This document discusses modals in English. It defines modals as auxiliary verbs that add meaning to sentences. There are modals like can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would. Modals show attitudes like necessity, advisability, or possibility. The rules for using modals are that the main verb is not conjugated and no "to" is used between the modal and main verb. Questions use the modal before the sentence. Negation uses "not" after the modal. Examples show modals for requests, requirements, prohibitions, suggestions, and the past form "should have."

1. Modals in English
Kelompok 5 - M. Syaifuddin K. & Arik Wahyudi

2. Apa yang akan dipelajari?
1. Pengertian modal
2. Aturan penggunaan modal
3. Contoh penggunaan modal

3. Pengertian Modal
Adalah kata kerja bantu yang memberikan tambahan arti
pada suatu kalimat.
Modal yang ada di bahasa Inggris adalah : can, could, had
better, may, might, must, ought (to), shall, should, will, would

4. Pengertian Modal
Modal umumnya digunakan untuk menunjukkan pandangan /
sikap oleh penutur, apakah sesuatu itu dibutuhkan
(necessary), disarankan (advisable), dibolehkan (permissible),
bisa jadi (possible), dll.

5. Aturan Penggunaan
Kata kerja tidak boleh ditambah s/es, bahkan jika subjectnya
he, she, it.
● Benar : She can do it
● Salah : She cans do it
Antara kata modal auxiliary dengan kata kerja tidak boleh
dihubungkan dengan “to”.
● Benar : She can do it
● Salah : She can to do it

6. Aturan Penggunaan
Jika modal auxiliary bentuk lampau maka kata kerja yang
digunakan harus kata kerja bentuk pertama (infinitive).
● Benar : They could sing at the karaoke until midnight
● Salah : They could sang at the karaoke until midnight
Kalimat tanya dibentuk dengan menempatkan modal auxiliary
di depan kalimat.
● Can your father speak English well?
● Could you contact him last night?

7. Aturan Penggunaan
Kalimat menyangkal (negative sentence) dibentuk dengan
menambahkan not sesudah modal.
● I cannot speak Mandarin
● You must not walk on the grass
● We shouldn't be late

8. Aturan Penggunaan
Bentuk lampau dari Should.
● My clothes are wet because of the rain. I should have
brought an umbrella before.
○ I should have brought means that bring an umbrella was a good
idea, but I didn't do it. I made a mistake.
Past form: should have / ought to have + past participle.

9. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Permintaan yang sopan :
● Indonesia : Bolehkah saya meminjam pensil?
● English : Could I borrow your pencil?
May I and Could I are used to request permission. They are
equally polite.
In a polite request, could has a present or future meaning, not
a past meaning.

10. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Would vs Could :
● Would you pass the salt?
● Could you pass the salt?
Could you and would you have the same meaning. Here’s the
difference :
● Would you : Maukah kamu?
● Could you : Maukah kamu + apakah bisa kamu lakukan?
Both are equally polite.

11. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Permintaan tidak formal :
● Indonesia : Bisakah saya meminjam pensil?
● English : Can I borrow your pencil?
Digunakan jika penutur berbicara dengan seseorang yang
sudah akrab. Can I is usually considered a little less polite
than may I or could I.

12. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Menunjukkan keperluan
● I must wear uniform.
○ Saya harus memakai seragam.
● I should wear uniform.
○ Saya disarankan memakai seragam. Tidak wajib.
● I have to wear uniform.
○ Saya harus memakai seragam. Ada peraturan dari sekolah.
have to is used more commonly than must. Must is usually
stronger than have to and can indicate urgency.

13. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Menunjukkan ketidakperluan dan larangan (prohibition)
● Larangan : You must not walk on the grass.
● Lack of necessity : Tomorrow is holiday. We don’t have
to go to class.

14. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Menunjukkan saran
A. You should work harder
B. Drivers ought to obey the speed limit
Should and ought to have the same meaning. The meaning
ranges in strength from a suggestion to a statement about
responsibility or duty.
In (a): "This is a good idea. This is my advice." In (b): "This is an
important responsibility."

15. Contoh Penggunaan Modal
Bentuk past dari Should
● I didn’t do well on the test this morning. I should have
studied last night.

16. References
1. Betty Schrampfer Azar - Understanding and Using
English Grammar Third Edition
2. EF - Modal Auxiliary dalam Bahasa Inggris
3. EF - Ketentuan Penggunaan Modal dalam Bahasa Inggris
4. English Cafe - Belajar Modals Auxiliary
5. Yanti Kusumo - Modals
6. Woodward English - Modal Verbs
7. Learn English Today - MODAL VERBS in English

17. Quiz
10 questions (multiple choice). You can submit until March
21st 2021 at 23.59 WIB.
https://forms.gle/itzjYsvBY3enB7Z49

18. Thank you