The present study deals with the assessment of
higher order theory of laminated beams under static
mechanical loads. The theory has been presented for general
lay-up of the laminate. The displacement field is expressed in
terms of only three primary displacement variables by
satisfying exactly the conditions of zero transverse shear stress
at the top and bottom and its continuity at layer interfaces.
The governing equations of motion and boundary conditions
are derived using virtual work. The number of primary
displacement unknowns is three, which is independent of the
number of layers and equal in number to the ones used in the
first order shear deformation theory. Higher order theory thus
preserves the computational advantage of an equivalent single
layer theory. The Third order theory and First order shear
deformation theory are assessed by comparison with the exact
two-dimensional elasticity solution of the simply-supported
beam. A theory is good only if it yields accurate results for all
kinds of loads and for any lay-up of the beam. For this purpose,
parametric studies for composite laminates and sandwich
beams are conducted.
First order shear deformation (FSDT) theory for laminated composite beams is used to study free vibration of
laminated composite beams, and finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain numerical solution of the
governing differential equations. Free vibration analysis of laminated beams with rectangular cross – section for
various combinations of end conditions is studied. To verify the accuracy of the present method, the frequency
parameters are evaluated and compared with previous work available in the literature. The good agreement with
other available data demonstrates the capability and reliability of the finite element method and the adopted beam
model used.
Application of CAD and SLA Method in Dental ProsthesisIDES Editor
Placement of dental implants requires precise
planning that accounts for anatomic limitations and
restorative goals. Diagnosis can be made with the assistance
of computerized tomographic scanning, but transfer of
planning to the surgical field is limited. Precise implant
placement no longer relies upon so called mental-navigation
but rather can be computer guided, based on a three
dimensional prosthetically directed plan. Recently, novel CAD/
CAM techniques such as stereolithographic rapid prototyping
have been developed to build surgical guides in an attempt to
improve precision of implant placement. The purpose of this
paper is to discuss the use of scanning equipments to transfer
clinically relevant prosthetic information which can be used
for fabrication of stereolithographic medical models and
surgical guides. The proposed method provides solid evidence
that computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies
may become a new avenue for custom-made dental implants
design, analysis, and production in the 21st century.
First order shear deformation (FSDT) theory for laminated composite beams is used to study free vibration of
laminated composite beams, and finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain numerical solution of the
governing differential equations. Free vibration analysis of laminated beams with rectangular cross – section for
various combinations of end conditions is studied. To verify the accuracy of the present method, the frequency
parameters are evaluated and compared with previous work available in the literature. The good agreement with
other available data demonstrates the capability and reliability of the finite element method and the adopted beam
model used.
Application of CAD and SLA Method in Dental ProsthesisIDES Editor
Placement of dental implants requires precise
planning that accounts for anatomic limitations and
restorative goals. Diagnosis can be made with the assistance
of computerized tomographic scanning, but transfer of
planning to the surgical field is limited. Precise implant
placement no longer relies upon so called mental-navigation
but rather can be computer guided, based on a three
dimensional prosthetically directed plan. Recently, novel CAD/
CAM techniques such as stereolithographic rapid prototyping
have been developed to build surgical guides in an attempt to
improve precision of implant placement. The purpose of this
paper is to discuss the use of scanning equipments to transfer
clinically relevant prosthetic information which can be used
for fabrication of stereolithographic medical models and
surgical guides. The proposed method provides solid evidence
that computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies
may become a new avenue for custom-made dental implants
design, analysis, and production in the 21st century.
The convergence and accuracy of the Dynamic Relaxation (DR) solutions for elastic
large deflection response are established by comparison with various exact and approximate
solutions. New numerical results are generated for uniformly loaded square laminated plates
which serve to quantify the effects of shear deformation, length to thickness ratio, number of
layers, material anisotropy and fiber orientation.
It was found that linear analysis seriously over predicts deflection of plates. The shear
deflection depends greatly on a number of factors such as length to thickness ratio, degree of
anisotropy and number of layers. As the degree of anisotropy increases, the plate becomes
stiffer and when it is greater than a critical value, the deflection becomes virtually
independent on the degree of anisotropy. It was also found that deflection of plates depends
on the angle of orientation of individual plies and the size of load applied.
