The presentation summarizes the project work done on "Seismic Analysis of Elevated Water Tank". Elevated water tanks are important structures that serve the function of supplying municipal water to the civil community. The stability of such structure is highly uncertain in the eve of earthquake. This project analyses the performance of such a structure in the eve of earthquake.
The project is done as a course requirement for undergraduate degree in May 2013. The degree in pursuit was "Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering" in National Institute of Technology in Tiruchirappalli (INDIA). The authors were in final year of the study during the making of the project.
This document is the Indian Standard (Part 1) for earthquake resistant design of structures. It provides general provisions and criteria for assessing earthquake hazards and designing buildings to resist earthquakes. Some key points:
- It defines seismic zones across India based on past earthquake intensities and establishes design response spectra for each zone.
- It provides minimum design forces for normal structures and notes that special structures may require more rigorous site-specific analysis.
- This revision includes changes such as defining design spectra to 6 seconds, specifying the same spectra for all building materials, including temporary structures, and provisions for irregular buildings and masonry infill walls.
- It establishes terminology used in earthquake engineering and references other relevant Indian Standards for
This document provides guidance on designing balanced cantilever bridges. It discusses:
1) Typical span configurations including 3 or more spans of varying lengths.
2) Construction sequence where segments are cast and cantilevered out from the preceding segment to form balanced cantilevers on both sides.
3) Design checks that are required at various construction stages and during service life, accounting for time-dependent effects like creep and shrinkage.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016: chapter 4.
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller: chapter 13.
The document discusses base isolation as an earthquake protection system. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and then defines base isolation as a system that uses flexible interfaces between a structure and its foundation to decouple the structure from ground motions during an earthquake. It describes various types of base isolation systems, including sliding and elastomeric bearing systems, and discusses considerations for implementing base isolation for structures. It provides an example of base isolation being used in a new hospital built after the collapse of a hospital during an earthquake in India.
This document introduces viscoelastic materials and classical damping models including the Maxwell, Kelvin-Voigt, and Zener models. It examines the creep, relaxation, and dynamic properties of each model. The Maxwell model describes the material as a spring and dashpot in series. The Kelvin-Voigt model uses a spring and dashpot in parallel. The Zener model combines features of the Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt models. Graphs show how the storage modulus and loss factor vary with frequency for each model.
This document discusses structure control systems used to protect structures from vibrations during earthquakes or strong winds. It describes traditional seismic design approaches and modern structural control methods. Structural control systems can be passive, active, semi-active, or hybrid. Passive systems like base isolation and dampers dissipate energy without external power. Active systems precisely control structural response using external actuation, while semi-active systems adjust properties using small power inputs. The document provides examples of different control devices and their operating principles.
This document provides information on industrial buildings, including their components and factors to consider in design. Key points include:
- Industrial buildings are used for manufacturing and storage by industries and include steel plants, warehouses, and factories.
- Site selection considers access, raw materials, utilities, land characteristics, and transportation.
- Major components include the roof, trusses, purlins, girts, bracing, and foundations.
- Design considerations cover roofing/wall materials, bay widths, structural framing, truss configurations, and bracing to resist lateral loads.
The presentation summarizes the project work done on "Seismic Analysis of Elevated Water Tank". Elevated water tanks are important structures that serve the function of supplying municipal water to the civil community. The stability of such structure is highly uncertain in the eve of earthquake. This project analyses the performance of such a structure in the eve of earthquake.
The project is done as a course requirement for undergraduate degree in May 2013. The degree in pursuit was "Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering" in National Institute of Technology in Tiruchirappalli (INDIA). The authors were in final year of the study during the making of the project.
This document is the Indian Standard (Part 1) for earthquake resistant design of structures. It provides general provisions and criteria for assessing earthquake hazards and designing buildings to resist earthquakes. Some key points:
- It defines seismic zones across India based on past earthquake intensities and establishes design response spectra for each zone.
- It provides minimum design forces for normal structures and notes that special structures may require more rigorous site-specific analysis.
- This revision includes changes such as defining design spectra to 6 seconds, specifying the same spectra for all building materials, including temporary structures, and provisions for irregular buildings and masonry infill walls.
- It establishes terminology used in earthquake engineering and references other relevant Indian Standards for
This document provides guidance on designing balanced cantilever bridges. It discusses:
1) Typical span configurations including 3 or more spans of varying lengths.
2) Construction sequence where segments are cast and cantilevered out from the preceding segment to form balanced cantilevers on both sides.
3) Design checks that are required at various construction stages and during service life, accounting for time-dependent effects like creep and shrinkage.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016: chapter 4.
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller: chapter 13.
The document discusses base isolation as an earthquake protection system. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and then defines base isolation as a system that uses flexible interfaces between a structure and its foundation to decouple the structure from ground motions during an earthquake. It describes various types of base isolation systems, including sliding and elastomeric bearing systems, and discusses considerations for implementing base isolation for structures. It provides an example of base isolation being used in a new hospital built after the collapse of a hospital during an earthquake in India.
