The engineering design process involves systematically identifying needs and developing solutions to meet those needs through an iterative approach that includes defining problems, establishing criteria, creating prototypes, and testing. Key stages include understanding customer requirements, evaluating alternatives, and refining designs based on feedback. The process emphasizes creativity, collaboration, and consideration of various constraints such as economic factors, safety, and usability.

1. Engineering Design Process
BT THIRD SEMESTER 2024
Design & Engineering

2. Engineering design is…
The process of devising a system,
component or process to meet needs
A decision-making process in which
science and mathematics are applied to
convert resources to meet objectives
Establishing objectives & criteria,
synthesis, analysis,
construction, testing, and
evaluation

3. Problem Characteristics
•Engineering Problem
■ Problem statement
incomplete,
ambiguous
■ No readily
identifiable closure
■ Solutions neither
unique nor compact
■ Solution needs
integration of many
specialties
•Science Problem
■ Succinct problem
statement
■ Identifiable closure
■ Unique solution
■ Problem defined
and solved with
specialized
knowledge

4. Typical Design Problems
“Design a system for lifting and moving loads of
up to 5000 kgs in a manufacturing facility. The
facility has an unobstructed span of 25 metres.
The lifting system should be inexpensive and
satisfy all relevant safety standards.”

5. Studying Engineering Design
Develop student creativity
Use open-ended problems
Use design theory and
methods
Formulate design problem statements
and specifications
Consider alternative solutions
Consider feasibility

6. Studying Engineering Design
Know and apply production processes
Understand concurrent engineering
design
Create detailed system descriptions
Include realistic constraints such as…
■ Economic factors, safety, reliability
■ aesthetics, ethics, social impacts

7. Module Organization:
The Design Process
1. Identify a need, who is the “customer”
2. Establish design criteria and constraints
3. Evaluate alternatives (systems or
components)
4. Build a prototype
5. Test/evaluate prototype against
criteria
6. Analyze, “tweak” , redesign,
retest

8. The Engineering
Design Process

9. Design is an Iterative Process
Begins with a
recognition of need for
a product, service, or
system
During the idea phase
encourage a wide
variety of solutions
through brainstorming,
literature search, and
talking to users
Best solutions are
selected for further
refinement
Models or prototypes
are made and
problems that arise
may require new
ideas to solve and a
return to an earlier
stage in the process
Finally drawings are
released to
manufacturing for
production

10. Engineering Design Defined
The crux of the design process
is creating a satisfactory
solution to a need
Harrisberger

11. Design Approach

12. Engineering Design Process
Customer Need
or
Opportunity
Problem Definition/
Specifications
Data & Information
Collection
Development of
Alternative Designs
Evaluation of Designs/
Selection of Optimal Design
Implementation of
Optimal Design
Source: Accrediting Board For Engineering and Technology

13. Primary Design Features
1. Meets a need, has a “customer”
2. Design criteria and constraints
3. Evaluate alternatives (systems or
components)
4. Build prototype (figuratively)
5. Test/evaluate against test plans
(criteria)
6. Analyze, “tweak” , redesign ,
retest
7. Project book: record, analyses, decisions,
specs

15. Step 1: Need
Have a need, have a customer
External vs internal; Implied vs explicit
Often stated as functional requirement
Often stated as bigger, cheaper, faster,
lighter
Boilerplate purpose: The design and
construction of a (better something)
for (kids, manufacturing, medicine) to do
.

16. Detailing Customer Objectives
• Clarify the problem and define it
• Ensure the final customer is aware of the design problem and
his final objectives are obtained

17. Setting Design Objectives
• Involve the client /customer to define the implicit and explicit
design objectives
• The team should be clear with the design objectives
• Define the design statement and problem
• Also identify the criteria for success and the evaluation of
results to show design success

18. Step 2: Criteria & Constraints
“Design criteria are requirements you specify for
your design that will be used to make decisions
about how to build the product”
Aesthetics
Geometry
Physical
Features
Performance
Inputs-Outputs
Use Environment
Usability
Reliability

19. Some Design Constraints
Cost
Time
Knowledge
Legal, ethical
Physical: size, weight, power, durability
Natural, topography, climate,
resources Company practices

20. Identifying your constraints
• Each design problem will have specific
constraints
• Identify these early and follow them
throughout the design process.
• Constraint: A general limit that is imposed
on a design project such as a deadline,
budget, materials or manufacturing
process

21. Step 3: Evaluate Alternatives
Needs best stated as function, not form
Likely to find good alternatives for
cheapest, fastest, lightest, and
encourage discovery
Research should reveal what has
been done
Improve on what has been done
Play alternatives off criteria and
constraints. Brainstorming helps

22. Best Design
• Choose best design that meets all criteria
• Demonstrate trade off analyses (among criteria
and constraints) are high quality
• Cost (lifecycle) is always consideration
• Resist overbuilding; drives complexity, cost,
time, resources
• Design matrix
•A quality design meets customers expectations!

