Model Study of Slope Stability in Open Pit by Numerical Modeling Using the Finite Element Method by Saadoun Abderrazak in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
Numerical simulation of laterally loaded pileDr. Naveen BP
This document presents a finite element model simulation of a lateral load test on a 1m diameter bored pile embedded in residual soils. The pile and soil were modeled in PLAXIS 2D, with the soil represented by a Mohr-Coulomb model and the pile as a beam element. The model results showed good agreement with load-displacement curves from the field test. However, the field test was unable to apply loads high enough to reach design code displacement limits due to limitations of test equipment for large piles in residual soils. The numerical model can simulate larger displacements to evaluate pile behavior under higher loads.
The document summarizes a study that used electrical resistivity methods to characterize a landfill site in Ilorin, Nigeria. 2D resistivity surveys were conducted along four profiles using a Wenner-Schlumberger array. The results identified low resistivity zones below 17-36 ohm-m, indicating contaminant leachate plumes up to 40 m deep. A three-layer geo-electric model was observed. The topographic data showed the site sloped northward. Profile 1 located near settlements showed contaminants drifting north, potentially impacting groundwater sources.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENT USING EVERFE2.24& COMPARISION OF RE...civej
In this study analysis of plain cement concrete pavement was done with 3-D mechanistic FEM computer
programme EVERFE2.24. This programme was developed by Bill David, University of Maine,USA. Rigid
pavement is modelled as a flat slab with DLC as base course and subgrade beneath it.
Stresses in rigid pavement at critical location was calculated due to combined effect of axle load and
environmental factor.These results are compared with IRC58-2015&2002.The disparity between results
are analysed and plotted on graph.
This study finds that stressesgiven by IRC58-2015 is up to 42% less than that given by IRC58-2002, and
stresses given by EverFE2.24 is nearly same as given by IRC58-2002.italso highlighted some issues related
to new code of design i.e. IRC58-2015.
This study used finite element modeling to analyze swelling behavior in a tunnel excavated through marl rock. Laboratory tests on marl rock samples were used to calibrate two finite element programs, FISS and Nisa-II. FISS modeled the tunnel using the laboratory swelling test results. Nisa-II modeled time-dependent creep behavior by defining a creep function relating stress, strain, and time. Both programs analyzed stresses around the tunnel and indicated higher stresses in the sidewalls compared to the roof and floor. The study demonstrated a method to numerically model swelling behavior in tunnels using laboratory test data.
Behavior of piles and pile groups under lateral loadjain_abhishek
This document presents methods for analyzing and designing piles subjected to lateral loads. It reviews rational methods that use the equations of mechanics to model soil-structure interaction, including the methods of Broms and Poulos. Soil response is modeled using nonlinear p-y curves representing the relationship between lateral soil resistance (p) and pile deflection (y). The document provides recommendations for developing p-y curves for different soil types, including soft clay, stiff clay, sand, and rock. It also describes methods for solving the differential equation that governs lateral pile behavior, including the difference equation method. The document concludes with a discussion of structurally designing piles to resist lateral loads.
The document discusses slope stability analysis and modeling in FLAC3D. It provides an overview of key concepts like factors of safety, failure mechanisms, and analysis methods. It then describes a FLAC3D model of a slope showing the zones, material properties, and boundary conditions defined. The model is solved to determine the factor of safety and failure mechanism, with results showing shear strain contours and identifying circular failure with a safety factor of 1.05.
This document discusses several applications of slope stability analysis using the finite element method. It begins by introducing slope stability analysis and some traditional limit equilibrium methods. It then discusses two main advantages of the finite element method: it does not require assumptions about the failure surface shape or location, and it can model complex geometries and soil properties. The document presents several examples of applying the finite element method to analyze slope stability under various conditions, including accounting for drainage, brittle soil behavior, and engineering interventions. It compares results to traditional methods and notes the additional data on stresses, strains, and progressive failure that finite element analysis can provide.
1) The document presents the results of a stability analysis of a reinforced earth wall for the approach road of a rail over bridge along a national highway.
2) The maximum height of the embankment is 7m, and stability is a concern due to weak subgrade soil. Stability analysis using Slope/W software indicates a factor of safety below recommended values without reinforcement.
3) The addition of geosynthetic reinforcement in the form of geogrids placed at various depths and tensions within the embankment fill improves the factor of safety. The optimum reinforcement configuration is found to be 3 geogrid layers.
Numerical simulation of laterally loaded pileDr. Naveen BP
This document presents a finite element model simulation of a lateral load test on a 1m diameter bored pile embedded in residual soils. The pile and soil were modeled in PLAXIS 2D, with the soil represented by a Mohr-Coulomb model and the pile as a beam element. The model results showed good agreement with load-displacement curves from the field test. However, the field test was unable to apply loads high enough to reach design code displacement limits due to limitations of test equipment for large piles in residual soils. The numerical model can simulate larger displacements to evaluate pile behavior under higher loads.
The document summarizes a study that used electrical resistivity methods to characterize a landfill site in Ilorin, Nigeria. 2D resistivity surveys were conducted along four profiles using a Wenner-Schlumberger array. The results identified low resistivity zones below 17-36 ohm-m, indicating contaminant leachate plumes up to 40 m deep. A three-layer geo-electric model was observed. The topographic data showed the site sloped northward. Profile 1 located near settlements showed contaminants drifting north, potentially impacting groundwater sources.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENT USING EVERFE2.24& COMPARISION OF RE...civej
In this study analysis of plain cement concrete pavement was done with 3-D mechanistic FEM computer
programme EVERFE2.24. This programme was developed by Bill David, University of Maine,USA. Rigid
pavement is modelled as a flat slab with DLC as base course and subgrade beneath it.
Stresses in rigid pavement at critical location was calculated due to combined effect of axle load and
environmental factor.These results are compared with IRC58-2015&2002.The disparity between results
are analysed and plotted on graph.
This study finds that stressesgiven by IRC58-2015 is up to 42% less than that given by IRC58-2002, and
stresses given by EverFE2.24 is nearly same as given by IRC58-2002.italso highlighted some issues related
to new code of design i.e. IRC58-2015.
This study used finite element modeling to analyze swelling behavior in a tunnel excavated through marl rock. Laboratory tests on marl rock samples were used to calibrate two finite element programs, FISS and Nisa-II. FISS modeled the tunnel using the laboratory swelling test results. Nisa-II modeled time-dependent creep behavior by defining a creep function relating stress, strain, and time. Both programs analyzed stresses around the tunnel and indicated higher stresses in the sidewalls compared to the roof and floor. The study demonstrated a method to numerically model swelling behavior in tunnels using laboratory test data.