Three dimensional static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded platesijmech
In this paper, static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded plates based on three dimensional theory of elasticity is investigated. Graded finite element method has been used to solve the problem. The effects of power law exponents on static behavior of a fully clamped 2D-FGM plate have been investigated. The model has been compared with result of a 1D-FGM plate for different boundary conditions, and it shows very good agreement.
Three dimensional static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded platesrtme
In this paper, static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded plates based on three dimensional
theory of elasticity is investigated. Graded finite element method has been used to solve the problem. The
effects of power law exponents on static behavior of a fully clamped 2D-FGM plate have been investigated.
The model has been compared with result of a 1D-FGM plate for different boundary conditions, and it
shows very good agreement
Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is presented for the geometrically nonlinear laterally loaded,
rectangular laminated plates. The analysis uses the Mindlin plate theory which accounts for transverse
shear deformation. A computer program has been compiled. The convergence and accuracy of the DR
solutions for elastic large deflection response are established by comparison with various exact and
approximate solutions. New numerical results are generated for uniformly loaded square laminated
plates which serve to quantify the effects of shear deformation, length to thickness ratio, number of
layers, material anisotropy and fiber orientation.
It was found that linear analysis seriously over predicts deflection of plates. The shear
deflection depends greatly on a number of factors such as length to thickness ratio, degree of
anisotropy and number of layers. As the degree of anisotropy increases, the plate becomes stiffer and
when it is greater than a critical value, the deflection becomes virtually independent on the degree of
anisotropy. It was also found that deflection of plates depends on the angle of orientation of individual
plies and the size of load applied.
First order orthotropic shear deformation equations for the nonlinear elastic bending response of rectangular plates are introduced. Their solution using a computer program based on finite differences implementation of the Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is outlined. The convergence and accuracy of the DR solutions for elastic large deflection response of isotropic, orthotropic, and laminated plates are established by comparison with various exact and approximate solutions. The present Dynamic Relaxation method (DR) coupled with finite differences method shows a fairly good agreement with other analytical and numerical methods used in the verification scheme.It was found that: The convergence and accuracy of the DR solution is dependent on several factors including boundary conditions, mesh size and type, fictitious densities, damping coefficients, time increment and applied load. Also, the DR large deflection program using uniform finite differences meshes can be employed in the analysis of different thicknesses for isotropic, orthotropic or laminated plates under uniform loads. All the comparison results for simply supported (SS4) edge conditions showed that deflection is almost dependent on the direction of the applied load or the arrangement of the layers
The determination of the stress distribution around Pin-Loaded Holes in Mechanically Fastened Joints is presented to the Engineering Department, University of Technology - Jamaica
A comprehensive literature review on different theories of laminated plates have been
reviewed and discussed thoroughly. It has been found that there are two main theories of
laminated plates which are known as linear and nonlinear theories. The two theories are
depending on the magnitude of deformation resulting from loading the given plates. The
difference between the two theories is that the deformations are small in the linear theory,
whereas they are finite or large in the nonlinear theory.
In comparisons between FEM and different numerical methods it has been found that
FEM can be considered of acceptable accuracy, and can also be applied to different
complicated geometries and shapes.
Reliability Analysis of the Sectional Beams Due To Distribution of Shearing S...researchinventy
This paper shows the results of the Reliability Analysis of the sectional beams due to distribution of Shear Stress. It is assumed that the load was uniformly distributed over the beam. It is discussed that the distribution of shear stress over the beam. It is discussed that the average shears stress and maximum shear stress across the section of the beam for Weibull distribution. The reliability analysis of distribution of shearing stresses over sectional beams is performed. Also it is derived that the hazard functions for these types of beams. Reliability comparison has also been done for the sectional beams. It is observed that the reliability of the beam decreased when the width (b) of the beam decreases, and the load (F) is high. The reliability of the beam is increased when the height (h) of the triangular section increases , diameter(d) of the circular beam is increased and parameter 푘 decreasses
DAMPED VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMIAEME Publication
In this research the natural frequency of composite simply supported beam (steel +cast iron),with and without cracks at three different locations namely at 22cm ,44cm,and 66cm is investigated experimentally using universal vibration apparatus.
