,
carries out further
investigations &
compare the results so
obtained earlier.
5. leads to the expansion
of knowledge.
Non-Scientific Method
4. Non scientific method
may not contribute to
the accumulation of
systematic knowledge.
27. Difficulties in applying Scientific method in
marketing
• Role of Investigators
– Marketer is expected to be objective in his
investigation.
– He can manipulate the data which is acceptable to
clients
• Inaccuracy of measuring instruments
– Information is qualitative Ex. Brand preference
• Influence of measurement
– Human beings responses, behavior undergoes
change.
• Time pressure
28. Difficulties in applying Scientific method in
marketing
• Scientist can measure the minute changes in the lab.
& is sure of the accuracy of the measurement.
– Market researcher has to deal with aspects like attitude of
consumers, changes in their preferences & their impact on
the consumption of a given product.
• The instrument of measurement is questionnaire
which is can not give high degree of precision.
– Questionnaire is used by many interviewers
– Information collected by them will have different degrees
of accuracy.
29. Difficulties in applying Scientific method in
marketing
• Scientific method is continuous & unending
process leading to the accumulation of
systematic knowledge.
• Marketing research is problem solving &
problem oriented research.
– Focus of investigation is narrow.
– It is an exhaustive study.
30. Difference between Research in Social
science & Physical science
Physical science
• Body of techniques for
investigating phenomena
and acquiring new
knowledge, as well as for
correcting and integrating
previous knowledge.
• Based on gathering
observable, empirical,
measurable evidence,
subject to the principles
of reasoning.
Social science
• Research conducted by
social scientists in
sociology social
psychology human
geography, political
science, social
anthropology and
education.
• They may monitor what is
happening on a street
today - or what was
happening a few hundred
years ago.
31. Difference between Research in Social
science & Physical science
Physical science
• Is objective in nature
• Complete documentation
of data and methodology
available for careful
scrutiny by other
scientists and
researchers.
• Experiments are
conducted to quantify the
results
Social science
•Social scientists use
different methods in order
to describe, explore and
understand social life.
•Subdivided into two
broad categories.
• Quantitative methods
• qualitative methods
32. Characteristics of Research
i. Research is systematic, structured & critical investigation
into a phenomenon.
ii. It is not a mere compilation but a purposive investigation
iii. It aims at describing interpreting & explaining a
phenomenon.
iv. It adopts a scientific method.
v. It is objective, logical, applies possible tests & arrives at
conclusions
vi. It is based on observable experience or empirical evidence.
vii. Research is directed towards finding answers to pertinent
questions
viii. It emphasizes the development of generalisation,principles
or theories.
33. Objectives of Research
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve
new sights in to it
2. To determine the frequency with which some thing
occurs
3. To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship
between the variables
4. To portray accurately the characteristics of a
particular individual , situation or a group.
5. To find answers to various types of questions why,
where, how, what
34. Objectives of Research
6. Research unravels the mysteries of nature
7. Research establishes generalizations & general laws
& principles.
6. Ex. Law of gravitation, law of demand, principles
of organisation
8. Aims at finding solutions to problems
9. Aims at developing theories, concepts & principles
10. Research aids planning & thus contributes to
national development
35. Criteria for good research
• The purpose should
be clearly defined.
• The research
procedure used
should be described in
detail to permit
another researcher to
repeat the research
for further
development.
36. Criteria for good research
• Procedural design of the research should be carefully
planned to yield the results that are objective as for as
possible.
• The researcher should report with complete frankness,
• The analysis of the data should be sufficiently adequate
to reveal its significance.
• Researcher should be experienced & a person of
integrity.
• Method of analysis should be appropriate.
• The validity& reliability of data should be checked
carefully.
• Conclusions should be confirmed to those justified by the
data of the research.
38. 1.Applied research ( Action Research)
• It aims at finding a solution for an immediate
problem facing a society or an organisation.
1. Teacher finds that most of the students are weak in
comprehension
2. A teacher innovates a method to improve the ability
of the students.
3. Marketer studying the profitability of two or more
products.
4. Developing a new market for the product.
39. 2.Descriptive Research
• It includes surveys & fact finding enquiries.
• It is concerned with describing the state of affairs
as it exists at present.
• Ex. Trends in the consumption of soft drinks
with respect to socio-economic characteristics
such as age, family, income education level,
profession.
• Employs any or all the methods of data collection.
– Ex, Questionnaire, Interview, observation
40. 3.Fundamental Research
• Concerned with generalizations & with the
formulation of a theory.
– Ex. Research concerning natural phenomenon or
relating to pure science, Human behaviour in
order to make generalizations.
41. 4. One time research & Longitudinal
research
• Is a correlational research study that involves
repeated observations of the same variables
over long periods of time — often many
decades.
• Is a type of observational study.
• Are often used in psychology to study
developmental trends across the life span, and
in sociology to study life events throughout
lifetimes or generations.
42. 5.Exploratory research
• This type of research is carried out at the
beginning when the problem is very vague.
• To provide insights and understanding.
– Ex. Sales decline
43. 6.Historical Research
• It is that which utilizes historical sources like
documents, letters.
• Autobiographies, monuments, remains,
paintings in order to establish facts & draw
conclusions concerning the past.