Behavior of piles and pile groups under lateral loadjain_abhishek
This document presents methods for analyzing and designing piles subjected to lateral loads. It reviews rational methods that use the equations of mechanics to model soil-structure interaction, including the methods of Broms and Poulos. Soil response is modeled using nonlinear p-y curves representing the relationship between lateral soil resistance (p) and pile deflection (y). The document provides recommendations for developing p-y curves for different soil types, including soft clay, stiff clay, sand, and rock. It also describes methods for solving the differential equation that governs lateral pile behavior, including the difference equation method. The document concludes with a discussion of structurally designing piles to resist lateral loads.
The document discusses slope stability analysis and modeling in FLAC3D. It provides an overview of key concepts like factors of safety, failure mechanisms, and analysis methods. It then describes a FLAC3D model of a slope showing the zones, material properties, and boundary conditions defined. The model is solved to determine the factor of safety and failure mechanism, with results showing shear strain contours and identifying circular failure with a safety factor of 1.05.
This document discusses several applications of slope stability analysis using the finite element method. It begins by introducing slope stability analysis and some traditional limit equilibrium methods. It then discusses two main advantages of the finite element method: it does not require assumptions about the failure surface shape or location, and it can model complex geometries and soil properties. The document presents several examples of applying the finite element method to analyze slope stability under various conditions, including accounting for drainage, brittle soil behavior, and engineering interventions. It compares results to traditional methods and notes the additional data on stresses, strains, and progressive failure that finite element analysis can provide.
1) The document presents the results of a stability analysis of a reinforced earth wall for the approach road of a rail over bridge along a national highway.
2) The maximum height of the embankment is 7m, and stability is a concern due to weak subgrade soil. Stability analysis using Slope/W software indicates a factor of safety below recommended values without reinforcement.
3) The addition of geosynthetic reinforcement in the form of geogrids placed at various depths and tensions within the embankment fill improves the factor of safety. The optimum reinforcement configuration is found to be 3 geogrid layers.
This document discusses computer programs and computer-aided approaches used for slope stability analysis in rock slope engineering. It describes how programs can perform kinematic analysis using stereonets, limit equilibrium analysis using methods like Bishop and Janbu, and rockfall simulation. Specific programs mentioned include DIPS, DipAnalyst, SLIDE, SWEDGE, ROCPLANE, ROCFALL, Phase2, FLAC, UDEC, and 3DEC. These programs allow for conventional limit equilibrium methods, numerical continuum modeling, discontinuum modeling, and hybrid modeling approaches to slope stability analysis.
Fixity depth of offshore piles in elastoplastic soft clay under dynamic loadeSAT Journals
Abstract
This work represents study of dynamic behavior of offshore piles embedded in elastoplastic soft clay, and estimating the fixity depth of pile. ABAQUS finite element program which used to simulate the problem. The soil was modeled in two case elastic state model and elastoplastic state model represented by cam-clay model, three dimension element used to represent the interaction between pile and soil, and laboratory tests used to getting the real properties of clayey soil and to descried interface. The results obtained developed two empirical equations used to calculate depth of pile fixity for pile embedded in elastic and elastoplastic soil respectively. Also, show the depth of pile fixity is increase about (40 %) due to change soil model from elastic to plastic, when pile embedded in elastoplastic soil its dependent on soil strength, interface properties and pile rigidity. The pile head displacement is increase about 90 % while the bending moment is decease 10 % at pile head.
Mechanical Response Analysis of Asphalt Pavement StructureIJERA Editor
This document analyzes the mechanical response of asphalt pavement structures through finite element modeling. It establishes a three-dimensional model of an asphalt pavement with multiple layers and simplifies the wheel load as a uniform circular load. The model is used to analyze how variations in surface layer modulus (E1) and thickness (H1) impact maximum shear stress (τmax) at the wheel center. Results show τmax decreases with increasing E1 and H1 values. Thinner surface layers with lower modulus are more prone to rutting under repeated loads. The analysis provides a basis for optimizing asphalt pavement designs but has limitations considering only single parameters and temperature effects.
Assessment of Soil Structure Interaction on RCC Underpass BridgeIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the soil-structure interaction of reinforced concrete underpass bridges. It presents a case study of single cell and double cell underpass bridge models analyzed using finite element software. Three foundation conditions are considered: rigid supports, springs at the base only, and springs at the base and sidewalls. Results for bending moment, shear force, and axial thrust are presented for different load combinations and subgrade modulus values. The study found that accounting for soil-structure interaction reduces stresses in the structure compared to assuming rigid supports. Stresses were lowest for the load combination of dead load, earth pressure, and water pressure.
Integrated Methodology for the Seismic Design of Reinforced Embankments with ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an integrated methodology for the seismic design of reinforced soil embankments with berms (slopes with stepped terraces). The methodology is based on limit analysis and the quasi-static approach. It accounts for seismic loading conditions and considers cohesionless soils that deform plastically according to the Coulomb failure criterion. A software application was designed to implement this methodology for seismic design. It allows the user to define seismic hazard and design reinforced slopes based on potential failure planes. The results are compared to conventional methods and finite element analysis. Continuous slopes are also compared to slopes with berms, highlighting the advantages of composite geometries for high embankments.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED ECCENTRIC LOAD IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OF RECTANGULA...IAEME Publication
Objectives: To study the effect of Relative Rigidity of soil interaction behaviour on the rectangular plates.Methods: Analysis was done for a rectangular footing subjected to the eccentric concentrated load in the longitudinal direction up to the middle one third of its longer span dimension, the loss of contact phenomena was analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS 12.0 software and the Critical Relative Rigidity (CRR) values i.e. the relative rigidity (RR) at which the soil medium just starts experiencing loss of contact with the footing were obtained for various L/B (1.2 to 2.0) ratios up to the two way distribution. Findings: With the increase in the eccentricity of concentrated load the CRR values were decreased and as the L/B ratio increases, the CRR values increased. Improvements: Effect of Relative Rigidity of soil interaction behaviour concept can be extended to different types of plates like square, circular, and loss of contact phenomena should be analysed.
Finite element analysis of underground metro tunnelsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that performed finite element analysis of underground metro tunnels in Bangalore, India. It analyzed the tunnels' response to gravity, hydrostatic pressure, and blast-induced pressures from a hypothetical terror attack. The analysis used ANSYS to model the twin-tunnel system and surrounding soil, validating the results against theoretical solutions. It studied stresses, deformations, and effects on neighboring tunnels over time from a simulated pressure wave. The analysis also compared responses of different tunnel shapes and support systems under these loads.