Abstract In the last decades the composites have been widely used in the construction, automobile and aerospace industries. Among them,
Natural fiber composites are emerging as low cost, lightweight and superior alternatives to synthetic fiber composites. This study
related to the development of bio-degradable composites using Epoxy resin and Sisal/Jute fibers. The fibers are chemically
treated at different percentages of NaOH i.e.,3%, 6% and 9%. Tensile and flexural strength of the composites were determined
using UTM. The natural frequencies of the cantilever composite beam were determined analytically using Euler’s theory and
numerically using Ansys 15.0. From the results, the results agree close to each other.
Keywords: Sisal Fiber, Jute Fiber, Alkali Treatment, Modal Analysis.
The convergence and accuracy of the Dynamic Relaxation (DR) solutions for elastic
large deflection response are established by comparison with various exact and approximate
solutions. New numerical results are generated for uniformly loaded square laminated plates
which serve to quantify the effects of shear deformation, length to thickness ratio, number of
layers, material anisotropy and fiber orientation.
It was found that linear analysis seriously over predicts deflection of plates. The shear
deflection depends greatly on a number of factors such as length to thickness ratio, degree of
anisotropy and number of layers. As the degree of anisotropy increases, the plate becomes
stiffer and when it is greater than a critical value, the deflection becomes virtually
independent on the degree of anisotropy. It was also found that deflection of plates depends
on the angle of orientation of individual plies and the size of load applied.
Three dimensional static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded platesijmech
In this paper, static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded plates based on three dimensional theory of elasticity is investigated. Graded finite element method has been used to solve the problem. The effects of power law exponents on static behavior of a fully clamped 2D-FGM plate have been investigated. The model has been compared with result of a 1D-FGM plate for different boundary conditions, and it shows very good agreement.
Three dimensional static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded platesrtme
In this paper, static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded plates based on three dimensional
theory of elasticity is investigated. Graded finite element method has been used to solve the problem. The
effects of power law exponents on static behavior of a fully clamped 2D-FGM plate have been investigated.
The model has been compared with result of a 1D-FGM plate for different boundary conditions, and it
shows very good agreement
Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is presented for the geometrically nonlinear laterally loaded,
rectangular laminated plates. The analysis uses the Mindlin plate theory which accounts for transverse
shear deformation. A computer program has been compiled. The convergence and accuracy of the DR
solutions for elastic large deflection response are established by comparison with various exact and
approximate solutions. New numerical results are generated for uniformly loaded square laminated
plates which serve to quantify the effects of shear deformation, length to thickness ratio, number of
layers, material anisotropy and fiber orientation.
It was found that linear analysis seriously over predicts deflection of plates. The shear
deflection depends greatly on a number of factors such as length to thickness ratio, degree of
anisotropy and number of layers. As the degree of anisotropy increases, the plate becomes stiffer and
when it is greater than a critical value, the deflection becomes virtually independent on the degree of
anisotropy. It was also found that deflection of plates depends on the angle of orientation of individual
plies and the size of load applied.
First order orthotropic shear deformation equations for the nonlinear elastic bending response of rectangular plates are introduced. Their solution using a computer program based on finite differences implementation of the Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is outlined. The convergence and accuracy of the DR solutions for elastic large deflection response of isotropic, orthotropic, and laminated plates are established by comparison with various exact and approximate solutions. The present Dynamic Relaxation method (DR) coupled with finite differences method shows a fairly good agreement with other analytical and numerical methods used in the verification scheme.It was found that: The convergence and accuracy of the DR solution is dependent on several factors including boundary conditions, mesh size and type, fictitious densities, damping coefficients, time increment and applied load. Also, the DR large deflection program using uniform finite differences meshes can be employed in the analysis of different thicknesses for isotropic, orthotropic or laminated plates under uniform loads. All the comparison results for simply supported (SS4) edge conditions showed that deflection is almost dependent on the direction of the applied load or the arrangement of the layers
The determination of the stress distribution around Pin-Loaded Holes in Mechanically Fastened Joints is presented to the Engineering Department, University of Technology - Jamaica
A comprehensive literature review on different theories of laminated plates have been
reviewed and discussed thoroughly. It has been found that there are two main theories of
laminated plates which are known as linear and nonlinear theories. The two theories are
depending on the magnitude of deformation resulting from loading the given plates. The
difference between the two theories is that the deformations are small in the linear theory,
whereas they are finite or large in the nonlinear theory.
