This document outlines the background, objectives, and methodology of a study on how mobile phone use empowers female-headed households in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. It discusses how mobile phones have become widespread globally and in Sri Lanka, and the potential for empowerment. The study aims to understand how female heads of households use mobile phones, any constraints they face, and how socioeconomic factors shape adoption and use. A literature review covers previous research on topics like social and economic empowerment through mobile phone use, as well as ways gender relations can be reinforced. The document sets up the problem, objectives, questions, and theoretical framework to guide the research.
Mobiles and Technology Spending in East Africakdiga
The document summarizes research on the impact of mobile phone access and usage on spending behaviors and poverty in poor households in Eastern Africa. Key findings include:
1) Mobile phones are enabling substitutions that reduce transportation and other costs, allowing households to reallocate spending to phone credit.
2) Access to mobile credit is supporting new savings mechanisms and financial planning within households.
3) The gender dynamics around mobile phone access and use within households can exacerbate existing inequalities or empower certain members.
Overall, while mobile phone access may be mitigating the depth of poverty, universal access policies are still missing the most vulnerable groups. More targeted programs and education are needed to maximize the poverty-reducing impacts of
The study explored technology challenges faced by rural women in two municipalities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province. Through interviews and focus groups, the study found that while women were aware of information and communication technologies, they faced significant challenges with accessibility, affordability, availability, lack of ICT skills, and lack of electricity in most areas. The findings showed gaps between these challenges and South Africa's national ICT policy goals of using technology to develop rural areas.
This document summarizes a presentation on preparing rural transport systems for an aging population. The presentation covered demographic trends showing populations are aging in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Research found that older adults often have health issues and are less wealthy, so depend on transportation for well-being and participation. The study reviewed rural transportation policies and services, finding a need to better integrate public and community options. Recommendations included preparing policies for an aging society, increasing cross-sector partnerships, and involving communities in local transportation planning.
Disability is a complex, multidimensional issue defined by the interaction between impairments and environmental factors. In India, approximately 2.68 crore people or 2.21% of the population have a disability. Strengthening disability data is important for ensuring inclusive development and welfare initiatives for disabled people. Japanese Encephalitis is a major cause of disability in India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, where it has contributed to approximately 35-40 thousand cases over 30 years. Coordination between government schemes, NGO implementation, and legal protections is needed to promote the socio-economic development and safeguard the rights of disabled populations.
Enhancing women empowerment through information and communication technologyDr Lendy Spires
This report examines enhancing women's empowerment through information and communication technology (ICT). It aims to assess ICT infrastructure for women in rural versus urban areas and how women's social/economic backgrounds impact ICT workforce participation. It also evaluates ICT policies in education regarding scholarships, reservations, and self-employment programs for women. Finally, it assesses social and health implications of ICT for women workers. The report reviews literature, studies findings through research questions, and provides conclusions and suggestions. The overall goal is to understand how to strengthen ICT's role in empowering women across India.
This document discusses bridging the digital divide for people of all abilities through accessible information and communication technology (ICT) and assistive technology. It notes that 15% of the world's population lives with a disability. The document provides an introduction to a book that gives an overview on disability and digital inclusion through case studies on using accessible ICT to support people with disabilities in areas like employment, banking, tourism and education. The author believes that collaborative efforts can help make ICT universally accessible, enabling the rights of people with disabilities.
Women Participation in Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) in Ond...ijtsrd
- The study examined women's participation in community development projects in Ondo State, Nigeria. It analyzed data from 120 women involved in such projects.
- Most respondents were married with an average family size of 6 people. Over half worked in farming and the average monthly income was 18,700 naira.
- Participation levels in development projects were found to be low, with a mean score of 2.03. Significant relationships existed between participation levels and factors like age, family size, social status and occupation.
DEAF PEOPLE'S EXPERIENCE OF GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION FINAL v.1.2Clement Manoko
This document summarizes a study that explored deaf people's experiences with government communication in South Africa. The study found that deaf people felt government communication and access to public services needed improvement. Specifically, using South African Sign Language and interpreters was seen as an important way to address deaf people's communication needs when accessing government services. The study highlighted that communication barriers disproportionately impact people with disabilities and prevent them from accessing important public information and services.
Mobiles and Technology Spending in East Africakdiga
The document summarizes research on the impact of mobile phone access and usage on spending behaviors and poverty in poor households in Eastern Africa. Key findings include:
1) Mobile phones are enabling substitutions that reduce transportation and other costs, allowing households to reallocate spending to phone credit.
2) Access to mobile credit is supporting new savings mechanisms and financial planning within households.
3) The gender dynamics around mobile phone access and use within households can exacerbate existing inequalities or empower certain members.