This document introduces viscoelastic materials and classical damping models including the Maxwell, Kelvin-Voigt, and Zener models. It examines the creep, relaxation, and dynamic properties of each model. The Maxwell model describes the material as a spring and dashpot in series. The Kelvin-Voigt model uses a spring and dashpot in parallel. The Zener model combines features of the Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt models. Graphs show how the storage modulus and loss factor vary with frequency for each model.
This document discusses structure control systems used to protect structures from vibrations during earthquakes or strong winds. It describes traditional seismic design approaches and modern structural control methods. Structural control systems can be passive, active, semi-active, or hybrid. Passive systems like base isolation and dampers dissipate energy without external power. Active systems precisely control structural response using external actuation, while semi-active systems adjust properties using small power inputs. The document provides examples of different control devices and their operating principles.
This document provides information on industrial buildings, including their components and factors to consider in design. Key points include:
- Industrial buildings are used for manufacturing and storage by industries and include steel plants, warehouses, and factories.
- Site selection considers access, raw materials, utilities, land characteristics, and transportation.
- Major components include the roof, trusses, purlins, girts, bracing, and foundations.
- Design considerations cover roofing/wall materials, bay widths, structural framing, truss configurations, and bracing to resist lateral loads.
Pushover is a static-nonlinear analysis method where a structure is subjected to gravity loading and a monotonic displacement-controlled lateral load pattern which continuously increases through elastic and inelastic behavior until an ultimate condition is reached. Lateral load may represent the range of base shear induced by earthquake loading, and its configuration may be proportional to the distribution of mass along building height, mode shapes, or another practical means.
The static pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The expectation is that the pushover analysis will provide adequate information on seismic demands imposed by the design ground motion on the structural system and its components. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the basic concepts on which the pushover analysis can be based, assess the accuracy of pushover predictions, identify conditions under which the pushover will provide adequate information and, perhaps more importantly, identify cases in which the pushover predictions will be inadequate or even misleading.
Prestressing Concept, Materilas and Prestressing SystemLatif Hyder Wadho
The document discusses prestressing concepts and materials used in prestressed concrete. It describes how prestressing applies an initial compressive stress to concrete prior to service loads to improve strength and durability. Common prestressing materials include high-strength steel strands/wires, which are assembled into tendons and anchored internally or externally before or after concrete casting for pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. Grout is also discussed for transmitting stress between steel and concrete.
The document summarizes the design of a secant pile wall for an emergency dump pond (EDP). Key aspects include:
- The EDP requires a 40m diameter pond that is 13m deep for storage capacity.
- A secant pile wall was selected to provide vertical sides for cleaning, be close to other structures, and withstand soil conditions including boulders.
- The design considered geometric constraints, loading conditions, structural analysis models, and refined the pile size and spacing to ensure hoop stresses did not exceed allowable values.
- Two design conditions were analyzed - during excavation and after the pond was in operation with a slab installed.
- Through analysis and engineering judgement, the final design met
This document provides an overview of different seismic analysis methods for reinforced concrete buildings according to Indian code IS 1893-2002, including linear static, nonlinear static, linear dynamic, and nonlinear dynamic analysis. It describes the basic procedures for each analysis type and provides examples of how to calculate design seismic base shear, distribute seismic forces vertically and horizontally, and determine drift and overturning effects. Case studies are presented comparing the results of static and dynamic analysis for regular and irregular multi-storey buildings modeled in SAP2000.
Study on the effect of viscous dampers for RCC frame StructurePuneet Sajjan
1. The study analyzed the effect of adding viscous dampers to an 8-story reinforced concrete building modelled in ETABs software.
2. Dynamic analysis using response spectrum method showed that adding viscous dampers reduced displacement by up to 64%, story drift by up to 70%, and story shear by up to 30% compared to the model without dampers.
3. Viscous dampers work by dissipating energy through the flow of silicone-based fluid between piston-cylinder arrangements when the structure vibrates, reducing seismic loads on the building.
Cable Layout, Continuous Beam & Load Balancing MethodMd Tanvir Alam
This document provides information on cable layout and load balancing methods for prestressed concrete beams. It discusses layouts for simple, continuous, and cantilever beams. For simple beams, it describes layouts for pretensioned and post-tensioned beams, including straight, curved, and bent cable configurations. It also compares the load carrying capacities of simple and continuous beams. The document concludes by explaining the load balancing method for design, using examples of how to balance loads in simple, cantilever, and continuous beam configurations.
The document discusses the dynamic response of a 14-storey reinforced concrete frame building using base isolators. It aims to analyze the response of the building with and without base isolators, including lead rubber bearings and sliding bearings, under earthquake ground motions. The analysis is performed using the finite element software ETABS. The results show that base isolation is effective at reducing seismic responses like displacement, acceleration, base shear and storey drift compared to a fixed base building. PTFE isolators provide more reduction than LRB isolators in most responses. Irregularities in building plan and elevation also increase the response of a fixed base building.