Effect of free surface boundary and wall flexibility in seismic design of liq...eSAT Journals
1) The document analyzes the effect of fluid-structure interaction on the modal characteristics of cylindrical steel water tanks with and without considering the free surface effect of the liquid.
2) Finite element models of shallow and tall tanks were created in ANSYS and modal analysis was performed considering different conditions such as with and without liquid sloshing.
3) The effect of liquid mass on the convective and impulsive modes was observed to decrease the natural frequencies more for the impulsive modes due to greater participation of the liquid mass. Flexibility of the tank wall was also found to increase the slosh frequencies.
This document summarizes a study that used numerical modeling to analyze the slope stability of road cuts in the Himalayan region of India. Rock samples were collected and tested to determine their mechanical properties, which were then input into the FLAC 3D modeling software to simulate slopes under dry and wet conditions. The modeling found that slopes made of quartz mica schist and slate were marginally stable, with safety factors dropping significantly from dry to wet states. Quartzite slopes were more stable, but seismic activity could still trigger failures. Slopes made of weaker materials like slate were also stable, but saw larger displacements under wet conditions. The modeling provides insights into the stress distributions and potential failure mechanisms in the various rock types
Effectiveness Evaluation of Seismic Protection Devices for Bridges in the PB...Franco Bontempi
Seismic protection measures for bridges can be used both for obtaining acceptable performances from new structures that for retrofitting existing ones. With the modern design philosophy based on probabilistic Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) approaches, the engineers are allowed to investigate different design solutions in terms of vulnerability assessment. However, if probabilistic PBEE approaches are nowadays well established and widely studied also for bridges, the topic of using the PBEE frameworks for the evaluation of the effectiveness of seismic protection devices for bridges is not extensively treated in literature.
The first objective of this work is to deal with the problem of assessing the earthquake performance of an highway bridge equipped with different bearing device: the
elastomeric bearings (ERB) and the friction pendulum systems (FPS). The second purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of a structure-dependent IM in case of isolated system. The examined structure is an highway bridge with concrete piers and steel truss deck. A FE model of the bridge is developed by using nonlinear beam-column elements with fiber section and the devices are modeled by specific elements implementing their
nonlinear behavior. The effectiveness of the different retrofitting strategies has been carried out in terms of damage probability. Choosing the example of slight damage, and referring to the curvature ductility as EDP, the probability of damage during a period of 50 years is: 23% for the structure without isolation, 7% for the structure equipped with ERB, and 3% for the structure equipped with FPS isolation.
1. The document discusses applying the convergence-confinement approach to analyze rock-lining interaction in tunnels using the Shimizu Tunnel case study.
2. It constructs ground reaction and support characteristic curves for different support systems - steel ribs, shotcrete, and rock bolts used in Shimizu Tunnel.
3. By intersecting the curves, it determines the design load carried by each support system when the ground and lining reach equilibrium after tunnel excavation.
Modelling of Permanent Deformation on Flexible Pavement Using Accelerated Pav...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The two major distresses encountered on flexible pavement under Indian conditions are fracture
(cracking) and longitudinal permanent deformation (rutting) which affects the serviceability of pavement.
Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility (APTF) is a tool which is a vital link for testing and measuring full-scale
field behaviour of cracking and rutting of pavement at in-situ conditions. Recently, CSIR-Central Road
Research Institute (CRRI) in India has procured a linear Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) type of APTF which is
presently being used for finding out the cracking and rutting behaviour of a flexible pavement consisting Dense
Bituminous Concrete (DBC) as wearing course and Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) as binder course apart
from the conventional granular layers above sub-grade.
The present paper deals with the development of a statistical model and its approach for pavement
rutting under numerous passes (bi-directional) for the layer specifications which are (i) 40 mm DBC (ii) 120
mm DBM (iii) 250 mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) and (iv) 300 mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) above the Subgrade,
which is an Indian Specification widely used for 30 Million Standard Axles (MSA) at 5% CBR. The
statistical model has been developed by observing / recording pavement surface profile using Laser
Profilometer (off board) for every 5,000 passes upto 50,000 passes, thereafter at every 10,000 passes upto
175,000 passes and then at every 25,000 passes upto 275,000 passes. The details of methodology adopted, load
applied, temperature and material properties have also been given in the paper.
Keywords: Flexible pavement, Rutting, Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility,Modelling,Profilometer
Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
stress concentration, it also causes the stress variation in the
rest of the dam cross section. The gravity method of the analysis
does not consider the size of opening and the elastic property
of dam material. Thus the objective of study is comprises of
the Finite Element Method which considers the size of
opening, elastic property of material, and stress distribution
because of geometric discontinuity in cross section of dam.
Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
in dam which results in the failure of dam. Hence it is
necessary to analyses large opening inside the dam. By making
the percentage area of opening constant and varying size and
shape of opening the analysis is carried out. For this purpose
a section of Koyna Dam is considered. Dam is defined as a
plane strain element in FEM, based on geometry and loading
condition. Thus this available information specified our path
of approach to carry out 2D plane strain analysis. The results
obtained are then compared mutually to get most efficient
way of providing large opening in the gravity dam.
Prediction of uplift capacity using genetic programmingAhmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3107.6163
In most geotechnical problems, it is too difficult to predict soil and structural behavior accurately, because of the large variation in soil parameters and the assumptions of numerical solutions. But recently many geotechnical problems are solved using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, by presenting new solutions or developing existing ones. Genetic Programming, (GP), is one of the most recently developed (AI) techniques based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. In this research, GP technique is utilized to develop prediction criteria for uplift capacity of shallow foundations using collected historical records. The uplift capacity formula is developed using special software written by the authors in "Visual C++" language. The accuracy of the developed formula was also compared with earlier prediction methods.
This document discusses a finite element analysis that was performed to evaluate the responses of asphalt pavement mixtures modified with different additives. A 2D model was created using PLAXIS software to simulate pavement structures consisting of an asphalt layer modified with nano silica, silica fume, lime, rubber or polymer over an aggregate base and subgrade. Laboratory testing was conducted to determine modulus and Poisson's ratio of the modified mixtures. The model analyzed vertical displacement and stresses under traffic loads and found that mixtures modified with silica fume exhibited the least deformation and stresses.
A Computational Analysis of Flow Development through a Constant Area C- DuctIJERA Editor
1. The document presents a computational analysis and experimental validation of flow through a constant area C-duct with a 90 degree curved section.