In comparisons between FEM and different numerical methods it has been found that
FEM can be considered of acceptable accuracy, and can also be applied to different
complicated geometries and shapes.
Reliability Analysis of the Sectional Beams Due To Distribution of Shearing S...researchinventy
This paper shows the results of the Reliability Analysis of the sectional beams due to distribution of Shear Stress. It is assumed that the load was uniformly distributed over the beam. It is discussed that the distribution of shear stress over the beam. It is discussed that the average shears stress and maximum shear stress across the section of the beam for Weibull distribution. The reliability analysis of distribution of shearing stresses over sectional beams is performed. Also it is derived that the hazard functions for these types of beams. Reliability comparison has also been done for the sectional beams. It is observed that the reliability of the beam decreased when the width (b) of the beam decreases, and the load (F) is high. The reliability of the beam is increased when the height (h) of the triangular section increases , diameter(d) of the circular beam is increased and parameter 푘 decreasses
DAMPED VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMIAEME Publication
In this research the natural frequency of composite simply supported beam (steel +cast iron),with and without cracks at three different locations namely at 22cm ,44cm,and 66cm is investigated experimentally using universal vibration apparatus.
Abstract In the last decades the composites have been widely used in the construction, automobile and aerospace industries. Among them,
Natural fiber composites are emerging as low cost, lightweight and superior alternatives to synthetic fiber composites. This study
related to the development of bio-degradable composites using Epoxy resin and Sisal/Jute fibers. The fibers are chemically
treated at different percentages of NaOH i.e.,3%, 6% and 9%. Tensile and flexural strength of the composites were determined
using UTM. The natural frequencies of the cantilever composite beam were determined analytically using Euler’s theory and
numerically using Ansys 15.0. From the results, the results agree close to each other.
Keywords: Sisal Fiber, Jute Fiber, Alkali Treatment, Modal Analysis.
ANALYSIS FOR FREE VIBRATION OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE & SANDWICH PLATES WITH THE...IAEME Publication
This paper present the analytical solution for free vibration of Laminated composite and sandwich plates with the help of Euler-Lagrange Equation based on first order shear deformation theory to analytical formulations and solution to the natural frequency, analysis of simply supported
composite and sandwich plates on compared to obtained results, non dimensionalized fundamental frequencies.
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Free Vibration Analysis of Polyproplyne- Nanoclay Composite Beam with CrackIJMER
Vibration analysis is one of the most promising techniques to detect the crack. In this paper, Poly Propylene - Nano Clay is analyzed for it’s free vibration. The proposed composite beam is modeled with crack. Analysis is done by using Finite element package ANSYS-14.5. The Nano Clay in composite is varied from 0 to 15 percentage (0,1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15) and crack depth to width ratios are chosen as, 0,0.25,0.5,0.8. Impact of varying percentage of NC and varying crack depths on natural frequency are
analyzed using free vibration analysis.
First order orthotropic shear deformation equations for the linear elastic bending response of rectangular
plates are introduced. Their solution using a computer program in FORTRAN language based on finite differences
implementation of the Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is outlined. The convergence and accuracy of the DR
solutions for elastic linear response of isotropic, orthotropic, and laminated plates are established by comparison with
various exact and approximate solutions. The present Dynamic Relaxation method (DR) coupled with Finite
Differences method (FD) shows a fairly good agreement with other analytical and numerical methods used in the
present study. It was found that the DR linear theory program using uniform meshes can be employed in the analysis
of different thicknesses and length to side ratios for isotropic, orthotropic and laminated fibrous plates under uniform
loads in a fairly good accuracy. These comparisons show that the type of mesh used (i.e. uniform or graded) is
responsible for the considerable variations in the mid – side and corner stress resultants. It is found that the
convergence of the DR solution depends on several factors including boundary conditions, meshes size, fictitious
densities and applied load. It is also found that the DR linear theory can be employed with less accuracy in the
analysis of moderately thick and flat isotropic, orthotropic or laminated plates under uniform loads. It is also found
that the deflection of the plate becomes of an acceptable value when the length to thickness ratio decreases. For
simply supported (SS1) edge conditions, all the comparison results confirmed that deflection depends on the direction
of the applied load and the arrangement of the layers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study on Transverse Displacement in Composite Laminated Plates across Thickne...IOSRJMCE
: In this paper main focus is given on alternative ways of thermal load applied through the thickness of laminated composite plate. Research has assumed gradient or constant thermal profile along the thickness of the plate. Laminated composite is a complex material therefore assumed loading profiles may not obey the gradient or constant thermal profile path therefore, as a research in all total 10 thermal profiles are studied. The results in tabular and graphical forms are presented along with discussion. First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FOST) is used for analysis. Various quantities, namely in plane as well as transverse displacements and stresses are obtained when thermal load is applied in various orientations along the thickness of the plate. Main focus in this article is analysis of transverse shear displacement and results are presented in tabular and graphical form.