Circular slabs are commonly used as roofs or floors with a circular plan, such as water tanks. They experience bending stresses in two perpendicular directions - radially and circumferentially. Reinforcement is provided as a mesh of bars with equal cross-sectional area in both directions. Near the edges, additional radial and circumferential reinforcement may be needed if edge stresses are significant. Circular slabs are analyzed based on elastic theory, and deflect into a saucer shape under uniform loads, developing tensile and compressive stresses on the convex and concave surfaces respectively. Reinforcement must be provided in both radial and circumferential directions near the convex surface.
This document summarizes a presentation on prestressed concrete. It begins with an introduction to prestressed concrete and how it overcomes weaknesses in concrete in tension. It then describes the principles of prestressing by inducing compressive stresses with high-strength tendons before loads are applied. The document compares reinforced concrete with prestressed concrete and describes the methods of pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. It provides examples of prestressed concrete structures like beams, bridges and discusses advantages like reduced size and increased spans as well as disadvantages like higher material costs.
Dampers are mechanical systems that dissipate earthquake energy by deforming or yielding. They absorb seismic energy, reducing forces on structures and controlling building oscillations. Common types include hydraulic dampers using fluid flow, electro-rheological fluid dampers using variable viscosity fluids, metallic dampers using hysteretic behavior of metals, steel dampers using frame deformation, and friction dampers using clamped friction surfaces. Shape memory alloys also dissipate energy through large strain recovery without damage. Dampers direct earthquake energy to dissipating devices within structures, transforming mechanical energy into heat.
This document provides an overview of the design of compression members (columns) in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses various types of columns based on reinforcement, loading conditions, and slenderness ratio. It describes the classification of columns as short or slender. The document also covers effective length, braced vs unbraced columns, codal provisions for reinforcement, and functions of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Key points include types of column reinforcement, minimum reinforcement requirements, cover requirements, and assumptions for the limit state of collapse under compression.
Deflection & cracking of RC structure(limit state method)gudtik
This document summarizes structural design considerations for deflection and cracking in reinforced concrete beams. It discusses:
1) How deflection occurs when a structure carries a load and guidelines for limiting deflection to prevent issues.
2) How cracking develops in concrete when tensile strength is exceeded from beam deflection.
3) Codal provisions for maximum allowable crack widths depending on exposure conditions.
4) Methods for controlling crack widths, including bar spacing and calculating crack widths.
5) Codal provisions for limiting span-to-depth ratios to control deflections.
6) How to calculate short-term and long-term deflections, including effects of creep and shrinkage.
This document discusses pushover analysis, which is an inelastic static analysis method used to evaluate seismic performance of structures. It begins by outlining the target performance levels dictated by codes, then provides an overview of current analysis methods and their limitations. Next, it describes the steps of a pushover analysis in detail, including defining member behavior, applying loads, specifying the load pattern, and incrementally forming plastic hinges. An example application to a 3-story frame structure is presented to demonstrate the process. The document concludes by emphasizing pushover analysis as a practical alternative to time history analysis for estimating seismic response.
This document discusses shear wall analysis and design. It defines shear walls as structural elements used in buildings to resist lateral forces through cantilever action. The document classifies different types of shear walls and discusses their behavior under seismic loading. It outlines the steps for designing shear walls, including reviewing layout, analyzing structural systems, determining design forces, and detailing reinforcement. The document emphasizes the importance of properly locating shear walls in a building to resist seismic loads and minimize torsional effects.
Report on Study on Base Isolation Techniques.Gaurav Mewara
Base Isolation technique is on of the advance technique used for construction of earthquake resisting sturcture.
All earthquake resisting structure are based on this technique.
This consit report on study of base isolation with its advantages disadvanges.
Dhruvin Goyani
M.Tech Structural
This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis
This document provides an overview of energy dissipation methods that can be used to enhance the seismic response of buildings. It discusses various passive, active, and base isolation systems that dissipate earthquake energy, reducing structural damage. Passive systems like metallic dampers, friction dampers, and viscous fluid dampers are effective in moderate seismic zones. Active control systems are preferred for taller, more flexible buildings. The document highlights examples of seismic protection systems used in real buildings, such as friction dampers, viscous dampers, and hybrid mass dampers.
Seismic Analysis of Framed R.C. Structure with Base Isolation Technique using...ijtsrd
A Natural Calamity like an earthquake has taken a million lives throughout in our past. The force induced due to earthquake is dangerous and last for short duration of time. There are various techniques that can be used resist the force of an earthquake such as base isolation, bracing etc. The principle of base isolation is to isolate the structure from the motion of an earthquake and protect the structure and also reduce the force being transmitted to the building due to earthquake. For this study, G 13 storied R.C. frame building is considered and time history analysis is carried out using E Tabs 2017 software, and also study investigates structural behavior of multi story building with or without base isolation subjected earthquake ground motion. The Lead Rubber Bearing LRB is designed as per UBC 97 code and the same was used for the analysis of base isolation system. Here we shall studying earthquake resistivity of structure by analyzing the base isolation structure to compare its structural performance with fixed base isolation. Rohan G Raikar | Dr. Shivakumaraswamy | Dr. S Vijaya | M. K Darshan "Seismic Analysis of Framed R.C. Structure with Base Isolation Technique using E-Tabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33166.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33166/seismic-analysis-of-framed-rc-structure-with-base-isolation-technique-using-etabs/rohan-g-raikar
Pushover is a static-nonlinear analysis method where a structure is subjected to gravity loading and a monotonic displacement-controlled lateral load pattern which continuously increases through elastic and inelastic behavior until an ultimate condition is reached. Lateral load may represent the range of base shear induced by earthquake loading, and its configuration may be proportional to the distribution of mass along building height, mode shapes, or another practical means.