2. Experiments were conducted on a rectangular C-duct cross-section to measure mean velocity and total pressure. Computational fluid dynamics simulations using various turbulence models were performed and compared to experimental results.
3. The RSM turbulence model showed the best agreement with experimental measurements of mean velocity contours at the duct outlet, accurately predicting the shift of bulk velocity toward the outer wall due to secondary flow effects.
1) The document reviews several expressions proposed by researchers to calculate the equivalent width of diagonal struts used to model masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames.
2) It applies these expressions to a sample one-bay one-story RC frame and analyzes the results using ABAQUS software to validate the modeling approach.
3) The study finds that the Paulay and Priestley expression, which defines the equivalent strut width as one-fourth the diagonal length of the infill panel, provides an average value that gives a reasonably accurate model for further analysis of RC infilled frames.
— Both, natural and man-made slopes formed for various purposes may cause numerous permanent problems in engineering applications. Therefore, it is important to know composition and mechanical behavior of soil environment leading to geotechnical problems on slope surfaces. The risk analyzes of natural and artificial slopes, realized detailed, can lead to reliable results. Based on those results, it is possible to produce optimal technical solutions with respect to an acceptable risk level. The researches on these subjects give new opportunities to improve the existing knowledge by reviewing them. The main aim of this study is objectively to evaluate the parameters caused slope stability problems. In this regard, the parameters of slope angle, internal friction angle and cohesion of soil, and groundwater level, which are main risk factors for a slope, and should contribute to raise awareness about this issue, were investigated. Keywords— Factor of safety, risk factors, slope stability.
Comparison of 3_d_finite_element_stability_analysis_with_3d_limit_equilibriumdgjd
This document compares 3D finite element slope stability analysis using shear strength reduction with 3D limit equilibrium analysis. It presents the results of two example slope stability analyses using both methods. The results show reasonable agreement between the two methods, with calculated factors of safety differing by less than 5% in both examples. This demonstrates the usefulness of both 3D limit equilibrium and finite element shear strength reduction methods for analyzing fundamentally 3D slope geometries and loadings.
This paper addresses the fracture toughness ( ), or also known as critical stress intensity Factor, according to
conditions of Lineal Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The characterization of the mechanical properties in
tensile and fracture toughness of structural steel pipes API-5L used in hydrocarbons transportation was
performed. For fracture toughness, the material was tested through fatigue crack propagation on standardized
compact specimen (CT) according to ASTM E-399 norm. A thickness (B) equal to and a crack size (a) equal
to 0.5w were used. With the porpoise of establishing the adequate conditions at the crack tip, the specimens were
subjected to fatigue pre-cracking by application of repeated cycles of load in tensile-tensile and constant load
amplitude with a load ratio of R = 0.1. The experimental Compliance method was used based on data obtained
from load vs. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD). The results show a Stress Intensity factor of 35.88
MPa√m for a 25 mm crack size specimen. The device used for testing is a MTS-810 machine with capacity of
100KN and 6 kHz sampling rate, which meets the conditions of the ASTM E-399 standard. The cracking
susceptibility of steel is influenced by the size, morphology and distribution of non-metallic inclusions,
thermochemical interaction with the environment and microstructure.
This document discusses computer programs and computer-aided approaches used for slope stability analysis in rock slope engineering. It describes how programs can perform kinematic analysis using stereonets, limit equilibrium analysis using methods like Bishop and Janbu, and rockfall simulation. Specific programs mentioned include DIPS, DipAnalyst, SLIDE, SWEDGE, ROCPLANE, ROCFALL, Phase2, FLAC, UDEC, and 3DEC. These programs allow for conventional limit equilibrium methods, numerical continuum modeling, discontinuum modeling, and hybrid modeling approaches to slope stability analysis.
Fixity depth of offshore piles in elastoplastic soft clay under dynamic loadeSAT Journals
Abstract
This work represents study of dynamic behavior of offshore piles embedded in elastoplastic soft clay, and estimating the fixity depth of pile. ABAQUS finite element program which used to simulate the problem. The soil was modeled in two case elastic state model and elastoplastic state model represented by cam-clay model, three dimension element used to represent the interaction between pile and soil, and laboratory tests used to getting the real properties of clayey soil and to descried interface. The results obtained developed two empirical equations used to calculate depth of pile fixity for pile embedded in elastic and elastoplastic soil respectively. Also, show the depth of pile fixity is increase about (40 %) due to change soil model from elastic to plastic, when pile embedded in elastoplastic soil its dependent on soil strength, interface properties and pile rigidity. The pile head displacement is increase about 90 % while the bending moment is decease 10 % at pile head.
Mechanical Response Analysis of Asphalt Pavement StructureIJERA Editor
This document analyzes the mechanical response of asphalt pavement structures through finite element modeling. It establishes a three-dimensional model of an asphalt pavement with multiple layers and simplifies the wheel load as a uniform circular load. The model is used to analyze how variations in surface layer modulus (E1) and thickness (H1) impact maximum shear stress (τmax) at the wheel center. Results show τmax decreases with increasing E1 and H1 values. Thinner surface layers with lower modulus are more prone to rutting under repeated loads. The analysis provides a basis for optimizing asphalt pavement designs but has limitations considering only single parameters and temperature effects.
Assessment of Soil Structure Interaction on RCC Underpass BridgeIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the soil-structure interaction of reinforced concrete underpass bridges. It presents a case study of single cell and double cell underpass bridge models analyzed using finite element software. Three foundation conditions are considered: rigid supports, springs at the base only, and springs at the base and sidewalls. Results for bending moment, shear force, and axial thrust are presented for different load combinations and subgrade modulus values. The study found that accounting for soil-structure interaction reduces stresses in the structure compared to assuming rigid supports. Stresses were lowest for the load combination of dead load, earth pressure, and water pressure.
Integrated Methodology for the Seismic Design of Reinforced Embankments with ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an integrated methodology for the seismic design of reinforced soil embankments with berms (slopes with stepped terraces). The methodology is based on limit analysis and the quasi-static approach. It accounts for seismic loading conditions and considers cohesionless soils that deform plastically according to the Coulomb failure criterion. A software application was designed to implement this methodology for seismic design. It allows the user to define seismic hazard and design reinforced slopes based on potential failure planes. The results are compared to conventional methods and finite element analysis. Continuous slopes are also compared to slopes with berms, highlighting the advantages of composite geometries for high embankments.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED ECCENTRIC LOAD IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OF RECTANGULA...IAEME Publication
Objectives: To study the effect of Relative Rigidity of soil interaction behaviour on the rectangular plates.Methods: Analysis was done for a rectangular footing subjected to the eccentric concentrated load in the longitudinal direction up to the middle one third of its longer span dimension, the loss of contact phenomena was analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS 12.0 software and the Critical Relative Rigidity (CRR) values i.e. the relative rigidity (RR) at which the soil medium just starts experiencing loss of contact with the footing were obtained for various L/B (1.2 to 2.0) ratios up to the two way distribution. Findings: With the increase in the eccentricity of concentrated load the CRR values were decreased and as the L/B ratio increases, the CRR values increased. Improvements: Effect of Relative Rigidity of soil interaction behaviour concept can be extended to different types of plates like square, circular, and loss of contact phenomena should be analysed.