Overall, while mobile phone access may be mitigating the depth of poverty, universal access policies are still missing the most vulnerable groups. More targeted programs and education are needed to maximize the poverty-reducing impacts of
The study explored technology challenges faced by rural women in two municipalities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province. Through interviews and focus groups, the study found that while women were aware of information and communication technologies, they faced significant challenges with accessibility, affordability, availability, lack of ICT skills, and lack of electricity in most areas. The findings showed gaps between these challenges and South Africa's national ICT policy goals of using technology to develop rural areas.
This document summarizes a presentation on preparing rural transport systems for an aging population. The presentation covered demographic trends showing populations are aging in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Research found that older adults often have health issues and are less wealthy, so depend on transportation for well-being and participation. The study reviewed rural transportation policies and services, finding a need to better integrate public and community options. Recommendations included preparing policies for an aging society, increasing cross-sector partnerships, and involving communities in local transportation planning.
Disability is a complex, multidimensional issue defined by the interaction between impairments and environmental factors. In India, approximately 2.68 crore people or 2.21% of the population have a disability. Strengthening disability data is important for ensuring inclusive development and welfare initiatives for disabled people. Japanese Encephalitis is a major cause of disability in India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, where it has contributed to approximately 35-40 thousand cases over 30 years. Coordination between government schemes, NGO implementation, and legal protections is needed to promote the socio-economic development and safeguard the rights of disabled populations.
Enhancing women empowerment through information and communication technologyDr Lendy Spires
This report examines enhancing women's empowerment through information and communication technology (ICT). It aims to assess ICT infrastructure for women in rural versus urban areas and how women's social/economic backgrounds impact ICT workforce participation. It also evaluates ICT policies in education regarding scholarships, reservations, and self-employment programs for women. Finally, it assesses social and health implications of ICT for women workers. The report reviews literature, studies findings through research questions, and provides conclusions and suggestions. The overall goal is to understand how to strengthen ICT's role in empowering women across India.
This document discusses bridging the digital divide for people of all abilities through accessible information and communication technology (ICT) and assistive technology. It notes that 15% of the world's population lives with a disability. The document provides an introduction to a book that gives an overview on disability and digital inclusion through case studies on using accessible ICT to support people with disabilities in areas like employment, banking, tourism and education. The author believes that collaborative efforts can help make ICT universally accessible, enabling the rights of people with disabilities.
Women Participation in Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) in Ond...ijtsrd
- The study examined women's participation in community development projects in Ondo State, Nigeria. It analyzed data from 120 women involved in such projects.
- Most respondents were married with an average family size of 6 people. Over half worked in farming and the average monthly income was 18,700 naira.
- Participation levels in development projects were found to be low, with a mean score of 2.03. Significant relationships existed between participation levels and factors like age, family size, social status and occupation.
DEAF PEOPLE'S EXPERIENCE OF GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION FINAL v.1.2Clement Manoko
This document summarizes a study that explored deaf people's experiences with government communication in South Africa. The study found that deaf people felt government communication and access to public services needed improvement. Specifically, using South African Sign Language and interpreters was seen as an important way to address deaf people's communication needs when accessing government services. The study highlighted that communication barriers disproportionately impact people with disabilities and prevent them from accessing important public information and services.
The document discusses health hazards and impacts from alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use in Cairns District Health Service in Australia. It provides context on weather events like cyclones that frequently impact the area. It then outlines the harm minimization policy approach and issues facing marginalized groups. The document details the hazard management activities of the Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Service, including opioid treatment programs and needle and syringe programs. It provides information on pre-landfall and post-landfall procedures for cyclones, such as dosing clients early and following up with the most vulnerable after the storm passes.
Mobile telephony has evolved significantly in Sri Lanka. Martin Cooper invented the first portable cellular phone in 1973. Feature phones provided basic voice and SMS capabilities while smartphones added applications and more advanced functionality. Sri Lanka has over 19 million mobile subscribers as of 2012, giving it a mobile teledensity of 100 phones per 100 inhabitants. The country also has over 1 million internet subscribers on both fixed and mobile networks.
Thusitha Bodaragama is a technical manager with over 25 years of experience in the apparel industry. He has extensive experience managing production facilities with over 100 sewing lines in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Indonesia. His areas of expertise include product development, cost reduction, productivity improvements, and implementing new technologies. Currently, he is the Technical Manager at FCI (BD) Ltd in Bangladesh overseeing 4 plants with 72 production lines.