The static pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The expectation is that the pushover analysis will provide adequate information on seismic demands imposed by the design ground motion on the structural system and its components. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the basic concepts on which the pushover analysis can be based, assess the accuracy of pushover predictions, identify conditions under which the pushover will provide adequate information and, perhaps more importantly, identify cases in which the pushover predictions will be inadequate or even misleading.
Prestressing Concept, Materilas and Prestressing SystemLatif Hyder Wadho
The document discusses prestressing concepts and materials used in prestressed concrete. It describes how prestressing applies an initial compressive stress to concrete prior to service loads to improve strength and durability. Common prestressing materials include high-strength steel strands/wires, which are assembled into tendons and anchored internally or externally before or after concrete casting for pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. Grout is also discussed for transmitting stress between steel and concrete.
The document summarizes the design of a secant pile wall for an emergency dump pond (EDP). Key aspects include:
- The EDP requires a 40m diameter pond that is 13m deep for storage capacity.
- A secant pile wall was selected to provide vertical sides for cleaning, be close to other structures, and withstand soil conditions including boulders.
- The design considered geometric constraints, loading conditions, structural analysis models, and refined the pile size and spacing to ensure hoop stresses did not exceed allowable values.
- Two design conditions were analyzed - during excavation and after the pond was in operation with a slab installed.
- Through analysis and engineering judgement, the final design met
This document provides an overview of different seismic analysis methods for reinforced concrete buildings according to Indian code IS 1893-2002, including linear static, nonlinear static, linear dynamic, and nonlinear dynamic analysis. It describes the basic procedures for each analysis type and provides examples of how to calculate design seismic base shear, distribute seismic forces vertically and horizontally, and determine drift and overturning effects. Case studies are presented comparing the results of static and dynamic analysis for regular and irregular multi-storey buildings modeled in SAP2000.
Study on the effect of viscous dampers for RCC frame StructurePuneet Sajjan
1. The study analyzed the effect of adding viscous dampers to an 8-story reinforced concrete building modelled in ETABs software.
2. Dynamic analysis using response spectrum method showed that adding viscous dampers reduced displacement by up to 64%, story drift by up to 70%, and story shear by up to 30% compared to the model without dampers.
3. Viscous dampers work by dissipating energy through the flow of silicone-based fluid between piston-cylinder arrangements when the structure vibrates, reducing seismic loads on the building.
Cable Layout, Continuous Beam & Load Balancing MethodMd Tanvir Alam
This document provides information on cable layout and load balancing methods for prestressed concrete beams. It discusses layouts for simple, continuous, and cantilever beams. For simple beams, it describes layouts for pretensioned and post-tensioned beams, including straight, curved, and bent cable configurations. It also compares the load carrying capacities of simple and continuous beams. The document concludes by explaining the load balancing method for design, using examples of how to balance loads in simple, cantilever, and continuous beam configurations.
The document discusses the dynamic response of a 14-storey reinforced concrete frame building using base isolators. It aims to analyze the response of the building with and without base isolators, including lead rubber bearings and sliding bearings, under earthquake ground motions. The analysis is performed using the finite element software ETABS. The results show that base isolation is effective at reducing seismic responses like displacement, acceleration, base shear and storey drift compared to a fixed base building. PTFE isolators provide more reduction than LRB isolators in most responses. Irregularities in building plan and elevation also increase the response of a fixed base building.
Circular slabs are commonly used as roofs or floors with a circular plan, such as water tanks. They experience bending stresses in two perpendicular directions - radially and circumferentially. Reinforcement is provided as a mesh of bars with equal cross-sectional area in both directions. Near the edges, additional radial and circumferential reinforcement may be needed if edge stresses are significant. Circular slabs are analyzed based on elastic theory, and deflect into a saucer shape under uniform loads, developing tensile and compressive stresses on the convex and concave surfaces respectively. Reinforcement must be provided in both radial and circumferential directions near the convex surface.
This document summarizes a presentation on prestressed concrete. It begins with an introduction to prestressed concrete and how it overcomes weaknesses in concrete in tension. It then describes the principles of prestressing by inducing compressive stresses with high-strength tendons before loads are applied. The document compares reinforced concrete with prestressed concrete and describes the methods of pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. It provides examples of prestressed concrete structures like beams, bridges and discusses advantages like reduced size and increased spans as well as disadvantages like higher material costs.