Effect of Piezoelectric Layer on Beam Parameters using Zigzag TheoryIDES Editor
An efficient higher order theory is presented for
static analysis of multilayered composite beams with
piezoelectric layers embedded or bonded to the surface, under
static electromechanical load. In this theory, the in-plane
displacement field is taken as a combination of a layer-wise
linear variation and a cubic variation across the thickness.
Transverse normal strains are neglected. The electric field is
also approximated as piecewise linear across the sub layers.
The displacement field is expressed in terms of only three
primary displacement variables excluding electric potential
variables by enforcing the conditions of zero transverse shear
stress at top and bottom of the beam and its continuity at layer
interfaces under general electromechanical loading. The effect
of thickness of the piezo-layer is observed for various loading
conditions. Also, the effect of beam lay-up on various
parameters is studied.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CENTER CRACKED FINITE PLATE SUBJECTED TO UNIFO...IAEME Publication
The study of crack behavior in a plate is a considerable importance in the design to avoid the failure. This paper deals with investigation of stress intensity factor, Von-Misesstress (ϬVon-mises),natural frequency, mode shape and the effect of excitation frequency on the finite center cracked plate subjected to uniform tensile loading depends on the assumptions of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and plane strain problem.
Analysis of Crack Severity on Power Density Increment of GearsIDES Editor
Helical gears are commonly used in industry as
they have advantages of higher power density, quieter
operation etc., compared to spur gears. Conventional gear
design is based on various design criteria, including durability
and bending strength load rating. In recent times, fracture
failure modes are gaining importance in addition to
conventional failure modes. Stresses due to operating fatigue
loads and internal residual stresses can cause fatigue fracture
failure on the surface, sub-surface of gear flanks or at tooth
root of gears. During gear design, various parameters are
optimized, and one such parameter is the helix angle that is
optimized for power density and gear noise. However, effect of
possible defects (voids and inclusions) in the gear tooth is not
usually considered in these calculations. This paper is a study
on severity of defects in a gear blank relative to power density
increment. Three different gear geometries (spur and helical
gears with two different helix angles) each with similar defects
are considered. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to
analyze Tooth Interior Fracture (TIF), and study variation of
Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) with crack size and helix angle.
It is seen that power density increment of a common gear
blank through helix angle increment poses a higher risk of
crack severity, as the same gear blank is exposed to higher
operating loads.
Peculiarities of irrecoverable straining in stress-drop testIJERA Editor
The paper concerns with analytical description of the phenomena observed in stress drop tests, namely, negative increment in plastic and creep deformation due to the sudden decrease in the acting stresses while the net stress remains positive. The model is developed in terms of the synthetic theory of irrecoverable deformation which has been generalized by introducing interplay between the deformation properties of material in the direction of acting load and opposite to it.
Similar to Modeling and Analysis of Laminated Composite Beams using Higher Order Theory (20)
Power System State Estimation - A ReviewIDES Editor
The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive
survey on power system state estimation techniques. The
algorithms used for finding the system states under both static
and dynamic state estimations are discussed in brief. The
authors are opinion that the scope of pursuing research in the
area of state estimation with PMU and SCADA measurements
is the state of the art and timely.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
Reactive Power Planning is a major concern in the
operation and control of power systems This paper compares
the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and
New Improved Differential Evolution (NIMDE) to solve
Reactive Power Planning (RPP) problem incorporating
FACTS Controllers like Static VAR Compensator (SVC),
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Unified
power flow controller (UPFC) considering voltage stability.
