Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the chemical reaction of 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy yielding C6H12O6 + 6O2. Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy through the chemical reaction of C6H12O6 + 6O2 yielding 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy. In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting substances and products are the substances formed.

1. Definition: In photosynthesis,
light energy is used to change
Photosynthesis light energy into chemical energy
(sugar or C6H12O6).
The chemical reaction is 6CO2
+6H2O) in the presence of light
produces C6H12O6 and 6O2
Illustration/example:

2. Definition: The process by
Cellular which organisms break
Respiration down food (sugars) to
release energy. Respiration
occurs in all plant and
animal cells in the
mitochondria.
Illustration/example:
Plants carryout photosynthesis
in the chloroplasts and cellular
respiration in the mitochondria.
The chemical formula for
respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O +
6CO2 + energy
Glucose + Oxygen produces
water + carbon dioxide +
energy

3. Definition: The substances
that are present at the start
Reactants
of a chemical reaction. All
atoms must be accounted
for in a chemical reaction.
Illustration/example:
Reactants Products

4. Definition: A substance that
is formed as a result of a
Products
chemical reaction. It is
formed by the joining of two
or more reactants.
Illustration/example:
Reactants Products

5. Definition: Specialized cells that
control the opening and closing
Leaf: Guard
of the stoma (opening in the leaf).
Cells
Guard cells regulate the rate at
which gases and water vapor
enter and leave the leaf
Illustration/example:

6. Definition: Openings on a leaf
Leaf: that allows for the exchange of
Stoma/Stomata gases and water vapor.
Illustration/example:

7. Definition: A layer of long cells
Leaf: Palisades just under the epidermis of a leaf
Layer that are full of chloroplasts. Most
of the leaf’s photosynthesis
occurs in this layer of cells.
Illustration/example:
Palisades Layer

8. Definition: A layer of loosely
Leaf: Spongy packed and irregular shaped
Layer cells that aid in the exchange of
gases with the environment.
Illustration/example:
Spongy Layer

9. Definition: The outermost layer
Leaf: Epidermal of a leaf that protects the leaf.
Layer These cells are usually clear to
allow the light to pass through.
They do not contain many
chloroplasts.
Illustration/example:
Epidermal
Layer