Dampers are mechanical systems that dissipate earthquake energy by deforming or yielding. They absorb seismic energy, reducing forces on structures and controlling building oscillations. Common types include hydraulic dampers using fluid flow, electro-rheological fluid dampers using variable viscosity fluids, metallic dampers using hysteretic behavior of metals, steel dampers using frame deformation, and friction dampers using clamped friction surfaces. Shape memory alloys also dissipate energy through large strain recovery without damage. Dampers direct earthquake energy to dissipating devices within structures, transforming mechanical energy into heat.
This document provides an overview of the design of compression members (columns) in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses various types of columns based on reinforcement, loading conditions, and slenderness ratio. It describes the classification of columns as short or slender. The document also covers effective length, braced vs unbraced columns, codal provisions for reinforcement, and functions of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Key points include types of column reinforcement, minimum reinforcement requirements, cover requirements, and assumptions for the limit state of collapse under compression.
Deflection & cracking of RC structure(limit state method)gudtik
This document summarizes structural design considerations for deflection and cracking in reinforced concrete beams. It discusses:
1) How deflection occurs when a structure carries a load and guidelines for limiting deflection to prevent issues.
2) How cracking develops in concrete when tensile strength is exceeded from beam deflection.
3) Codal provisions for maximum allowable crack widths depending on exposure conditions.
4) Methods for controlling crack widths, including bar spacing and calculating crack widths.
5) Codal provisions for limiting span-to-depth ratios to control deflections.
6) How to calculate short-term and long-term deflections, including effects of creep and shrinkage.
This document discusses pushover analysis, which is an inelastic static analysis method used to evaluate seismic performance of structures. It begins by outlining the target performance levels dictated by codes, then provides an overview of current analysis methods and their limitations. Next, it describes the steps of a pushover analysis in detail, including defining member behavior, applying loads, specifying the load pattern, and incrementally forming plastic hinges. An example application to a 3-story frame structure is presented to demonstrate the process. The document concludes by emphasizing pushover analysis as a practical alternative to time history analysis for estimating seismic response.
This document discusses shear wall analysis and design. It defines shear walls as structural elements used in buildings to resist lateral forces through cantilever action. The document classifies different types of shear walls and discusses their behavior under seismic loading. It outlines the steps for designing shear walls, including reviewing layout, analyzing structural systems, determining design forces, and detailing reinforcement. The document emphasizes the importance of properly locating shear walls in a building to resist seismic loads and minimize torsional effects.
Report on Study on Base Isolation Techniques.Gaurav Mewara
Base Isolation technique is on of the advance technique used for construction of earthquake resisting sturcture.
All earthquake resisting structure are based on this technique.
This consit report on study of base isolation with its advantages disadvanges.
Dhruvin Goyani
M.Tech Structural
This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis
This document provides an overview of energy dissipation methods that can be used to enhance the seismic response of buildings. It discusses various passive, active, and base isolation systems that dissipate earthquake energy, reducing structural damage. Passive systems like metallic dampers, friction dampers, and viscous fluid dampers are effective in moderate seismic zones. Active control systems are preferred for taller, more flexible buildings. The document highlights examples of seismic protection systems used in real buildings, such as friction dampers, viscous dampers, and hybrid mass dampers.
Seismic Analysis of Framed R.C. Structure with Base Isolation Technique using...ijtsrd
A Natural Calamity like an earthquake has taken a million lives throughout in our past. The force induced due to earthquake is dangerous and last for short duration of time. There are various techniques that can be used resist the force of an earthquake such as base isolation, bracing etc. The principle of base isolation is to isolate the structure from the motion of an earthquake and protect the structure and also reduce the force being transmitted to the building due to earthquake. For this study, G 13 storied R.C. frame building is considered and time history analysis is carried out using E Tabs 2017 software, and also study investigates structural behavior of multi story building with or without base isolation subjected earthquake ground motion. The Lead Rubber Bearing LRB is designed as per UBC 97 code and the same was used for the analysis of base isolation system. Here we shall studying earthquake resistivity of structure by analyzing the base isolation structure to compare its structural performance with fixed base isolation. Rohan G Raikar | Dr. Shivakumaraswamy | Dr. S Vijaya | M. K Darshan "Seismic Analysis of Framed R.C. Structure with Base Isolation Technique using E-Tabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33166.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33166/seismic-analysis-of-framed-rc-structure-with-base-isolation-technique-using-etabs/rohan-g-raikar
Analysis of Moment Resisting Reinforced Concrete Frames for Seismic Response ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis of moment resisting reinforced concrete frames to evaluate the seismic response reduction factor with and without dampers. It first provides background on earthquakes and the need to reduce vibration in structures. It then describes the use of passive energy dissipating devices like viscous and viscoelastic dampers to absorb energy during earthquakes. The study aims to analyze the seismic behavior of a G+8 building model with and without these dampers using software. The results show that when dampers are applied at alternate floors, the maximum displacement is reduced by 42% in one direction and displacement limits specified in codes are not exceeded. Therefore, it can be concluded that dampers improve the seismic performance of structures against earthquakes by increasing stability
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the dynamic response of different 11-story building structures subjected to earthquake ground motions, including:
1) A fixed-base structure; 2) A structure with rubber seismic bearings; and 3) A proposed folded cantilever shear structure (FCSS) with movable subframes supported by roller bearings and connected with additional viscous dampers.
