mod 3

1. Memory
Specification:
• Types of long-term memory: episodic, semantic,
procedural.

2. Memory
• Main problem with the multi-store model of
memory is that it is a basic model of human
memory.
• It is too simple.
• It cannot fully explain what we do with our
memory.

3. Memory
• Case studies of patients with amnesia have
provided evidence that LTM is not one single
store.
• Retrograde amnesia: affects retrieval of
information from LTM.
• Anterograde amnesia: affects the ability to
transfer information from STM to LTM.

4. • H.M. had anterograde
amnesia.
• He was unable to
encode and transfer
information from STM
to LTM memory.
• His short-term memory
was unaffected.

6. C - - - -
W - - - - - -

7. • Clive wearing had anterograde
amnesia and partial retrograde
amnesia.
• He could not encode and
transfer information from STM
to LTM.
• He could not retrieve some
autobiographical memories
from LTM.
• He could retrieve complex
music from LTM and play the
piano from memory.

8. Memory
• This is evidence that LTM is made up of more
than one memory store.
• It is evidence that there must be a memory store
for autobiographical memories and a memory
store for how to do things.

9. Memory
• Research has found that there are at
least three LTM memory stores.

12. Memory: episodic memory
• Episodic memory.
• Autobiographical LTM
store.
• Endel Tulving (1972)

14. Memory: semantic memory
• A LTM store for knowledge.
• A mental encyclopedia.
• Facts.
• Words.
• Concepts.
• Meanings.

15. Memory: procedural memory
• A LTM for learned tasks that do not require
much conscious memory.
• Walking.
• Dressing.
• Riding a bike.
• Speech.

16. Types of LTM: evaluation
• Clinical evidence: case studies of patients with
amnesia.
• H.M.
• Clive Wearing.

17. Types of LTM: evaluation
• Neuroimaging evidence.
• Studies using brain scans.
• PET scans: positron emission tomography.
• Brain scans have found that different parts of
the brain store different types of LTM.

18. Types of LTM: evaluation
• Tulving (1989) found that episodic and
semantic memories were recalled from the
pre-frontal cortex.
• Right pre-frontal cortex: episodic memories.
• Left pre-frontal cortex: semantic memories.

22. Types of LTM: evaluation
• Real-life applications.
• The identification of different types of
LTM and where they are stored in the
brain has led to the development of
treatment of memory loss.

23. Types of LTM: evaluation
• Complete the table ‘Types of LTM…….’

24. Types of LTM: evaluation
• Complete the types of LTM question sheet.