This document compares economic indicators of Singapore and Sri Lanka from 1970 to 2013. It shows that while Sri Lanka's GDP and exports were higher than Singapore's in 1970, Singapore experienced much stronger growth and its GDP and exports increased many times more than Sri Lanka's over this period. Key factors in Singapore's development included infrastructure investment, economic sector shifts away from agriculture, and becoming a major trade and transportation hub. The conclusion is that Singapore transformed from an undeveloped to developed country while Sri Lanka remains developing. Recommendations for Sri Lanka include increasing exports, trade, and pursuing rapid economic growth.
Consumer Bahaviour of Purchasing mobile phones in ampara district, Sri LankaDavid Croos
The document discusses factors that influence consumer buying behavior in the mobile industry. It analyzes data from a survey of 108 mobile phone users. Key findings include:
- Individual factors like brand, features, and price most attracted consumers to their last purchase. Friends' recommendations were the primary source of information.
- Social and cultural influences varied - while friends influenced brand choices for most, family influence on purchases was limited. Social class and culture had little direct impact on most consumers' decisions.
- While brands were considered important, many consumers were open to switching or buying different brands depending on features and options available. Preferences depended more on individual assessment than outside influences.
We Are Social's Guide to Social, Digital and Mobile in Sri Lanka, Dec 2011We Are Social Singapore
Sri Lanka has a population of 20.6 million people, with 1.7 million internet users and 1.1 million social media users. Mobile penetration is at 87% with over 18 million subscribers. Facebook is the dominant social platform, with Odel having the most Facebook likes of the top brands at over 130,000 likes. The report provides demographic and usage statistics on social media and mobile in Sri Lanka.
Factors Affecting Mobile Phone Brand Preference Empirical Study on Sri LankaRiyath Ismail
Abstract
This study gives an insight into the mobile market industry in Sri Lanka. Mobile phone manufactures and marketers are facing hyper competition in Sri Lanka as well as in the world mobile market. Mobile phone marketers should have clear idea about the factors which are affecting the choice of the mobile phone to design, produce, set price, communicate and promote the mobile phone in such manner to get more market share and win whole hard of the potential consumers and stakeholders. This study aims to find out the factors which are affecting the choice of a particular mobile brand when make purchase decision with reference to Sri Lankan university students. The primary data collected through online-based questionnaire designed and then sent to randomly selected students to respond who are following any programme of study in universities island-wide. Descriptive statistics; mean and standard deviation are used to identify the factors those are affecting the mobile brand preference. Price, stylish appearances and perceived quality are found as very important factors on purchase decision when selecting a mobile phone brand.
Negociation Techniques: Sri Lankan Government vs LTTE Analysis (MBA) Delta Value Consulting
This was for a class at MIT Sloan in 'Power and Negociation' and is an analysis of the negociating positions of the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE (Tamil Tigers) at the end of the civil war in 2009. This is purely theoretical and for class purposes only. We are completely neutral in our position.
Towards an Efficient and Robust Wireless Disaster Management Architecture for...IEEEP Karachi
The document discusses proposals for an efficient and robust wireless disaster management system for emergency response. It defines different types of disasters and how they are caused by natural hazards, environmental factors, or human instigation interacting with vulnerability. Examples of major historical disasters are provided from various locations dating back to ancient times that caused significant loss of life.
Anthropology and sociology are both social sciences that study humans, but they have different focuses. Anthropology takes a broader view, examining humans' physical and cultural evolution over time, as well as artifacts from the past. Sociology focuses more on how and why humans behave in certain ways within societies. While anthropology looks more at history and cultures across different groups, sociology examines current social behaviors and their development. Both fields provide insight into cultural practices and social norms.
Sociology and its difference with other social sciencesDr.Kamran Ishfaq
This document discusses the differences and relationships between sociology and other social sciences such as history, anthropology, political science, psychology, and economics. It explains that while each social science focuses on a different aspect of social life, they are also interrelated. For example, sociology studies modern societies and social institutions, anthropology studies primitive cultures, history studies past events, political science examines government and politics, psychology analyzes individual behavior, and economics deals with economic activities and organizations. The document provides details on the scope, methods, and focus of each discipline to clarify how they are both similar and distinct from sociology.
The document outlines the principles of sociology and anthropology as academic disciplines. It discusses the key areas and branches of each field. Sociology involves the scientific study of human interaction and social processes. It examines groups, institutions, and social change. Anthropology focuses on the study of human culture, behavior, and evolution across time and space. The main branches of anthropology described are physical, cultural, archaeology, and linguistics. Both sociology and anthropology aim to understand human societies and cultures through empirical, objective study.
