The document discusses the historical and economic relationships between Britain and Latin America from the early 19th century to the contemporary period, highlighting the shifting dynamics influenced by wars and political changes. It outlines the economic dependencies and political instabilities in various Latin American countries, including Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, as well as the impacts of U.S. interventions and trade agreements such as NAFTA. Additionally, it explores the evolution of Latin American art and cinema, showcasing key movements and figures that have shaped its cultural landscape.

1. Modern Latin America A PowerPoint: By Ben Ely

2. Britain and Latin AmericaThe first real concession between Latin America and Britain happened in Brazil roughly around 1810 where British government negotiated preferential trading privileges in Brazil in return for its support for the Portuguese royal family Merchants with cargoes of manufactured goods, particularly cotton textiles, established themselves in large numbers in ports along the Atlantic and Pacific coastsWhile in London citizens invested their savings in loans to young governments and the mining facilities promising a new “El Dorado”British and European continental markets were tied in with Latin America, as the shipping rats between them began to fall, their economic dependence on each other intensified greatlyBritish interest thus came to focus more on Brazil and the three southern republics, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile

3. Britain and Latin AmericaBetween 1870 and 1914 British relations with Latin America reached their peakThe First World War permitted the United States to gain ground in Latin America at the expense of the European powersBy the 1940’s the majority of Latin America’s market was funneled through New YorkThe second world war reduced further trade and put Britain into noticeably significant debt to the Latin AmericasOver the next few years many of the pre-1914 investments, which had become almost worthless, were surrendered to Latin American governments in exchange for a cancellation of Britain's debts.

4. Britain and Latin AmericaMexico on the other hand faced numerous simultaneous problems and obstacles an invasion from Spanish forces in 1829 the secession of Texas in 1835-3A French intervention in 1838,and war with the United States in 1846-47.Mexico, Peru and Bolivia all provided extreme examples of instability. Between May 1833 and August 1855 the Mexican presidency changed hands thirty-six timesThis central government’s inability to maintain control and essentially collect revenues made it impossible for any leader to establish a coalition powerful enough to maintain any order.

5. Through Paraguay things were run differently as Jose Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia created a nationoverthecourse of 30 yearsthatwaslargelyisolatedfromtheoutside world bringing instability toLatinAmericauponhisdeath in 1840

6. Through British eyesthereweretwoeconomicalassets of LatinAmericathatseemedtoholdtheirground and maintainstabilitywhichwereBrazil, and Chile, givingthemtremendouseconomicaladvantagesthroughthesupport of the BritishBritain and Latin AmericaIn Mexico, this rebellion in the countryside made way for some unique political changesThere was no clear pattern to the subsequent political developments. In Argentina, a coalition known as the Concordancia, essentially consisting of leading landowners and military officers, maintained conservative politicians in power through fraudulent elections until the overthrow of President Castillo in a military coup in 1943This lasted until 1946 as Juan Domingo Peron emerged and used a powerful nationalist rhetoric to aid his connections to the urban working class resulting in him winning the presidential election in 1946In Brazil around this time, Rio Grand De solul’s former governor successfully led a revolt and instituted an important and constitutional regimeThis lasted until 1937 where he took advantage of the military and used it to close congress and even commence a period of authoritarian rule historically known as the Estado Novowhile there was no clear pattern to the political changes which occurred in Latin America the economic role of the state grew, as governments themselves took control of more of the infrastructure, in particular even, the transport systems in which the British had invested so heavily.“The Second World”In the 2nd world by ParagKhanna it is theorized that “manifest destiny” was not merely a westward expansion to the pacific ocean, as is often supposed, rather it was also a vision of northern and southern hemispheric controlThis ties into the fate of the Latin Americas greatly, being directly south of the U.S.On April 21st of 1898 United states declared war on Spain, supposedly to liberate Cuba and initiate it’s democratic evolutionRoosevelt’s own words sum up the true motivation of attack efficiently “Peace cannot be had until the civilized nations have expanded in some shape over the barbarous nations”Yet none of the forty governments America has overthrown in Latin America since 1898 became democratic- quite simply because the plan was to implant democracy in form only. In the tension between opening markets and spreading democracy, Imperialism always won

7. “The Second World”On January 1st, 1994 The North American Free Trade Agreement to propel Mexico into the first world was put into effect but ironically proved that Mexico and America will continue to suffer until they find better ways to pull Mexico out of the second worldMexico’s joining of NAFTA represented the release of any privilege of leading an independent Latin AmericaThis resulted in an exposition of a rural-urban split of mexico revealing four mexicos:Northern region where pesos and dollars intertwineCentral region the capital and central breadbasketIsthmus region being economically Distute“New Maya” region being overwhelmingly poor

8. “The Second World”It will take more than “NAFTA-nomics” to save Mexico and make a country out of it, the U.S. even bailed out the peso during a Mexican financial crisisWith all of this in mind, the reality of the situation is that Mexicans are the only immigrant group with a historical claim to U.S. territory, the waves of Hispanic migration to the United States have been dubbed the “Reconquista”This is no one way trade has elderly Americans have been known to migrate to Mexico for it’s affordable health careOnly through schemes like Mexico’s “Puebla to Panama” that Central America can take advantage of its geographical location and become a significant corridor on intercontinental globalization

9. “The Second World”If any country of Latin America represents a relative powerhouse as the united States does, it Is defiantly BrazilTaking up about half the continent with no pretensions to being a military power brazil’s role in the world is based entirely on its environmental resources and massive economyWith exports nearing $100 billion per year. Agriculture actually only accounts for 10 percent of Brazil’s economyThis status does not come at a cost as it has taken three revolutions for Brazil to become Latin America’s great power

10. Brazils domestic and incredibly diplomatic evolution separates it from any other Latin American country and prevails it as a natural leader of the worldHalf of Brazil’s exports actually now go to developing countries and boosts trade with all Chinese and Arab nations.

11. Latin American ArtBeyond the rich tradition of indigenous art, the development of Latin American visual art owed much to the influence of Spanish, Portuguese and French Baroque paintingAn important artistic movement generated in Latin America isMuralismrepresented in Mexico by:Diego Rivera