Western Civilization Their History and Their Culture by Joshua Cole, Carol Symes, Judith Coffin, Robert Stacey

1. MODERN INDUSTRY & MASS POLI
TICS
1870-1914
Taken from: Western Civilization Their History and Their Culture
Joshua Cole, Carol Symes, Judith Coffin, Robert Stacey

2. 01
02
03
04
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS
LABOR POLITICS, MASS MOVEMENTS
DEMANDING EQUALITY:
SUFFRAGE AND THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT
LIBERALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS: NATIONAL
POLITICS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY
05 THE SCIENCE AND SOUL OF
THE MODERN AGE

3. The discoveries of:
 Steel
 Electricity
 Chemical Industry
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
GLOBAL
TRANSFORMATIONS

4. NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
GLOBAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
 Changes in Scope and Scale
 Credit and Consumerism
 The Rise of the Corporation
 Global Economics

5. LABOR POLITICS,
MASS MOVEMENTS
- The Spread of Socialist Parties and Alternatives
The emergence of labor movements in Europe owed as much
to ideas as to social changes.

6. Demanding Equality: Suffrage and
The Women’s Movement
Conflicts over strategy peaked just before the First World War
Since the 1860s, the combination of working-class activism and liberal constitutionalism had
expanded male suffrage
As the suffragists saw it, enfranchisement meant not merely political progress but economic,
spiritual, and moral advancement as well
The number of middle-class women’s societies rapidly multiplied; some, such as the
German League of Women’s Voting Rights, established in 1902
Only a socialist revolution would free women from economic as well as political exploitation

7. REDEFINING WOMANHOOD
• In Britain, woman suffrage campaigns exploded in
violence. Millicent Fawcett, a distinguished middle-class
woman with connections to the political establishment,
brought together sixteen different organizations into the
National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (1897), committe
d to peaceful, constitutional reform.
• Swiss universities and medical schools began to
admit women in the 1860s.
• Changes in women’s employment began to deflate
the myth of female domesticity
• Reform movements of the early nineteenth century depende
d on women and raised women’s standing in public
• Their minds as free-thinking equals and to pursue political
goals—a right denied them as individual females.
• Changes in women’s roles

8. Liberalism and Its Discontents:
Politics at The Turn of The Century
France: The Third Republic
and The Paris Commune
The Dreyfus Affair and Anti-
Semitism as Politics
Zionism
Germany’s Search for
Imperial Unity
Britain: From Moderation to
Militance
Russia: The Road to
Revolution
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Nationalism and Imperial
Politics: The Balkans

9. -The Franco Prussian
War of 1870
- The Commune
- The power of popular
anti-Semitism in
France: Dreyfus Affair
(1890s)
- Economic issues
- Three stands of anti
Jewish thinking
- Dreyfus Affair
- Jewish outside the
Europe
Otto von Bismarck
united Germany by
constructing a federal
political system under
the banner of Prussia
n.
France: The Third
Republic
and The Paris Commune
The Dreyfus Affair
and Anti-Semitism as
Politics
Zionism Germany’s Search
for Imperial Unity

10. Benjamin Disraeli and the
Liberal William Gladstone
, dominated the new
parliamentary Politics and
believe about orderly and
workable system of
government
- The growth of industriali
zation
- The rapid gives the tensi
ons from the country to th
e city and radical political
group who wants moderni
ze Russia on it terms, not
by the West.
The Movement of
Young Turks
Britain: From Moderation
to Militance
Russia: The Road to
Revolution
Nationalism and
Imperial Politics: The
Balkans

11. THE SCIENCE AND SOUL OF THE MODERN AGE
- Nineteenth-century liberals believed in individualism, progress, and science
- Artists and intellectuals mounted their own revolt against nineteenth-century conve
ntions.
- Darwin’s theory of evolution introduced an unsettling new picture of human biology
, behavior, and society.
- Darwin traveled for five years as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle, a ship that had bee
n chartered for scientific exploration on a trip around the world.
- Darwin applied this theory of evolution not only to plant and animal species but als
o to humans
- Some progressive middle-class reformers relied on a similar set of racial assumption
s: their campaigns to improve the health and welfare of society played to fears that
Europe, though dominant, could move down the evolutionary ladder.
- The Russian physician Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) asserted that animal behavior could
be understood as a series of trained responses to physical stimuli.
- Known as “behaviorism,” this type of physiological psychology avoided vague conce
pts such as mind and consciousness, concentrating instead on the reaction of muscl
es, nerves glands, and visceral organs.
- Founded by the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), themdiscipline of p
sychoanalysis.

12. - The Roman Catholic Church responded to the encroachments of secular soc
iety by appealing to its dogma and venerated traditions
- The pope also convoked the fi rst church council since the Catholic Reformat
ion, which in 1871 pronounced the dogma of papal infallibility
- The death of Pius IX in 1878 and the accession of Pope Leo XIII, however, br
ought a more accommodating climate to the church
- The effect of various scientifi c and philosophical challenges on the men and
women who lived at the end of the nineteenth century cannot be measured
precisely
- The First Moderns: Innovations in Art. Early modernism was also distinguish
ed by a new understanding of the relationship between art and society.
- THE REVOLT ON CANVAS. Like most artistic movements, modernism defi ne
d itself in opposition to a set of earlier principles.
- The breadth and diversity of modern art defy simple categories and explana
tions.
THE SCIENCE AND SOUL OF
THE MODERN AGE

13. THANK YOU!
Any questions?