Sociology is the study of human society and social interaction. It was coined by Auguste Comte in 1839 and is considered the youngest of the social sciences. There are two main perspectives on the scope of sociology - the specialist/formalistic school views it as studying specific aspects of human relationships, while the synthetic school sees it as studying all aspects of society. Sociology is important for nursing as most illnesses have social causes and consequences. Understanding sociology helps nurses deal with patients by comprehending their habits, norms, culture and behaviors. It also aids in understanding the social factors influencing health and barriers to treatment. Nurses can apply sociological knowledge to approach patients on emotional, cultural and intellectual levels.
Enabling Mobile Money Policies in Sri Lanka : The Rise of eZ CashAndrew Ariaratnam
The Central Bank of Sri Lanka spent 5 years developing a regulatory framework for mobile money that allowed both banks and non-banks like mobile network operators to provide services. This enabled the launch of eZ Cash by Dialog, Sri Lanka's largest mobile operator, which signed up over 1 million customers in its first year. The Central Bank's progressive approach helped expand financial access to Sri Lanka's unbanked, demonstrating how enabling policies can facilitate inclusive digital finance. eZ Cash is highly successful due to Dialog's investment and the regulatory framework, which sets risk-based know-your-customer rules and ensures customer funds in custodial bank accounts are protected. The Sri Lankan model provides lessons for both regulators seeking financial inclusion and mobile
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017LinkedIn
We analyzed all the recruiting activity on LinkedIn this year and identified the Top Skills employers seek. Starting Oct 24, learn these skills and much more for free during the Week of Learning.
#AlwaysBeLearning https://learning.linkedin.com/week-of-learning
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from the World Bank and others. It outlines the five components of women's empowerment and discusses women's status and empowerment across various areas in India such as education, employment, political participation, and access to resources. Challenges facing women in India are highlighted through various statistics. Government and non-government programs and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment are also summarized.
The document summarizes broadband connectivity projects in the rural municipalities of Ratlou in North West Province and Joe Morolong in Northern Cape Province funded by the Universal Service Fund of South Africa. Key points:
- Fibre networks were established connecting schools, clinics, and other community institutions using underutilized infrastructure from Broadband Infraco.
- Over 60 health and education sites gained internet access, promoting access to information and services in remote areas.
- The projects effectively introduced competition and incentivized further private sector expansion to neighboring regions.
Akili Preparatory School and Library is located in Obunga slum in Kisumu, Kenya. The report discusses the background of the community, including key assets like location, transportation, and agriculture potential, as well as areas needing improvement such as sanitation, health system, and unemployment. It also describes the Riley Orton Foundation, founded by David Omondi and Erick Otieno to empower women and girls in Obunga through education initiatives like Akili Library and Akili Preparatory School for girls.
The document discusses youth, youth development, youth unrest, policies, and issues facing youth such as unemployment. It defines key terms and outlines some major problems youth face like unemployment, lack of education, drug abuse, and sexual violence. Causes of unemployment mentioned include rapid population growth, changing technology, and lack of skills. The document also discusses policies and programs some countries have implemented to address youth unemployment, such as job guarantee schemes, education and employment programs, and youth parliaments. Sri Lanka is said to not have a cohesive national youth policy despite many youth issues.
The document provides background on Question Box, an NGO founded in 2006 to provide accessible information to populations facing barriers like illiteracy and lack of internet access. It does this through a voice-based mobile phone service that allows users to ask questions and receive responses. The summary discusses how Question Box started in India and Uganda, noting key statistics on the large populations that are illiterate or lack internet access. It also describes the Question Box model of using mobile networks to deliver expertise directly to underserved communities through two-way voice communication.
The document discusses the opportunity for mobile operators to empower women through increased mobile phone access and ownership. It notes that women are 21-37% less likely to own mobile phones than men depending on region. Closing this gender gap could connect an additional 300 million women. The document outlines how mobile access can benefit women through services like mobile health, education, banking and more. It argues that by supporting women's mobile access, operators can help socially while also expanding their customer base and generating more revenue over time.
The document discusses health hazards and impacts from alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use in Cairns District Health Service in Australia. It provides context on weather events like cyclones that frequently impact the area. It then outlines the harm minimization policy approach and issues facing marginalized groups. The document details the hazard management activities of the Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Service, including opioid treatment programs and needle and syringe programs. It provides information on pre-landfall and post-landfall procedures for cyclones, such as dosing clients early and following up with the most vulnerable after the storm passes.
Mobile telephony has evolved significantly in Sri Lanka. Martin Cooper invented the first portable cellular phone in 1973. Feature phones provided basic voice and SMS capabilities while smartphones added applications and more advanced functionality. Sri Lanka has over 19 million mobile subscribers as of 2012, giving it a mobile teledensity of 100 phones per 100 inhabitants. The country also has over 1 million internet subscribers on both fixed and mobile networks.
