1. K 1 - 2 0 1 2
Modal Auxiliaries &
Related Structure

2. Modal Auxiliaries
May/ Might
Shall/ Should
Can/ Could
Ought to
Must
Will/ Would

3. Structures
Structures Forms Examples
Simple modal+verb We should study hard.
Continuous modal+be+present
participle
We may be winning this
contest.
Perfect modal+have+past
participle
They must have arrived on
time.
Perfect Continuous modal+have
been+present participle
Mia might have been waiting
for us.

4. Structures Related to Modal
Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliary Related Structure
can, could be able to
can, may, might be allowed to
must have to, have got to
ought to, should be supposed to, had better, need to
shall, will be going to, be about to

5. Modals of Inference, Prediction, and
Probability
Inference
Present or
Future
Past
must
has to
may
might
could
must have
may have
might have
could have

6. Prediction
Affirmative
Negative
will
should
could
may
might
will not
should not
cannot
could not
may not
might not

7. Probability Present
Past
must (not) +
simple formc
must (not)
have + past
participle

8. Modal of Social Interaction
Making Requests Asking for Permission Giving Advice and
Making Suggestions
Would you mind….
Would you…
Could you…
Can you…
Will you…
Might I…
May I…
Could I…
Can I…
You must…
You should…
You ought to…
You might…
You could…

9. Other Modals and Their Uses
Expressing
Abilities
Showing
Preference
Expressing
Urgent Need
Expressing Lack
of Need
Can
Could
would rather
would prefer
must
must not
have to
have got to
not have to

10. NOTE!!!!
*Do not use modals for things which happen definitely.
ex: The sun: The sun rises in the east.
*Modals do not have an -s in the 3rd person singular.
ex: She can speak English.
*Questions are formed without do/does/did.
ex: Can you understand it?

11. Thank you…