1) The document discusses Latin America's wars in the 19th century, including conflicts between federalists and unitarians in Argentina and Rosas' rule over the country as a dictator from 1829 to 1851. 2) It then covers several countries in Latin America in the modern era, describing Mexico after the implementation of NAFTA, Venezuela's dependence on oil, Brazil's role as a regional leader, and Argentina and Chile's experiences with globalization. 3) The document also provides biographical information about Colombian singer Shakira and the charity foundation she established.

1. Modern Latin America Assignment 7 Kelsey Taylor History 141

2. Latin America’s Wars Argentina 1820-1861 Provincials did not want to be governed by the Porteños made them sign the Treaty of Pilar- created a federation within Argentina Provincials defeated the Porteños and imposed the treaty Provincial army: gauchos and the poor from the port of Buenos Aires Unitarians consisted of the commercial class for their army

3. Latin America’s Wars Rosas became governor of Buenos Aires and as ruler, no constitution existed, only his word There was an uneasy truce between the Provincials and the Porteños when Rosas started his rule over the future Argentina General Paz was the first serious challenger to Rosas’ authority Paz won control of 9 interior provinces uniting them in the unitarian league Rosas controlled the littoral league

4. Latin America’s Wars The Great War fought between the Uruguayan Congress and Rosas, Rosas was the victor then the “coalition of the North” declared war against Rosas Rosas won and emerged as a national hero Still no peace between Uruguay and Rosas France and Great Britain declared a blockade of Buenos Aires Rosas was acclaimed the defender of national sovereignty against foreign intervention

5. Latin America’s Wars Between 1829 and 1851 Manuel Rosas dominated today’s Argentina He was a very controversial figure: savior to some, arch villain to others He ruled as an absolute dictator He tried to prevent change to Argentina socially, economically, and politically He left Argentina no less united than when he took control When he got older, he lost his hold on the caudillos and that started his demise After his rule, Justo Urquiza took over dominating Argentina and may be credited with having been the catalyst for Argentina’s transition from neo-feudalism to an emerging nation

6. The Second World Mexico The North American Free Trade Agreement was supposed to propel Mexico into the first world but instead it began an all out insurgency to draw attention to the plight of marginalized farmers Mexico was revealed as more third-world than first The rural-urban split in Mexico’s politics reveals that there are four Mexicos: a northern region on the American border where dollars and pesos are interchangeable; central Mexico, the country’s capital and breadbasket; the indigenous, beautiful, economically destitute isthmus region; and the “New Maya” region of the Yucatan, unevenly modernizing and overwhelmingly poor

7. The Second World Venezuela The country without oil would be just another third-world agricultural backwater with populist leaders and the occasional coup The country has potential to become a major energy provider and a diplomatic caalyst to finally achieve Bolívar’s dream The people there are loyal to Chavez no matter what her does, for he has given them hope

8. The Second World Brazil It’s size makes it the continent’s natural leader Takes up about half the continent, borders every country except Chile and Ecuador Brazil is a magnet that attracts labor and investment from all sides It has always looked multi-directionally, persevering in its quest to become the anchor of Latin diplomacy Globalization has amplified class divides

9. The Second World Argentina and Chile Argentina prospered for many decades under the mid-nineteenth century progressive liberalism of Presidente Juan Bautista Alberdi Geographers and intellectuals view their country as a hemispheric rival to United state Globalization has created new metrics for judging where a nation stands in the international hierarchy Chile faces numerous bumps in the global marketplace, but so far it has managed them with confidence

10. Shakira Grammy-winning Latina pop singer Shakira was born in Barranquilla, Colombia, on February 2, 1977. Her father is a Lebanese-American immigrant and her mother a native of Colombia of Italian and Spanish decent. Shakira began her musical career at age 12 and quickly captured fans throughout Latin America. She won the 2001 Best Latin pop Grammy for her "MTV Unplugged" album.

11. Shakira Pies Descalzos Foundation (Barefoot Foundation) is a Colombian charity founded by pop artist Shakira in 1997. with the aim of helping poor and impoverished children. The Pies Descalzos mission statement is "The Barefoot Foundation work to ensure that every Colombian child can exercise their right to a quality education. Our model targets displaced and vulnerable communities by addressing their unique needs." The foundations main focus is on aid through education, and the organisation has five schools across Colombia that provide education and meals for 4000 childre