With help of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI), the critical
lines and buses are identified to install the FACTS controllers.
The optimal settings of the control variables of the generator
voltages,transformer tap settings and allocation and parameter
settings of the SVC,TCSC,UPFC are considered for reactive
power planning. The test and Validation of the proposed
algorithm are conducted on IEEE 30–bus system and 72-bus
Indian system.Simulation results shows that the UPFC gives
better results than SVC and TCSC and the FACTS controllers
reduce the system losses.
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
of proposed optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Power
System Stabilizer (PID-PSS) and Static Var Compensator
(SVC)-based controllers are thoroughly investigated in this
paper. This study presents robust tuning of PID-PSS and
SVC-based controllers using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in
multi machine power systems by considering detailed model
of the generators (model 1.1). The effectiveness of FACTSbased
controllers in general and SVC-based controller in
particular depends upon their proper location. Modal
controllability and observability are used to locate SVC–based
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers is
compared with conventional lead-lag power system stabilizer
(CPSS) and demonstrated on 10 machines, 39 bus New England
test system. Simulation studies show that the proposed genetic
based PID-PSS with SVC based controller provides better
performance.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
can be made more flexible by the use of recent developments
in power electronic and computing control technology. The
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a Flexible AC
transmission system (FACTS) device that can control all the
three system variables namely line reactance, magnitude and
phase angle difference of voltage across the line. The UPFC
provides a promising means to control power flow in modern
power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
control setting achievable through a power flow analysis
program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
requirements by developing a Newton-Raphson based load
flow calculation through which control settings of UPFC can
be determined for the pre-specified power flow between the
lines. The proposed method keeps Newton-Raphson Load Flow
(NRLF) algorithm intact and needs (little modification in the
Jacobian matrix). A MATLAB program has been developed to
calculate the control settings of UPFC and the power flow
between the lines after the load flow is converged. Case studies
have been performed on IEEE 5-bus system and 14-bus system
to show that the proposed method is effective. These studies
indicate that the method maintains the basic NRLF properties
such as fast computational speed, high degree of accuracy and
good convergence rate.
Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
stress concentration, it also causes the stress variation in the
rest of the dam cross section. The gravity method of the analysis
does not consider the size of opening and the elastic property
of dam material. Thus the objective of study is comprises of
the Finite Element Method which considers the size of
opening, elastic property of material, and stress distribution
because of geometric discontinuity in cross section of dam.
Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
in dam which results in the failure of dam. Hence it is
necessary to analyses large opening inside the dam. By making
the percentage area of opening constant and varying size and
shape of opening the analysis is carried out. For this purpose
a section of Koyna Dam is considered. Dam is defined as a
plane strain element in FEM, based on geometry and loading
condition. Thus this available information specified our path
of approach to carry out 2D plane strain analysis. The results
obtained are then compared mutually to get most efficient
way of providing large opening in the gravity dam.
Assessing Uncertainty of Pushover Analysis to Geometric ModelingIDES Editor
Pushover Analysis a popular tool for seismic
performance evaluation of existing and new structures and is
nonlinear Static procedure where in monotonically increasing
loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable
to resist the further load .During the analysis, whatever the
strength of concrete and steel is adopted for analysis of
structure may not be the same when real structure is
constructed and the pushover analysis results are very sensitive
to material model adopted, geometric model adopted, location
of plastic hinges and in general to procedure followed by the
analyzer. In this paper attempt has been made to assess
uncertainty in pushover analysis results by considering user
defined hinges and frame modeled as bare frame and frame
with slab modeled as rigid diaphragm and results compared
with experimental observations. Uncertain parameters
considered includes the strength of concrete, strength of steel
and cover to the reinforcement which are randomly generated
and incorporated into the analysis. The results are then
compared with experimental observations.
Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This paper is an attempt to base on auctions which
presents a frame work for the secure multi-party decision
protocols. In addition to the implementations which are very
light weighted, the main focus is on synchronizing security
features for avoiding agreements manipulations and reducing
the user traffic. Through this paper one can understand that
this different auction protocols on top of the frame work can
be collaborated using mobile devices. This paper present the
negotiation between auctioneer and the proffered and this
negotiation shows that multiparty security is far better than
the existing system.