Finite element analysis of underground metro tunnelsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that performed finite element analysis of underground metro tunnels in Bangalore, India. It analyzed the tunnels' response to gravity, hydrostatic pressure, and blast-induced pressures from a hypothetical terror attack. The analysis used ANSYS to model the twin-tunnel system and surrounding soil, validating the results against theoretical solutions. It studied stresses, deformations, and effects on neighboring tunnels over time from a simulated pressure wave. The analysis also compared responses of different tunnel shapes and support systems under these loads.
Effect of free surface boundary and wall flexibility in seismic design of liq...eSAT Journals
1) The document analyzes the effect of fluid-structure interaction on the modal characteristics of cylindrical steel water tanks with and without considering the free surface effect of the liquid.
2) Finite element models of shallow and tall tanks were created in ANSYS and modal analysis was performed considering different conditions such as with and without liquid sloshing.
3) The effect of liquid mass on the convective and impulsive modes was observed to decrease the natural frequencies more for the impulsive modes due to greater participation of the liquid mass. Flexibility of the tank wall was also found to increase the slosh frequencies.
This document summarizes a study that used numerical modeling to analyze the slope stability of road cuts in the Himalayan region of India. Rock samples were collected and tested to determine their mechanical properties, which were then input into the FLAC 3D modeling software to simulate slopes under dry and wet conditions. The modeling found that slopes made of quartz mica schist and slate were marginally stable, with safety factors dropping significantly from dry to wet states. Quartzite slopes were more stable, but seismic activity could still trigger failures. Slopes made of weaker materials like slate were also stable, but saw larger displacements under wet conditions. The modeling provides insights into the stress distributions and potential failure mechanisms in the various rock types
Effectiveness Evaluation of Seismic Protection Devices for Bridges in the PB...Franco Bontempi
Seismic protection measures for bridges can be used both for obtaining acceptable performances from new structures that for retrofitting existing ones. With the modern design philosophy based on probabilistic Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) approaches, the engineers are allowed to investigate different design solutions in terms of vulnerability assessment. However, if probabilistic PBEE approaches are nowadays well established and widely studied also for bridges, the topic of using the PBEE frameworks for the evaluation of the effectiveness of seismic protection devices for bridges is not extensively treated in literature.
The first objective of this work is to deal with the problem of assessing the earthquake performance of an highway bridge equipped with different bearing device: the
elastomeric bearings (ERB) and the friction pendulum systems (FPS). The second purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of a structure-dependent IM in case of isolated system. The examined structure is an highway bridge with concrete piers and steel truss deck. A FE model of the bridge is developed by using nonlinear beam-column elements with fiber section and the devices are modeled by specific elements implementing their
nonlinear behavior. The effectiveness of the different retrofitting strategies has been carried out in terms of damage probability. Choosing the example of slight damage, and referring to the curvature ductility as EDP, the probability of damage during a period of 50 years is: 23% for the structure without isolation, 7% for the structure equipped with ERB, and 3% for the structure equipped with FPS isolation.
1. The document discusses applying the convergence-confinement approach to analyze rock-lining interaction in tunnels using the Shimizu Tunnel case study.
2. It constructs ground reaction and support characteristic curves for different support systems - steel ribs, shotcrete, and rock bolts used in Shimizu Tunnel.
3. By intersecting the curves, it determines the design load carried by each support system when the ground and lining reach equilibrium after tunnel excavation.
Modelling of Permanent Deformation on Flexible Pavement Using Accelerated Pav...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The two major distresses encountered on flexible pavement under Indian conditions are fracture
(cracking) and longitudinal permanent deformation (rutting) which affects the serviceability of pavement.
Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility (APTF) is a tool which is a vital link for testing and measuring full-scale
field behaviour of cracking and rutting of pavement at in-situ conditions. Recently, CSIR-Central Road
Research Institute (CRRI) in India has procured a linear Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) type of APTF which is
presently being used for finding out the cracking and rutting behaviour of a flexible pavement consisting Dense
Bituminous Concrete (DBC) as wearing course and Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) as binder course apart
from the conventional granular layers above sub-grade.
The present paper deals with the development of a statistical model and its approach for pavement
rutting under numerous passes (bi-directional) for the layer specifications which are (i) 40 mm DBC (ii) 120
mm DBM (iii) 250 mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) and (iv) 300 mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) above the Subgrade,
which is an Indian Specification widely used for 30 Million Standard Axles (MSA) at 5% CBR. The
statistical model has been developed by observing / recording pavement surface profile using Laser
Profilometer (off board) for every 5,000 passes upto 50,000 passes, thereafter at every 10,000 passes upto
175,000 passes and then at every 25,000 passes upto 275,000 passes. The details of methodology adopted, load
applied, temperature and material properties have also been given in the paper.
Keywords: Flexible pavement, Rutting, Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility,Modelling,Profilometer
Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
stress concentration, it also causes the stress variation in the
rest of the dam cross section. The gravity method of the analysis
does not consider the size of opening and the elastic property
of dam material. Thus the objective of study is comprises of
the Finite Element Method which considers the size of
opening, elastic property of material, and stress distribution
because of geometric discontinuity in cross section of dam.
Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
in dam which results in the failure of dam. Hence it is
necessary to analyses large opening inside the dam. By making
the percentage area of opening constant and varying size and
shape of opening the analysis is carried out. For this purpose
a section of Koyna Dam is considered. Dam is defined as a
plane strain element in FEM, based on geometry and loading
condition. Thus this available information specified our path
of approach to carry out 2D plane strain analysis. The results
obtained are then compared mutually to get most efficient
way of providing large opening in the gravity dam.