Numerical models of each structure were analyzed under ground motions from past earthquakes. Results showed that seismic isolation generally reduced acceleration and displacement responses compared to the fixed-base structure.
Strengthening of R.C Framed Structure Using Energy Dissipating Devicespaperpublications3
Abstract: The Dampers which is added to the building scheme without any interruption to the present constituent of the building. In past days retrofitting structures are use full in the construction field however a good understanding of restraints involvement to increase the structure capacities and decreasing the seismic demand in specifically to the design process. In this work consider the energy dissipating devices for seismic strengthening of 5 stories concrete structure in this study involves viscous damping devices of V Type and Inverted V Type dampers with different effective stiffness, to prevent building damage or collapse in major earthquake.
This document discusses the concept of a structural fuse as a way to improve the earthquake resistance of buildings. A structural fuse works by concentrating damage in ductile elements called fuses, allowing those elements to yield and dissipate seismic energy from the earthquake. This protects the main structural elements like columns from excessive strain and damage. Specifically, the document focuses on using small vertical fuse bars near the base of a column. By yielding, the fuse bars are designed to absorb energy and allow rotation of the column, reducing fatigue. After an earthquake, only the easily replaceable fuse bars would need repair in order to restore the structure.
This document summarizes research on base isolated structures. It discusses how base isolation systems work to decouple structures from ground shaking during earthquakes by increasing the fundamental period. This period shift reduces floor accelerations and drift. Three elements of base isolation systems are identified: flexible mounts, dampers for energy dissipation, and means of providing rigidity under low loads. Literature on nonlinear analysis of base isolated buildings using various isolation systems like lead-rubber bearings and friction sliders is reviewed. Studies show base isolation significantly reduces seismic response like base shear, drift and accelerations compared to fixed base structures.
This document summarizes research testing the effectiveness of using variable stiffness springs for seismic protection of structures. Two numerical models of two-story buildings were created, one with a fixed base and one with pinned bases. Each model compared the response of a linear spring arrangement to a non-linear spring arrangement under sinusoidal and earthquake loading. The non-linear spring arrangement significantly reduced forces, moments, and accelerations during resonant sinusoidal loading and produced smaller reductions under earthquake loading. Additionally, the non-linear springs maintained elastic properties by returning the structure to its original position after loading. The research provides data on calibrating non-linear spring stiffness for seismic protection of structures.
The document discusses using linear fluid viscous dampers to dissipate seismic energy in steel structures, summarizing how the dampers work by resisting force through piston movement in viscous fluid according to velocity. A study is presented analyzing the seismic response of a 12-story steel building with diagonal fluid viscous dampers subjected to earthquake accelerations, finding the dampers significantly improve the structure's dissipative capacity and reduce necessary steel quantities.
Review on Viscoelastic Materials used in Viscoelastic DampersIRJET Journal
This document reviews viscoelastic materials used in viscoelastic dampers. Viscoelastic dampers are passive seismic control devices that dissipate energy through the shear deformation of viscoelastic materials. Different types of viscoelastic materials are discussed, including asphalt, rubber, polymers, and glassy substances. Each material has advantages and disadvantages for use in dampers. The document also reviews past research on viscoelastic damper modeling and the testing of dampers to characterize viscoelastic material properties like storage and loss moduli under different temperatures and frequencies.
Detailed investigation on Seismic response of linear and nonlinear symmetric ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses seismic response of linear and nonlinear symmetric and asymmetric building systems. It investigates using passive linear viscous dampers and nonlinear viscous dampers placed in a 20-story asymmetric building. Response quantities like displacement, velocity and acceleration are calculated for bidirectional seismic excitations. The analysis aims to determine ideal damper parameters and their effectiveness in reducing lateral-torsional response compared to an uncontrolled building. It also examines optimal damper locations in the multi-story building.
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Frame with L...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic performance of a 10-storey reinforced concrete frame with different lateral force resistant systems, including a base isolation system using lead rubber bearings. Three models of the frame were analyzed: fixed base, braced with X-bracing, and base isolated. Time history, static, and pushover analyses were conducted. The results show that the base isolated frame performed best in reducing story drift, displacement, shear, and acceleration under seismic loading compared to the fixed base and braced frames. Maximum drift was 0.415mm for the base isolated frame versus 26.62mm for the fixed base frame. The base shear was also significantly reduced from 2294.3kN to 32.935
Development of-new-control-techniques-for-vibration-isolation-of-structures-u...Cemal Ardil
The document discusses the development of new control techniques for vibration isolation of structures using smart materials. It summarizes previous research that showed isolation reduces acceleration and forces in structures but increases sliding displacement at low excitation frequencies. The paper then presents a study of a space frame structure on sliding bearings with a restoring force device. The results show the restoring force device reduces displacement of the structure and peak acceleration, bending moment, and base shear values compared to a structure without the device. The simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed isolation method.