Selfish Node Isolation & Incentivation using Progressive ThresholdsIDES Editor
The problems associated with selfish nodes in
MANET are addressed by a collaborative watchdog approach
which reduces the detection time for selfish nodes thereby
improves the performance and accuracy of watchdogs[1]. In
the related works they make use of credit based systems, reputation
based mechanisms, pathrater and watchdog mechanism
to detect such selfish nodes. In this paper we follow an approach
of collaborative watchdog which reduces the detection
time for selfish nodes and also involves the removal of such
selfish nodes based on some progressively assessed thresholds.
The threshold gives the nodes a chance to stop misbehaving
before it is permanently deleted from the network.
The node passes through several isolation processes before it
is permanently removed. Another version of AODV protocol
is used here which allows the simulation of selfish nodes in
NS2 by adding or modifying log files in the protocol.
Various OSI Layer Attacks and Countermeasure to Enhance the Performance of WS...IDES Editor
Wireless sensor networks are networks having non
wired infrastructure and dynamic topology. In OSI model each
layer is prone to various attacks, which halts the performance
of a network .In this paper several attacks on four layers of
OSI model are discussed and security mechanism is described
to prevent attack in network layer i.e wormhole attack. In
Wormhole attack two or more malicious nodes makes a covert
channel which attracts the traffic towards itself by depicting a
low latency link and then start dropping and replaying packets
in the multi-path route. This paper proposes promiscuous mode
method to detect and isolate the malicious node during
wormhole attack by using Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
routing protocol (AODV) with omnidirectional antenna. The
methodology implemented notifies that the nodes which are
not participating in multi-path routing generates an alarm
message during delay and then detects and isolate the
malicious node from network. We also notice that not only
the same kind of attacks but also the same kind of
countermeasures can appear in multiple layer. For example,
misbehavior detection techniques can be applied to almost all
the layers we discussed.
Responsive Parameter based an AntiWorm Approach to Prevent Wormhole Attack in...IDES Editor
The recent advancements in the wireless technology
and their wide-spread deployment have made remarkable
enhancements in efficiency in the corporate and industrial
and Military sectors The increasing popularity and usage of
wireless technology is creating a need for more secure wireless
Ad hoc networks. This paper aims researched and developed
a new protocol that prevents wormhole attacks on a ad hoc
network. A few existing protocols detect wormhole attacks but
they require highly specialized equipment not found on most
wireless devices. This paper aims to develop a defense against
wormhole attacks as an Anti-worm protocol which is based on
responsive parameters, that does not require as a significant
amount of specialized equipment, trick clock synchronization,
no GPS dependencies.
Cloud Security and Data Integrity with Client Accountability FrameworkIDES Editor
The Cloud based services provide much efficient
and seamless ways for data sharing across the cloud. The fact
that the data owners no longer possess data makes it very
difficult to assure data confidentiality and to enable secure
data sharing in the cloud. Despite of all its advantages this
will remain a major limitation that acts as a barrier to the
wider deployment of cloud based services. One of the possible
ways for ensuring trust in this aspect is the introduction of
accountability feature in the cloud computing scenario. The
Cloud framework requires promotion of distributed
accountability for such dynamic environment[1]. In some
works, there‘s an accountable framework suggested to ensure
distributed accountability for data sharing by the generation
of only a log of data access, but without any embedded feedback
mechanism for owner permission towards data
protection[2].The proposed system is an enhanced client
accountability framework which provides an additional client
side verification for each access towards enhanced security of
data. The integrity of content of data which resides in the
cloud service provider is also maintained by secured
outsourcing. Besides, the authentication of JAR(Java Archive)
files are done to ensure file protection and to maintain a safer
environment for data sharing. The analysis of various
functionalities of the framework depicts both the
accountability and security feature in an efficient manner.