24. Step 4: Prototype
Prototype is implementation of chosen
design alternative
It is a proof of design, production and
suitability
Prototypes are often cost prohibitive:
Models and simulations may suffice
Quality design does not include
redesigning a lot of prototypes

25. Prototype

26. Simulation

27. Why Simulation?

28. Prototyping Computer Programs

29. Step 5: Test it Well
Test and optimize design against
constraints and customer expectations.
Create a test plan showing how to test
Test in the conditions of use
Good test plan shows what test,
expected results how to test, and what
analyses will be. It relates to
specification requirements
e.g. test plan for a light bulb (activity)

30. Step 6: Test and Redesign

31. Test Results
Successful Test:
Satisfying
Test Failure:
Priceless

32. Step 7: Documentation
Project data book A complete record
All key decisions
Good drawings
Test plans
Results
Conclusions
Things learned

33. Draw a Good Picture
• Drawings for project notebook, application, display
• Photos, sketches, CAD 2-D or 3-D
• Show assembly, components, materials

34. Product Sketches

35. Other Drawings

45. Design Idea Generation

46. SCAMPER
• S - Substitute: This prompts you to consider replacing elements or
components with alternatives, potentially leading to fresh
perspectives and solutions.
• C - Combine: Encourages the fusion of different ideas, concepts, or
elements to create something new and innovative.
• A - Adapt: Focuses on modifying existing ideas or concepts to suit a
new context or purpose.
• M - Modify: This prompts you to make alterations or adjustments
to elements, potentially transforming the entire concept.
• P - Put to Another Use: Encourages you to explore alternative
applications or contexts for existing ideas or products.
• E - Eliminate: Involves the removal or exclusion of elements, often
simplifying a concept or process.

52. Course Objective
COs Statements
1
To identify the significance of Engineering Design
and apply it for real life problems
2
To apply Design Thinking while learning and
practicing Engineering solutions
3
To analyze a product design by prototyping models
and apprise various design elements involved
4
To develop and innovate for reliable, sustainable
and economically viable designs for engineering
problems

53. Design Elements
• Functionality: The product should work as intended
and meet customer needs.
• Usability: The product should be easy to use and
understand.
• Aesthetics: The product's look and feel should be
pleasing and inviting, and should include the colors,
imagery, typography, and overall UI design.
• Brand consistency: The product design should be
consistent with the brand's identity.
• User experience (UX): The product design should
provide a good user experience.

54. Product Attribute Chart

55. Design Thinking VS Design Process
• Design thinking and the design process are
related but distinct concepts in the field of
design.

56. Design Thinking
• Design Thinking: Design thinking refers to a
human-centered approach to problem-solving and
innovation. It emphasizes understanding the
needs and desires of users or customers and
finding creative solutions to meet those needs.
• Design thinking typically involves the following
key stages:
• a.Empathize: Understanding the users, their
perspectives, and their needs through
observation and engagement.
• b. Define: Clearly defining the problem or
challenge based on user insights.

57. Design Thinking
• c.Ideate: Generating a wide range of ideas and
potential solutions through brainstorming and
creative thinking.
• d. Prototype: Building quick, low-fidelity
prototypes to visualize and test potential solutions.
• e. Test: Gathering feedback on prototypes,
iterating, and refining ideas based on user input.
• f. Implement: Bringing the chosen solution to life
and incorporating user feedback into the final
design .

58. Design Thinking
• Design thinking is often iterative and
non-linear, allowing for multiple
iterations and a flexible approach to
problem-solving. It encourages
collaboration, interdisciplinary
thinking, and an emphasis on user
needs throughout the design process.

59. Design Process
•Design Process: The design
process refers to a systematic,
step-by-step approach to creating
a solution or product.
•It encompasses the various stages
involved in taking a design project
from conception to completion.

60. Design Process
The design process typically includes the
following stages:
• a. Research: Gathering information,
conducting market analysis, and
understanding the project requirements.
• b. Concept Development: Generating initial
design concepts and exploring different
possibilities
• c. Refinement: Iteratively refining and
developing the chosen concept, considering
factors like functionality, aesthetics, and

61. Design Process
• d. Design Execution: Creating detailed drawings,
specifications, and documentation necessary for
production or implementation.
• e. Production: Manufacturing or constructing the design
according to the specifications.
• f. Evaluation: Assessing the final product's performance,
functionality, and user satisfaction.
• The design process is often more linear and structured
compared to design thinking, focusing on the systematic
execution of tasks to bring a design from concept to
reality. It may vary depending on the specific design
discipline and industry.