Thusitha Bodaragama is a technical manager with over 25 years of experience in the apparel industry. He has extensive experience managing production facilities with over 100 sewing lines in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Indonesia. His areas of expertise include product development, cost reduction, productivity improvements, and implementing new technologies. Currently, he is the Technical Manager at FCI (BD) Ltd in Bangladesh overseeing 4 plants with 72 production lines.
This document compares economic indicators of Singapore and Sri Lanka from 1970 to 2013. It shows that while Sri Lanka's GDP and exports were higher than Singapore's in 1970, Singapore experienced much stronger growth and its GDP and exports increased many times more than Sri Lanka's over this period. Key factors in Singapore's development included infrastructure investment, economic sector shifts away from agriculture, and becoming a major trade and transportation hub. The conclusion is that Singapore transformed from an undeveloped to developed country while Sri Lanka remains developing. Recommendations for Sri Lanka include increasing exports, trade, and pursuing rapid economic growth.
Consumer Bahaviour of Purchasing mobile phones in ampara district, Sri LankaDavid Croos
The document discusses factors that influence consumer buying behavior in the mobile industry. It analyzes data from a survey of 108 mobile phone users. Key findings include:
- Individual factors like brand, features, and price most attracted consumers to their last purchase. Friends' recommendations were the primary source of information.
- Social and cultural influences varied - while friends influenced brand choices for most, family influence on purchases was limited. Social class and culture had little direct impact on most consumers' decisions.
- While brands were considered important, many consumers were open to switching or buying different brands depending on features and options available. Preferences depended more on individual assessment than outside influences.
We Are Social's Guide to Social, Digital and Mobile in Sri Lanka, Dec 2011We Are Social Singapore
Sri Lanka has a population of 20.6 million people, with 1.7 million internet users and 1.1 million social media users. Mobile penetration is at 87% with over 18 million subscribers. Facebook is the dominant social platform, with Odel having the most Facebook likes of the top brands at over 130,000 likes. The report provides demographic and usage statistics on social media and mobile in Sri Lanka.
Factors Affecting Mobile Phone Brand Preference Empirical Study on Sri LankaRiyath Ismail
Abstract
This study gives an insight into the mobile market industry in Sri Lanka. Mobile phone manufactures and marketers are facing hyper competition in Sri Lanka as well as in the world mobile market. Mobile phone marketers should have clear idea about the factors which are affecting the choice of the mobile phone to design, produce, set price, communicate and promote the mobile phone in such manner to get more market share and win whole hard of the potential consumers and stakeholders. This study aims to find out the factors which are affecting the choice of a particular mobile brand when make purchase decision with reference to Sri Lankan university students. The primary data collected through online-based questionnaire designed and then sent to randomly selected students to respond who are following any programme of study in universities island-wide. Descriptive statistics; mean and standard deviation are used to identify the factors those are affecting the mobile brand preference. Price, stylish appearances and perceived quality are found as very important factors on purchase decision when selecting a mobile phone brand.
Negociation Techniques: Sri Lankan Government vs LTTE Analysis (MBA) Delta Value Consulting
This was for a class at MIT Sloan in 'Power and Negociation' and is an analysis of the negociating positions of the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE (Tamil Tigers) at the end of the civil war in 2009. This is purely theoretical and for class purposes only. We are completely neutral in our position.
Towards an Efficient and Robust Wireless Disaster Management Architecture for...IEEEP Karachi
The document discusses proposals for an efficient and robust wireless disaster management system for emergency response. It defines different types of disasters and how they are caused by natural hazards, environmental factors, or human instigation interacting with vulnerability. Examples of major historical disasters are provided from various locations dating back to ancient times that caused significant loss of life.
Anthropology and sociology are both social sciences that study humans, but they have different focuses. Anthropology takes a broader view, examining humans' physical and cultural evolution over time, as well as artifacts from the past. Sociology focuses more on how and why humans behave in certain ways within societies. While anthropology looks more at history and cultures across different groups, sociology examines current social behaviors and their development. Both fields provide insight into cultural practices and social norms.
Sociology and its difference with other social sciencesDr.Kamran Ishfaq
This document discusses the differences and relationships between sociology and other social sciences such as history, anthropology, political science, psychology, and economics. It explains that while each social science focuses on a different aspect of social life, they are also interrelated. For example, sociology studies modern societies and social institutions, anthropology studies primitive cultures, history studies past events, political science examines government and politics, psychology analyzes individual behavior, and economics deals with economic activities and organizations. The document provides details on the scope, methods, and focus of each discipline to clarify how they are both similar and distinct from sociology.