Genetic Algorithm based Layered Detection and Defense of HTTP BotnetIDES Editor
A System state in HTTP botnet uses HTTP protocol
for the creation of chain of Botnets thereby compromising
other systems. By using HTTP protocol and port number 80,
attacks can not only be hidden but also pass through the
firewall without being detected. The DPR based detection
leads to better analysis of botnet attacks [3]. However, it
provides only probabilistic detection of the attacker and also
time consuming and error prone. This paper proposes a Genetic
algorithm based layered approach for detecting as well as
preventing botnet attacks. The paper reviews p2p firewall
implementation which forms the basis of filtering.
Performance evaluation is done based on precision, F-value
and probability. Layered approach reduces the computation
and overall time requirement [7]. Genetic algorithm promises
a low false positive rate.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
in cloud computing data storage is a significant issue
because the entire data reside over a set of interconnected
resource pools that enables the data to be accessed through
virtual machines. It moves the application software’s and
databases to the large data centers where the management of
data is actually done. As the resource pools are situated over
various corners of the world, the management of data and
services may not be fully trustworthy. So, there are various
issues that need to be addressed with respect to the
management of data, service of data, privacy of data, security
of data etc. But the privacy and security of data is highly
challenging. To ensure privacy and security of data-at-rest in
cloud computing, we have proposed an effective and a novel
approach to ensure data security in cloud computing by means
of hiding data within images following is the concept of
steganography. The main objective of this paper is to prevent
data access from cloud data storage centers by unauthorized
users. This scheme perfectly stores data at cloud data storage
centers and retrieves data from it when it is needed.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
Permutation of Pixels within the Shares of Visual Cryptography using KBRP for...IDES Editor
The security of authentication of internet based
co-banking services should not be susceptible to high risks.
The passwords are highly vulnerable to virus attacks due to
the lack of high end embedding of security methods. In order
for the passwords to be more secure, people are generally
compelled to select jumbled up character based passwords
which are not only less memorable but are also equally prone
to insecurity. Multiple use of distributed shares has been
studied to solve the problem of authentication by algorithms
based on thresholding of pixels in image processing and visual
cryptography concepts where the subset of shares is considered
for the recovery of the original image for authentication using
correlation function[1][2].The main disadvantage in the above
study is the plain storage of shares and also one of the shares
is being supplied to the customer, which will lead to the
possibility of misuse by a third party. This paper proposes a
technique for scrambling of pixels by key based random
permutation (KBRP) within the shares before the
authentication has been attempted. Total number of shares to
be created is dependent on the multiplicity of ownership of
the account. By this method the problem of uncertainty among
the customers with regard to security, storage, retrieval of
holding of half of the shares is minimized.
This paper presents a trifocal Rotman Lens Design
approach. The effects of focal ratio and element spacing on
the performance of Rotman Lens are described. A three beam
prototype feeding 4 element antenna array working in L-band
has been simulated using RLD v1.7 software. Simulated
results show that the simulated lens has a return loss of –
12.4dB at 1.8GHz. Beam to array port phase error variation
with change in the focal ratio and element spacing has also
been investigated.
Band Clustering for the Lossless Compression of AVIRIS Hyperspectral ImagesIDES Editor
Hyperspectral images can be efficiently compressed
through a linear predictive model, as for example the one
used in the SLSQ algorithm. In this paper we exploit this
predictive model on the AVIRIS images by individuating,
through an off-line approach, a common subset of bands, which
are not spectrally related with any other bands. These bands
are not useful as prediction reference for the SLSQ 3-D
predictive model and we need to encode them via other
prediction strategies which consider only spatial correlation.
We have obtained this subset by clustering the AVIRIS bands
via the clustering by compression approach. The main result
of this paper is the list of the bands, not related with the
others, for AVIRIS images. The clustering trees obtained for
AVIRIS and the relationship among bands they depict is also
an interesting starting point for future research.
Microelectronic Circuit Analogous to Hydrogen Bonding Network in Active Site ...IDES Editor
A microelectronic circuit of block-elements
functionally analogous to two hydrogen bonding networks is
investigated. The hydrogen bonding networks are extracted
from â-lactamase protein and are formed in its active site.
Each hydrogen bond of the network is described in equivalent
electrical circuit by three or four-terminal block-element.
Each block-element is coded in Matlab. Static and dynamic
analyses are performed. The resultant microelectronic circuit
analogous to the hydrogen bonding network operates as
current mirror, sine pulse source, triangular pulse source as
well as signal modulator.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.