3. MODAL VERBS
MODAL VERBS
MODAL VERBS
are auxiliary verbs which give different
meanings to their main verbs. They express
a mood or an attitude of a speaker or a
writer. They convey ideas about permission,
obligation, prohibition. Understandings of
these modals provide clarity and
correctness in expressions.
6. Modals of Prohibition
We use can’t/ cannot and mustn’t/must
not to show that something is prohibited –
it is not allowed.
7. Modals of Prohibition
We use can’t/ cannot and mustn’t/must not to show
that something is prohibited – it is not allowed.
Can’t is used to talk about something that is against
the rules, particularly when we make the rules.
We can’t park our vehicle along the driveway.
You can’t cut the big trees without permit.
Motorists can’t drive without a license.
8. Modals of Prohibition
Mustn’t is used to talk about what is not permitted. It
is common on public signs and notices informing
people of rules and laws.
(Parent to child) You mustn’t disrespect the elders
and your older siblings.
(Teacher to student) You mustn’t be late in
submitting your outputs.
We mustn’t allow failures to ruin our goals in life.
10. Modals of Obligation
Must expresses stronger obligation than should does.
Shall is used for future time reference.
Children must study.
Children should play for their exercise.
Children shall help their parents.
Should children greet the elders?
Shall I return this book?
You have to smile at the guests.
11. Modals of Permission
Can, could, and may are modals of
permission. They are used in
asking and in giving permission.
12. Modals of Permission
Can – to ask for and give
permission.
Can I stay here?
You can use by recyclable bag.
Can we have some suggestions where
to go for the holiday?
13. Modals of Permission
Could – also used to ask for permission (but not
to give it). It is more formal and polite than can.
Could you join our group online?
Could we interrupt?
Could you kindly submit my order?
14. Modals of Permission
May – the most formal way to ask
for and give permission.
May I have all the requirements for the
enrollment?
Parents may check the status of their child
online.
Background information about the institution
may be asked from the office.