The document outlines the principles of sociology and anthropology as academic disciplines. It discusses the key areas and branches of each field. Sociology involves the scientific study of human interaction and social processes. It examines groups, institutions, and social change. Anthropology focuses on the study of human culture, behavior, and evolution across time and space. The main branches of anthropology described are physical, cultural, archaeology, and linguistics. Both sociology and anthropology aim to understand human societies and cultures through empirical, objective study.
Sociology is the study of human society and social interaction. It was coined by Auguste Comte in 1839 and is considered the youngest of the social sciences. There are two main perspectives on the scope of sociology - the specialist/formalistic school views it as studying specific aspects of human relationships, while the synthetic school sees it as studying all aspects of society. Sociology is important for nursing as most illnesses have social causes and consequences. Understanding sociology helps nurses deal with patients by comprehending their habits, norms, culture and behaviors. It also aids in understanding the social factors influencing health and barriers to treatment. Nurses can apply sociological knowledge to approach patients on emotional, cultural and intellectual levels.
Enabling Mobile Money Policies in Sri Lanka : The Rise of eZ CashAndrew Ariaratnam
The Central Bank of Sri Lanka spent 5 years developing a regulatory framework for mobile money that allowed both banks and non-banks like mobile network operators to provide services. This enabled the launch of eZ Cash by Dialog, Sri Lanka's largest mobile operator, which signed up over 1 million customers in its first year. The Central Bank's progressive approach helped expand financial access to Sri Lanka's unbanked, demonstrating how enabling policies can facilitate inclusive digital finance. eZ Cash is highly successful due to Dialog's investment and the regulatory framework, which sets risk-based know-your-customer rules and ensures customer funds in custodial bank accounts are protected. The Sri Lankan model provides lessons for both regulators seeking financial inclusion and mobile
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017LinkedIn
We analyzed all the recruiting activity on LinkedIn this year and identified the Top Skills employers seek. Starting Oct 24, learn these skills and much more for free during the Week of Learning.
#AlwaysBeLearning https://learning.linkedin.com/week-of-learning
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from the World Bank and others. It outlines the five components of women's empowerment and discusses women's status and empowerment across various areas in India such as education, employment, political participation, and access to resources. Challenges facing women in India are highlighted through various statistics. Government and non-government programs and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment are also summarized.
The document summarizes broadband connectivity projects in the rural municipalities of Ratlou in North West Province and Joe Morolong in Northern Cape Province funded by the Universal Service Fund of South Africa. Key points:
- Fibre networks were established connecting schools, clinics, and other community institutions using underutilized infrastructure from Broadband Infraco.
- Over 60 health and education sites gained internet access, promoting access to information and services in remote areas.
- The projects effectively introduced competition and incentivized further private sector expansion to neighboring regions.
Akili Preparatory School and Library is located in Obunga slum in Kisumu, Kenya. The report discusses the background of the community, including key assets like location, transportation, and agriculture potential, as well as areas needing improvement such as sanitation, health system, and unemployment. It also describes the Riley Orton Foundation, founded by David Omondi and Erick Otieno to empower women and girls in Obunga through education initiatives like Akili Library and Akili Preparatory School for girls.
The document discusses youth, youth development, youth unrest, policies, and issues facing youth such as unemployment. It defines key terms and outlines some major problems youth face like unemployment, lack of education, drug abuse, and sexual violence. Causes of unemployment mentioned include rapid population growth, changing technology, and lack of skills. The document also discusses policies and programs some countries have implemented to address youth unemployment, such as job guarantee schemes, education and employment programs, and youth parliaments. Sri Lanka is said to not have a cohesive national youth policy despite many youth issues.
The document provides background on Question Box, an NGO founded in 2006 to provide accessible information to populations facing barriers like illiteracy and lack of internet access. It does this through a voice-based mobile phone service that allows users to ask questions and receive responses. The summary discusses how Question Box started in India and Uganda, noting key statistics on the large populations that are illiterate or lack internet access. It also describes the Question Box model of using mobile networks to deliver expertise directly to underserved communities through two-way voice communication.
The document discusses the opportunity for mobile operators to empower women through increased mobile phone access and ownership. It notes that women are 21-37% less likely to own mobile phones than men depending on region. Closing this gender gap could connect an additional 300 million women. The document outlines how mobile access can benefit women through services like mobile health, education, banking and more. It argues that by supporting women's mobile access, operators can help socially while also expanding their customer base and generating more revenue over time.