Prediction of uplift capacity using genetic programmingAhmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3107.6163
In most geotechnical problems, it is too difficult to predict soil and structural behavior accurately, because of the large variation in soil parameters and the assumptions of numerical solutions. But recently many geotechnical problems are solved using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, by presenting new solutions or developing existing ones. Genetic Programming, (GP), is one of the most recently developed (AI) techniques based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. In this research, GP technique is utilized to develop prediction criteria for uplift capacity of shallow foundations using collected historical records. The uplift capacity formula is developed using special software written by the authors in "Visual C++" language. The accuracy of the developed formula was also compared with earlier prediction methods.
This document discusses a finite element analysis that was performed to evaluate the responses of asphalt pavement mixtures modified with different additives. A 2D model was created using PLAXIS software to simulate pavement structures consisting of an asphalt layer modified with nano silica, silica fume, lime, rubber or polymer over an aggregate base and subgrade. Laboratory testing was conducted to determine modulus and Poisson's ratio of the modified mixtures. The model analyzed vertical displacement and stresses under traffic loads and found that mixtures modified with silica fume exhibited the least deformation and stresses.
A Computational Analysis of Flow Development through a Constant Area C- DuctIJERA Editor
1. The document presents a computational analysis and experimental validation of flow through a constant area C-duct with a 90 degree curved section.
2. Experiments were conducted on a rectangular C-duct cross-section to measure mean velocity and total pressure. Computational fluid dynamics simulations using various turbulence models were performed and compared to experimental results.
3. The RSM turbulence model showed the best agreement with experimental measurements of mean velocity contours at the duct outlet, accurately predicting the shift of bulk velocity toward the outer wall due to secondary flow effects.
1) The document reviews several expressions proposed by researchers to calculate the equivalent width of diagonal struts used to model masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames.
2) It applies these expressions to a sample one-bay one-story RC frame and analyzes the results using ABAQUS software to validate the modeling approach.
3) The study finds that the Paulay and Priestley expression, which defines the equivalent strut width as one-fourth the diagonal length of the infill panel, provides an average value that gives a reasonably accurate model for further analysis of RC infilled frames.
— Both, natural and man-made slopes formed for various purposes may cause numerous permanent problems in engineering applications. Therefore, it is important to know composition and mechanical behavior of soil environment leading to geotechnical problems on slope surfaces. The risk analyzes of natural and artificial slopes, realized detailed, can lead to reliable results. Based on those results, it is possible to produce optimal technical solutions with respect to an acceptable risk level. The researches on these subjects give new opportunities to improve the existing knowledge by reviewing them. The main aim of this study is objectively to evaluate the parameters caused slope stability problems. In this regard, the parameters of slope angle, internal friction angle and cohesion of soil, and groundwater level, which are main risk factors for a slope, and should contribute to raise awareness about this issue, were investigated. Keywords— Factor of safety, risk factors, slope stability.
Comparison of 3_d_finite_element_stability_analysis_with_3d_limit_equilibriumdgjd
This document compares 3D finite element slope stability analysis using shear strength reduction with 3D limit equilibrium analysis. It presents the results of two example slope stability analyses using both methods. The results show reasonable agreement between the two methods, with calculated factors of safety differing by less than 5% in both examples. This demonstrates the usefulness of both 3D limit equilibrium and finite element shear strength reduction methods for analyzing fundamentally 3D slope geometries and loadings.
This paper addresses the fracture toughness ( ), or also known as critical stress intensity Factor, according to
conditions of Lineal Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The characterization of the mechanical properties in
tensile and fracture toughness of structural steel pipes API-5L used in hydrocarbons transportation was
performed. For fracture toughness, the material was tested through fatigue crack propagation on standardized
compact specimen (CT) according to ASTM E-399 norm. A thickness (B) equal to and a crack size (a) equal
to 0.5w were used. With the porpoise of establishing the adequate conditions at the crack tip, the specimens were
subjected to fatigue pre-cracking by application of repeated cycles of load in tensile-tensile and constant load
amplitude with a load ratio of R = 0.1. The experimental Compliance method was used based on data obtained
from load vs. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD). The results show a Stress Intensity factor of 35.88
MPa√m for a 25 mm crack size specimen. The device used for testing is a MTS-810 machine with capacity of
100KN and 6 kHz sampling rate, which meets the conditions of the ASTM E-399 standard. The cracking
susceptibility of steel is influenced by the size, morphology and distribution of non-metallic inclusions,
thermochemical interaction with the environment and microstructure.
This document describes an implementation of extended finite element method (X-FEM) in Abaqus for 3D fatigue crack growth and life prediction analysis. A level set representation is used to model evolving crack geometry without remeshing. Stress intensity factors are extracted on static and growing cracks to predict fatigue life using fracture mechanics criteria. Several examples are presented to validate the technique.
Stability analysis of open pit slope by finite difference methodeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Safety Margin of Slope Stability Using Common Deterministic MethodsIJMER
The objective of this research was to develop a model for deterministic slope stability analysis.
The study was performed through different methods of analysis and compared with Bishop simplified
method, the variation of each input parameter ranged using traditional behavior equations to produce a
distribution of the factor of safety verses the variables. A sensitivity analysis is then applied to the output
factor of safety with each variable to select the slope design parameters with acceptable effect on factor
of safety. To demonstrate the application of the deterministic methods developed during this paper, the
methodology was applied to case study to present the effect of each variable on factor of safety, the
study of slope failure was assumed to be circular slip surface .
Dynamic Analysis of RC Multi-storeyed Building - A Comparative Studyijsrd.com
In India with a seismic moderate zone, the equivalent static force method to estimate the seismic force, subsequent vulnerability and behavior of RC building under seismic load is inadequate. The main goal of this paper is to show how the modal analysis can contribute to the understanding the behavior of building using Response Spectrum Method. In this study, Dynamic Analysis of four storied Reinforced Concrete building was investigated using Staad pro and Etabs software packages. For this, Response Spectrum Method was used to evaluate the base shear, frequency, modal mass participation and the mode shapes of the building have been plotted for 15 frequencies. Seismic Zone 3 has been considered and base shear was calculated as per the procedure recommended by IS 1893-2002. The results shows that only slight variation in frequencies and modal participation factors was observed as each software has its own way of considering the mass.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...msejjournal
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...msejjournal
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...msejjournal
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...MSEJjournal1
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...msejjournal
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
Effect of lamination angle on maximum deflection of simply supported composit...RAVI KUMAR
In this project a composite laminated beam is studied with glass-epoxy and graphite-epoxy combination. The beam is composed of four layers of different combination of composite material (glass epoxy and graphite epoxy composite). The beam is simply supported at both the ends and is subjected to uniformly distributed load along the length. Transverse deflection is computed for different lamination angle (0^0-〖90〗^0) by using Euler- Bernoulli’s theory (or CLPT). Maximum transverse deflection analysis is carried out using derived analytical expressions. The research carried out in this project will enable to determine the beam strength due to bending loads. The importance of fibre reinforcement in the manufacturing of the beam is studied in terms of bending strength of the beam. MATLAB codes are generated to implement analytical expiations of the composite beam.