Parametric Study of Elevated Water Tank with Metallic and Friction DamperIRJET Journal
The document discusses the seismic response of an elevated water tank with metallic and friction dampers through analytical investigation. Various seismic response parameters like base shear, base moment, time period, top staging displacement, and sloshing displacements are evaluated and compared for the tank with and without dampers under different ground motions. Metallic dampers like X-plate dampers and friction dampers are considered. Results show that both dampers are effective in reducing the seismic response of the tank, with metallic dampers providing better reduction in top staging displacement and sloshing displacement compared to friction dampers. The addition of dampers also reduces the time period of the tank.
The Rion-Antirion Bridge connects Greece across a strait prone to earthquakes. Its 2,252 meter long deck is suspended from four pylons by stay cables. To protect the bridge from seismic events, innovative energy dissipation systems were used, including viscous dampers and fuse restraints. Extensive testing of full-scale prototypes confirmed the design assumptions and behavior of the seismic protection system. The dampers and restraints limit deck movement during earthquakes while dissipating seismic energy. The fuse restraints fail under strong quakes, allowing the dampers to control deck oscillations. Similar systems isolate the approach viaducts from ground motions.
Earthquake response of modified folded cantilever shear structurewith fixIAEME Publication
This document describes a study that examines the earthquake response of a modified folded cantilever shear structure (FCSS) with fixed-movable-fixed sub-frames and additional viscous dampers. Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted to evaluate the structure's dynamic response with and without viscous dampers under different earthquake ground motions. The analyses found that the maximum displacements of the top and bottom floors were significantly reduced with the addition of viscous dampers. A reasonable agreement was obtained between the numerical analysis and shaking table test results.
SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF HYBRID STRUCTURAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN RC BUILDINGIRJET Journal
The document discusses seismic analysis of a hybrid structural control system for RC buildings that combines lead rubber bearing (LRB) seismic isolation and fluid viscous dampers (FVD). Finite element models of RC buildings with heights of 60m, 105m, and 150m were created with the isolators located at the base or one-fifth of the building height. Time history analyses were performed under three earthquake records to compare the structural response parameters between the fixed-base building and various structural control configurations. The analyses aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combining LRB isolation with FVD energy dissipation in reducing seismic demands on high-rise buildings.
SEISMIC PROTECTION OF RC FRAMES USING FRICTION DAMPERSIAEME Publication
The increasing infrastructural growth incurs large investments and large section of society
being served by them, it is necessary to make them safer against earthquakes and let people
feel confident in their structures. The need for structural response control has gained pace in
application around the globe. This paper discusses the use and effectiveness of one such
device, friction dampers, for response control of structures. In this paper a non-linear time
history analysis has been carried out on a 3D model of a 12 story RCC MRF building using 3-
directional synthetic accelerogram. Two different cases of building models with and without
friction dampers have been analyzed using ETABS. The response of the structure to seismic
excitation in terms of absolute maximum displacement and story drift has been compared.
Time history response plots have also been compared for various responses viz. roof
displacement and acceleration, base shear and story shear forces, along with the various
energy components and damping behavior. The results of the time history analysis are in close
conformation with previous investigations and represent the effectiveness of dampers in
improving the structural response as well as damping demand on structural systems.
This document discusses using friction dampers to improve the seismic protection of reinforced concrete frames. It presents the results of a nonlinear time history analysis comparing the response of a 12-story reinforced concrete moment frame building with and without friction dampers. The analysis found that using friction dampers reduced the building's maximum displacement and story drift in response to seismic excitation. It also decreased the roof displacement and acceleration, base shear, and story shear forces. The dampers improved the structural response and increased energy dissipation, confirming previous research on the effectiveness of friction dampers.
This literature review examines methods for creating earthquake-resistant buildings, including structural designs, reinforcing materials, and tuned mass dampers (TMDs). It finds that seismic base isolation can reduce vibrations and change a building's fundamental frequency. Reinforced concrete is less likely than other materials to sustain moderate or severe damage from earthquakes. Stainless reinforced steel is more ductile and durable than regular steel. TMDs can reduce a structure's displacement by 25% when the TMD mass is 5% of the building's mass. The review concludes that combining these methods can significantly reduce earthquake damage and create buildings capable of withstanding even the most destructive quakes.
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2. Content
Introduction
Vibration isolator
What is viscoelastic material
Damper configuration
Case study on VE for Building structure – Twin tower
Other uses
References
3. Introduction
Visco-elastic (VE) dampers have been successfully incorporated in a number of tall
buildings as a viable energy dissipating system to reduce wind and earthquake induced
motion of building structures.