Bangkok | Mar-17 | Women and their role in Smart villagesSmart Villages
Women play a key role in developing smart villages through entrepreneurship and providing sustainable solutions. They can help disseminate energy solutions through their community networks. Examples from countries like Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Cambodia show how women are providing off-grid solar power and clean water, generating income and investing in their communities. For smart villages to be inclusive and sustainable, women need access to education, financing, mentors, and an enabling environment that supports their economic participation and challenges social norms. Meeting basic needs, empowering women with assets and opportunities, and transforming underlying power structures are all part of developing smart villages that leave no one behind.
Putting Children First: Session 1.6.D Gina Porter - Physical and virtual mobi...The Impact Initiative
Putting Children First: Identifying solutions and taking action to tackle poverty and inequality in Africa.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-25 October 2017
This three-day international conference aimed to engage policy makers, practitioners and researchers in identifying solutions for fighting child poverty and inequality in Africa, and in inspiring action towards change. The conference offered a platform for bridging divides across sectors, disciplines and policy, practice and research.
WOUGNET Presentation during the ICT4Democracy in East Africa Workshop December 2012
Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET)
info@wougnet.org
ICT for Democracy :
By: Goretti Z. Amuriat
Email: zgamuriat@wougnet.org
This document discusses the successes and challenges of using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Africa to promote development. Some key successes highlighted include the rapid expansion of mobile phone access across Africa, the transformative impact of M-Pesa mobile banking in Kenya, and the use of mobile phones to support activism campaigns. However, the document also notes challenges such as ICTs only being part of the solution and not addressing other needs like capacity building; institutional contexts sometimes constraining what can be achieved; and systems not benefiting the poorest groups. The implications discussed for the ICT4D community include the need for multidisciplinarity, having a strategic agenda, and adopting strong ethical norms.
The document discusses a case study of the Balaju squatter settlement in Kathmandu, Nepal. It finds that residents are from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds and ethnic groups, with many migrating due to unemployment, poverty, or natural disasters. They engage in informal livelihood strategies like daily labor and small businesses. The settlement lacks basic infrastructure and residents live in vulnerable conditions. NGOs are working to improve livelihood opportunities and living standards, but long-term policy solutions are still needed to address urban poverty in Kathmandu's squatter communities.
NPF 'The State of Play' - Derry/Londonderry presentationJustin Gleeson
The document discusses a presentation given by the All-Island Research Observatory (AIRO) on cross-border flows and connections between Ireland and Northern Ireland. AIRO collects and analyzes spatial data to support planning across the island. The presentation covered population trends, cross-border commuting flows between key cities and towns, economic indicators, and health data for both jurisdictions. Key findings included approximately 30,000 daily cross-border commutes, higher population growth in Ireland compared to Northern Ireland, differences in age profiles and unemployment rates, and higher rates of self-reported poor health in Northern Ireland versus Ireland.
The Tamilnadu Differently Abled Federation Charitable Trust was started in 2000 to promote the welfare and rights of persons with disabilities in Tamilnadu. It works across 3 districts to empower women and girls with disabilities through education, livelihood training, advocacy, and promoting their rights. However, women and girls with disabilities face multiple challenges including discrimination, lack of access to healthcare and education, and increased risk of violence. The organization addresses these issues through various awareness, skills training, and empowerment programs.
MAMA GLADYS COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE KAJIAD NORTH, ONGATA RONGAI KWARE AREA P.O BOX 51522-00100 Nairobi-Kenya EMAIL ADDRESS;-mgladys.communitylc@yahoo.com
WEBSITE:- www.patanishovolunteersinternational.kbo.co.ke
MGCLC LOCATION, OFFICE AND BACKGROUND: The registered coordination office of MGCLC is located at KWARE TRADING CENTER, KWARE LOCATION, of plot number OCC.LND16/KWARE/TML 111/830 registered under the name –AFRICAN ISRAEL NINEVEH CHURCH, This is a COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATION (CBO). CONTACTS: The contact address for MGCLC shall be : C/O Livingstone Ofula Amakati P. O. Box 51522-00100 Nairobi Kenya Email address:-mgladys.communitylc@yahoo.com Telephone numbers:- 0720-548802, /0737677633, /0711-152935 TARGET. To offer free education from early child education to Primary 1 to eight and secondary form one to form four. To accommodate 480 to 520 girls and boys children day school only. To provide school uniform, textbooks, exercised books first and lunch to all students. To employ 28 Teachers for six
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Mobile Phones, Empowerment and Female Headed Households -Trincomalle district , Sri Lanka
1. Mobile Phones,
Empowerment and Female
Headed Households:
Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
Achala Abeykoon
PhD Candidate
Faculty of Arts & Education
Deakin University, Australia
2. The Outline
• Introduction
• Research Problem
• Research Objectives
• Research Questions
• Theoretical Frameworks
• Literature Review
• Research Methodology
• Findings & discussion
• Conclusions
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 2
3. Introduction
• By the end of 2015 – Mobile-cellular subscriptions is more than 7 billion worldwide
with a penetration rate of 96.8. (ITU 2015)
• Ease of use, convergent nature, wider availability & affordability have converted the
mobile phone into an ICT4D (ICT for Development) to empower the poor and
oppressed. (Gurumurthy 2004; Samarajiva
2008)
• Post-conflict countries can leapfrog into the mobile age rather than reconstruct fixed
networks. (Jamali 2003; Samarajiva et al. 2008)
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 3
4. Country Profile
• Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the northern Indian Ocean with 65,610 sq. kms
of land area.