The main objective of the paper is to find out the lamination angle at which minimum deflection is obtained & to find out the effect of lamination angle on maximum transverse deflection of the beam.
Abstract The present research work is to determine buckling load per unit length in rectangular plate with circular cut-outs under bi-axial compression using 2D finite element analysis. The commercial finite element analysis software ANSYS has been successfully executed. The buckling factors are evaluated by changing the position of the holes, length to thickness ratio. The effect of changing the position of holes, a/b ratio, b/t ratio and buckling load per unit length is discussed. The results shows that buckling load per unit length is in clamped-clamped boundary conditions and buckling load is more at top positioned hole, decreases with increase in aspect ratio, decrease with increase breadth to thickness ratio. Keywords: Buckling analysis, Finite element method, Buckling load per unit length , carbon/epoxy composite plate, aspect ratio, b/t ratio, and Biaxial load.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fixity depth of offshore piles in elastoplastic soft clay under dynamic loadeSAT Journals
Abstract
This work represents study of dynamic behavior of offshore piles embedded in elastoplastic soft clay, and estimating the fixity depth of pile. ABAQUS finite element program which used to simulate the problem. The soil was modeled in two case elastic state model and elastoplastic state model represented by cam-clay model, three dimension element used to represent the interaction between pile and soil, and laboratory tests used to getting the real properties of clayey soil and to descried interface. The results obtained developed two empirical equations used to calculate depth of pile fixity for pile embedded in elastic and elastoplastic soil respectively. Also, show the depth of pile fixity is increase about (40 %) due to change soil model from elastic to plastic, when pile embedded in elastoplastic soil its dependent on soil strength, interface properties and pile rigidity. The pile head displacement is increase about 90 % while the bending moment is decease 10 % at pile head.
Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dam in AfghanistanIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic response of concrete gravity dams in Afghanistan. The study uses 3D finite element analysis in ANSYS to analyze four cases of a concrete gravity dam: 1) without an opening in Kabul, 2) without an opening in Herat, 3) with an opening in Kabul, and 4) with an opening in Herat. The analysis includes static, modal, harmonic, and response spectrum analysis. The results show that stresses and deformations are highest for the dam with an opening in Kabul, which has a peak ground acceleration of 48%g. In general, the dams perform less safely under the response spectrum analysis compared to the other analysis methods. The study aims to evaluate seismic design of concrete
The effect of disturbance factor on the stability of tunnels (Case study: Tun...IJRES Journal
Disturbance factor (D) is related to excavation method and cause damage and stress relief in the rock masses. The convergence and plastic zone around tunnels depends on the disturbance factor of rocks.This study has been in the tunnel No.2 of Kurdistan in NW of Iran which is composed of shale rocks. In tunnel modeling, different disturbance factors(0 to 1) areanalyzed using phase2 software and the amount of displacement and extent of plastic zone in around the tunnelis determined. The obtain results show that by increasing of disturbance factor, the displacement and plastic zone around the tunnel has increased and the most increase has occurred in disturbance factors 0.8 to 1. Therefore, for excavation of this tunnel, the blasting method should not be used and instead of it, the mechanical methods must be used.
This document summarizes a paper that evaluates the interaction of different parameters of a geofoam-filled trench barrier for mitigating ground vibrations, using response surface methodology. A numerical model was developed using Plaxis finite element software coupled with Python programming to automate parametric studies. Key parameters investigated include trench depth, width, soil layer thickness, shear wave velocity, and distance from vibration source. Results show that depth and shear wave velocity most impact barrier effectiveness. Near-field barriers perform better than far-field. Stiffer soils provide more homogeneous conditions where changing layer thickness has little effect. The interaction of location and soil properties produces complex wave interference patterns that impact screening.
A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin foa...Mehran Naghizadeh
The document summarizes a study that conducted a full experimental test and numerical modelling to evaluate the performance of geofoam-filled trenches in mitigating ground vibrations. Key findings:
1) A field test was conducted where geofoam was injected into a 3m deep trench to measure vibration reduction. Measurements showed attenuation of up to 60% between 30-60Hz.
2) 2D and 3D numerical models were developed and validated against experimental results. The models were then used to study the influence of trench geometry and dimensions.
3) Parametric analyses investigated the screening effectiveness of single, double, and triangle wall trench configurations in both active and passive isolation schemes. Depth and frequency were found
Similar to Model Study of Slope Stability in Open Pit by Numerical Modeling Using the Finite Element Method-Crimson Publishers (20)
Grindability Studies of Mineral Materials of Different MorphologyCrimsonPublishersAMMS
These studies have been carried out to compare the grinding characteristics of different morphological mineral matters. Coal, dolomite, manganese
and iron ores samples were ground using a ball mill in different grinding conditions (dry and wet) and at different critical speed (R45%, R70% and R90%)
during wet grinding. Results are compared considering the relative impact on particle size and shape. Materials were ground in a lab scale ball mill for
2hours with steel balls and size analysis of products were carried out using different size sieves (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.15, 0.106 and 0.053mm). Microscopic
studies were carried out to know the effect of different grinding conditions on particle properties. Light, fine grain and soft dolomite shows only 8%
reduction in D80 whereas heavy, friable and hard manganese ore shows a 29% reduction in D80 for similar dry and wet grinding conditions. It was found
that light materials are less sensitive towards mill speed (R) during wet grinding. Energy calculations indicated that wet grinding is less efficient for
low density and soft materials than high density and hard materials. The relative increase in the fineness (D80) for coal, dolomite, manganese ores and
iron ores were 8.9, 6.5, 25, and 15.8%, respectively for wet and dry grinding. Variation in D/L indicates that abrasion is a prominent phenomenon in dry
grinding and chipping is more prominent in wet grinding especially for material with bedded structures.
The Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Consciousness Energy Healing Tr...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Silver oxide possesses antimicrobial properties and also has numerous applications in space research, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
It is not readily soluble in most of the solvents and highly sensitive to light. Thus, this study was executed to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi
Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of silver oxide using PSA, PXRD, and DSC analytical
techniques. The test sample was divided into two parts: one part was control sample and the other part was treated sample. The control sample did not
receive Biofield Energy Treatment; whereas the treated sample received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer,
Gopal Nayak. The particle size values of the treated silver oxide powder were significantly decreased at d10, d50, d90, and D(4,3) by 9.507%, 4.957%,
3.463%, and 4.787% respectively, thus the specific surface area was significantly increased by 7.647% compared with the control sample. The peak
intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered from -91.53% to 26.92% and -69.76% to 8.83%, respectively; however, the average crystallite
size was significantly decreased by 35.62% in the treated sample compared with the control sample.
Modelling Calendar Time Structure for Open Pit Mining Equipment Performance C...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
The effective operating time (EOT) of the equipment in an open pit mine determines the capacity of the mine. Clearly, EOT is only a part of the total
calendar time, which also includes various down times or non-productive times, caused by different factors. Therefore, it is important to analyze the
components of calendar time. A logical prerequisite for such an analysis as well as for predicting the capacity of a projected mine is a plausible model of
calendar time structure and clear definitions of its components. We present here such a model, which is based on a comparative study of calendar time
structure models used by several mining companies. Furthermore, we discuss the proportionality of downtimes and non-productive times to the EOT.
This is fundamental for the prediction of the capacity of open-pit mines in projection, rationalization or expansion.
Innovative Engineering Design of the High-Angle Conveyor for Mining of Deep-S...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
The article analyzes the engineering design and the process of transportation of coarse-grained rock mass by two-contour steep-inclined conveyors with stationary clamping devices, shows their most significant disadvantages. It shows the structure of the dual steeply inclined conveyor with a moving clamping elements, developed by the staff of the Institute of Mining UB RAS, the design feature of which is the implementation of the clamping elements in the form of corrugations affixed to the outer (working) belt surface of the load carrying profile. Design features of the steep-slope belt conveyor with moving clamping elements in form of corrugations provide a reliable rise of uneven flow of rock mass due to: the simultaneous use of forced pressing of the transported material in the chute of the load-bearing belt and of the effect of deep fluting; clamping elements moving synchronously with the load-bearing belt, resilient-elastic properties of clamping elements, allowing them to perform an additional supporting function for the transported material. Studies have shown that the developed design provides an increase in the coefficient of use of the equipment in 2 times, reducies tape wear by 20-40%, compared with foreign analogues.
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Kinetics Etude of the Experimental Leaching of Sphalerite Using Acidic Lixivi...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
The influence of physico-chemical parameters such as acid concentration, temperature, particle size and time of leaching on the chemical dissolution of the sphalerite ore in sulfuric acid was examined. At a temperature of 358 K by 2 mol.l-1 H2SO4, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, initial solid / liquid ratio of 10 g/L and particle size (-125 +63^m), about 99 % of zinc was extracted inside 120min. The experimental data of this leaching technique was established by way of the shrinking core model under chemically reaction controlled processes, the corresponding activation energy for the recovery of zinc Ea calculated from the Arrhenius expression to be 18.63kJ/mole.
Key Factors of Logistic Capacity of a Mining Enterprise, Management of Proces...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
The problem of assessment of logistic providing of the mining industry and production management with maximum efficiency is considered. The technique of integrated assessment of logistic capacity of the enterprise in the form of the sum of all product weight coefficient and ball values of components of system. It is proposed to be achieved through contour-integrated control of the logistical processes of the mining enterprise. The production logistics tasks included in the integrated system are formulated. A methodology for the operational management of the loading and transport complex has been developed.
Application of Macro-Synthetic-Fiber-Reinforced Sprayed Concrete for Primary ...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Application of Macro-Synthetic-Fiber-Reinforced Sprayed Concrete for Primary Lining Support on Highway Tunnel Project in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Dipl Ing Vedad Terzic in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
Microbial Communities Involved in Methane Production from Coal Treated by Pot...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Microbial Communities Involved in Methane Production from Coal Treated by Potassium Permanganate by Zaixing Huang in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
Mineralization of Rare Earths, Platinum and Gold in a Sedimentary Deposit, Fo...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Mineralization of Rare Earths, Platinum and Gold in a Sedimentary Deposit, Found Using an Indirect Method of Exploration by Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
Critical Issues of Sustainability Associated with Quarry Activities-Crimson P...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Critical Issues of Sustainability Associated with Quarry Activities by Nwachukwu MA*, Ojeaga K and Gilbert Chinelo in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
The Effect of Bed Thickness and Cooling Time on the Rate of Copper Slag Cooli...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
The Effect of Bed Thickness and Cooling Time
on the Rate of Copper Slag Cooling, Case Study:Khatoonabad Copper Smelter Plant by Esmaeil Rahimi and Neda Mohaghegh in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
Clay Migration in Proppant during Production in Argillaceous Unconsolidated R...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Clay Migration in Proppant during Production in Argillaceous Unconsolidated Reservoir by Weidong Zhanga*, Xuhui Guan, Maoyong Fu and Shouqiang Zhao in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
The Formation of Two-Phase Periodic Structures-Crimson PublishersCrimsonPublishersAMMS
1) The document discusses the formation of two-phase periodic structures during crystallization of solutions. It presents experiments showing that in many cases, solutions decompose by spinodal decomposition rather than the typically assumed binodal decomposition.
2) Spinodal decomposition occurs when fluctuations in concentration cause the solution to separate continuously into regions of different composition throughout the entire volume simultaneously, without sharp boundaries. This differs from binodal decomposition where clusters of the new phase form and grow.
3) Experiments observing the crystallization of dye solutions provide evidence that spinodal decomposition occurs, shown by continuous changes in concentration across the entire solution volume leading to the formation of periodic compositional patterns. This challenges the assumption that solutions are always in a metastable state
To Priority the Success Factors in the Design of Progressive Die by DFSS Meth...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
To Priority the Success Factors in the Design of Progressive Die by DFSS Methodology by Mozhgan Nozari, Amir Abbas Shojaie* and Sadigh Raissi in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
This document provides an introduction to metals obtained from ores. It discusses how ores contain mixtures of minerals that are processed to extract industrial minerals and metals. Ores first undergo beneficiation by physical methods to separate minerals, then chemical methods to recover metals. Metals and metalloids are classified based on their chemical composition and physical properties. Major metallic minerals are discussed, including their typical compositions and common uses for metal production or other purposes like refractories. Classification schemes for important ore types like chromites and manganese ores are also presented based on their grade and suitable end uses.
Crimson Publishers-Production Scheduling in Block Caving with Consideration o...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Production Scheduling in Block Caving with Consideration of Material Flow by Firouz Khodayari and Yashar Pourrahimian in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.