– Ex. Investors in the share market study past
records or prices of shares
44. 7. Ex post Facto research
• In social research, the Ex post Facto research
term is used.
• He has no control over variables.
• He can only report what has happened or
what is happening.
– Ex. Preferences of people.
45. 8.Quantitative Research
• Refers to the systematic empirical investigation
of social phenomena via statistical,
mathematical or computational techniques.
• Objective of quantitative research is to
develop and employ mathematical
models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining
to phenomena.
46. 9.Qualitative research
• Aim to gather an in-depth understanding
of human behavior and the reasons that
govern such behavior.
• The qualitative method investigates
the why and how of decision making, not
just what, where, when.
47. 10. Comparative Research
• The research aims at comparing the institutions,
practices, concepts, trends in economic variables.
– Ex. Customer service in different banks
• Model Building research
• Mostly done in the field of management.
• Model is constructed to show the relationship
among many variables.
– Ex. Advertising models, Consumer behaviour
models
48. 11.Operations Research
• The method of research to solve problems
using scientific methods & quantitative
techniques
– Ex. Construction of flyovers
49. 12.Library Research
• Conducted with the help of written materials
located in big libraries.
• Concerned with the evolution of theories,
study involving cause & effect relationship &
seeking out significant facts & interpretation
of the past data.
50. 13.Causal Research
• It is conducted to
determine the cause and
effect relationship
between 2 variables
– Ex. Effect of
advertisement on sales
51. Significance of Research
• “ All progress is born of enquiry. Doubt is better
than overconfidence. For it leads to inquiry and
inquiry leads to invention.”
• Research inculcates inductive thinking and it
promotes development of logical thinking .
• Several complex business problems can be solved
through research
• It provides the basis for all govt. policies
• Important for social scientists in studying the social
relationships and to seek answers for social
problems
52. Significance of Research
• Operational & planning problems of
business & industry can be solved with the
help of research.
• For students- A career
• Professionals- Source of livelihood
• Literary men & women – Development of
new styles & creative work.
• Philosophers Analysts & intellectuals-
Generalization of new theories.
54. What are Research Ethics?
• Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that
guide moral choices about our behavior and
our relationships with others
• The goal is to ensure that no one is harmed or
suffers adverse consequences from research
activities
55. Ethical Treatment of Participants
• Rights of the participants should be protected.
• Guidelines to be followed by the Researcher
– Begin data collection by explaining to the
participant the benefits expected from the
research
– Explain to the participants that their rights and
well-being will be adequately protected, and
say how this will be done
– Be certain that interviewers obtain the
informed consent of the participant
56. Deception
• Deception occurs when the participant is told
only part of the truth or when the truth is fully
compromised.
• Two reasons for deception
– To prevent biasing the participants before the
survey or experiment
– To protect the confidentiality of a third party (
sponsor)
• The benefits to be gained by deception should be
balanced against the risks to the participants.
57. Issues Related to Protecting Participants
• Obtain Informed consent from participants
• Debriefing- Explanation of deception,
Description of hypothesis, goal or purpose of
study to participants, post study sharing of
results with the participants.
• Right to Privacy/Confidentiality – Guarantee of
confidentiality must be given to the
participants.
58. Ethical Issues related to the Client
• Sponsor non-disclosure- Some clients wish to
undertake research with out revealing
themselves.
• Purpose non-disclosure- Researcher has to
protect the purpose of the study.
• Findings non-disclosure
59. Right to Quality Research
• This right entails
– Providing a research design appropriate for the
research question.
– Maximizing the sponsor’s value for the resources
expended.
– Providing appropriate data handling and reporting
techniques for the data collected.
60. Ethics Related to Sponsor
• Sometimes researchers will be asked by sponsors to
participate in unethical behavior.
• To avoid coercion by sponsor the researcher should:
– Educate sponsor to the purpose of research
– Explain researcher’s role
– Explain how distortion of the truth leads to future
problems
– If necessary, terminate relationship with sponsor
61. Ethical Issues related to
Researchers and Team Members
• Safety- it is the responsibility of the
researcher to design a project so
that the safety of all interviewers ,
surveyors, observers or
experimenters is protected.
• Ethical behavior of assistants-
Researcher expects ethical
compliance or behaviour from the
assistants.
• Protection of anonymity-
Researcher & assistants should
protect the confidentiality of the
sponsor’s information & the
anomaly of the participants.
62. Rights of the Respondents
• Rights of the respondents
– Information collected for the MR should not be
misused for any other purpose.
– Respondents should not be forced to answer a
questionnaire.
– Information should be kept confidential.
– Respondents should be given the opportunity to
think & answer the questions that are of personal
nature.
– It is the responsibility of the market researcher to
accurately reflect the respondents replies in his
report.
63. Difference between Research methods &
Research Methodology
• Research methods refer to techniques that
are used for conducting research
• Ex: Observation, Questionnaires, interviews, Analysis
of historical records, Case studies
• Research methodology is a way to
systematically solve the research problem.
64. Research Methodology
• It is a way to systematically solve the research
problem.
• It is a science of studying how research is done
scientifically ( step by step)
• Researcher needs to know not only the methods &
techniques but also as to how to use relevant
method at the appropriate time
– Ex researcher in designing a building
• Research methodology has many dimensions &
methods only constitute a part of the research
methodology.