This type of damper dissipates the building's mechanical energy by converting it into
heat and improving the overall performance of dynamically sensitive structures.
So main purpose of using VE damper to reduce the effect of earthquake vibration,
protect building from wind and cyclone and comfort for building occupants.
The twin towers of the World Trade Center Buildings in New York City and the
Columbia Sea First Building in Seattle in Washington are among the first buildings
which benefited from the installation of VE dampers.
4. What is Viscoelastic material (VE)
The material which exhibits viscous and elastic properties when undergoing
deformation i.e. have properties of both solid and fluid and comes in their original
shape after certain time of period.
Solid maintain shape, liquid contain shape of container under gravity
Model with spring (solid component) and dashpots (liquid component)
For example Living tissues and polymer exhibits viscoelastic behavior
So this VE damper work as vibration isolator in building structure
5. 2. Dashpot (Liquid)1. Springs(solid)
Stress is linearly proportional to strain
Parameter of spring E=constant
•Stress linearly proportional to time derivative of strain
•Parameter of linear dashpot : η
6. Vibration Isolator
Vibration are produced in mechanical system having unbalanced masses or forces. This vibrations are directly
transmitted to supports or foundation on which system is mounted.
This transmission of vibration to the foundation is undesirable hence, it is necessary to isolate the system from
foundation. This is called as vibration isolation
This undesirable effect can be reduced by using vibration isolation material like spring, rubber pads, this vibration
isolation is obtain by placing isolator material between vibrating body and supporting structure
There are two method of vibration isolation,
1. Passive vibration isolation – does not required external power supply ( VE comes under this method )
2. Active vibration isolation – required external power supply
7. Literature review
Sr. No. Author Major Contribution
1 Bo-Wun Huang et. al. (2016) FEA analysis of VE damper for Normal mode analysis and seismic
response analysis.
2 B. Samali et. al. (2014) Identified the factors affecting the performance and design of VE
damper.
3 Jenn-Shin Hawang (2015) Experimental study over simple RC building structure And VE Damper
RC building structure.
8. Viscoelastic Materials
reminder:
solids resist strain: F = k1 x
fluids resist rate of change of length: F = k2 d(x)/dt
spring
Young’s modulus
(stiffness)
dashpot
viscosity
most biomaterials (including bone) are viscoelastic
e
s
time
solid
e
s
fluid
e
s
viscoelastic
step
responses
viscoelastic materials may be modeled with springs and dashpots.
e.g. in series
= Maxwell Model
in parallel
= Voigt Model
9. Maxwell Model Voigt Model
s
e
spring
expands
dashpot
expands
spring
contracts
response
(constant
stress)
s
e
dashpot acts
as strut
acts as
spring
dashpot
relaxes
e
s
dashpot
acts as strut
acts as
spring
dashpot
relaxes
= stress
relaxation
curve
e
s
dashpot
acts as strut zero
stress
response
(constant
strain)
= damper
or low pass filter
10. Damper Configuration
Viscoelastic dampers are non-load-carrying elements and are designed such that part of the mechanical
energy of the building motion is transferred into heat, which results in a reduction of the amplitude of the
vibratory motion.
The medium in which this transfer of energy takes place is a viscoelastic material.
11. a. First is direct application of a viscoelastic layer to
the vibrating part such as plates and beams.
There are basically three methods of employing a
viscoelastic material as a damping medium.
Different VE damper configuration
b. The second type is an extension of the first, but by
adding another layer of a rigid material on top of the
viscoelastic part, a constraint layer is formed.
c. Double sandwich damper
12. Case study on – Building structure of twin tower
The viscoelastic damper was developed as part of the structural design for the twin towers of the
World Trade Center in New York City.
The selection, quantity, shape and location of the dampers was based on the dynamic analysis of
the towers and Each of the two towers employ approximately 10 000 viscoelastic dampers.
The dampers are distributed evenly throughout the building from the 10th to the 110th floor. They
are located between the lower chords of the horizontal trusses in and the columns of the outside
wall.
17. Other Uses-
In Automobiles - 1. Engine mounts
2. Shock absorber
3. Leaf spring
Gas supply lines
In jumping Robots
Used in biomedical application
18. References
C. Qin,W. Liu, and W.He, “Seismic response analysis of isolated nuclear power plants with friction damper
isolation system,” AASRI Procedia, vol. 7, pp. 26–31, 2015.
J. Pan, Y. Xu, F. Jin, and C. Zhang, “A unified approach for long-term behavior and seismic response of AAR-
affected concrete dams,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 63, pp. 193–202, 2014
R. Steinbuch, “Bionic optimization of the earthquake resistance of high buildings by tuned mass dampers,” Journal
of Bionic Engineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 335–344, 2016.
Bo-Wun Huang, Jao Kauang, Seismic analysis of a Viscoelastic damping isolator, vol 2015, article id 280625, 2015
B.Samali, K.C. Kwok, Use of viscoelastic damper in reducing wind and earth quake imduced motion of building
structures, vol 17, No. 9, pp 639-654, 2014