• Sri Lanka is a ethnically and culturally diverse country with a 20,902,928 million of
population in 2014.
• Official Languages – Sinhala, Tamil and English
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 4
Source: Government of Sri Lanka, 2013
Ethnic composition of Sri Lanka Religious composition
5. • Sri Lanka achieved the status of a middle-income country in 2010.
• Main sectors of GDP - services (59.5%), industry (29.3%) & agriculture
(11.2%).
• Unemployment rate is 4.9 % (by 2010) and the population living below the
poverty line is 15.2 %. (Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2012)
• Sri Lanka is still recovering from the civil conflict fought mainly between the
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan Government –
between early 1980s and 2009.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 5
Country Profile cont…
6. The Trincomalee District
• The research sites of this study is from the Trincomalee, one of the
three districts in Eastern province.
• Total population - 378, 182- a multi-ethnic & multi-religious society
(Dept. of Census & Statistics 2012)
• A strategically important district with its natural harbor - 5th largest
natural harbour in the world
• Main economic sectors – agriculture, fisheries & tourism
• Internally displaced population - 131,760
• 74% due to the conflict & 26% due to the Tsunami (2004)
• Increased number of female headed households - a critical
consequence of the war and Tsunami
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 6
7. • 42,565 war widows in the Eastern province, representing 18.6% of FHHs in
the country (The Ministry of Women and Child Affairs; Eastern Provincial Council
2011)
• Widows in Trincomalee - 14, 605, the highest number of widows (5948) are
Tamils.
• Thus, the Government encourages them to be engaged in income earning
activities – with a SL Rs. 200, 000 per family given as a loan and a block of
land.
• Yet, many widows are unable to claim them as their marriages had not been
officially registered or no legal document regarding their widow status is
available when the death certificate for the husband cannot be provided.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 7
Female Headed cont.…
8. Mobile Communications in Sri Lanka
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 8
• First country in South Asia to commence mobile cellular
communication and 3G & 4G networks.
• By September, 2014 – 21,727,589 mobile subscribers
while mobile subscription per 100 people was 105
(Telecommunication Regulatory Commission Sri Lanka, 2015)
• By 2012, 90.62% - pre-paid mobile subscribers and
9.38% - post-paid subscribers (GSMA 2013)
• 2013 – 90% covered by 2G & 70% by 3G networks
3G Coverage in Sri Lanka
Source: Mobitel 2013
9. • However, despite the island-wide mobile coverage and high competition within
the mobile market, mobile penetration is still lower in rural areas where the
majority of the population lives.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 9
Urban Vs Rural Mobile Penetration
Source: GSMA Intelligence 2013, p.6
10. Mobile Communication in the Eastern Province
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 10
• Due to the civil conflict, telecommunications within Eastern and Northern
provinces did not enjoy optimum levels until recently
• There is still a high demand for mobile phones in the war-affected Northern and
Eastern parts of the country where nearly 14% of the country’s total population
lives (GSMA Intelligence 2013, p. 5; Dept. of Census & Statistics 2013)
• In the Eastern province, only 63.5% of households owned a telephone/cellular
phone, the lowest in the country; while the highest 86.0% is in the Western
province which includes the capital Colombo.
• At present, leading mobile operators have created special packages to attract
more customers from these provinces with a special emphasis made on
international call rates. (SLT 2013, p. 60; Etisalat - biggest winner at the Effie Awards 2012)
11. Research Problem
• The study will explore:
• how the mobile phone functions in empowering female heads of households
in the Trincomalee district, Sri Lanka which is recovering from a 30-year civil
war and the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami.
• how the use of mobile phones by the female heads of households in
Trincomalee District, Sri Lanka is shaped by the gendered power relations
and inequalities in their respective cultures and communities.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 11
12. Research Objectives
• To explore:
• How female heads of households achieve empowerment through the day-to-
day use of mobile phones in Trincomalee district, Sri Lanka.
• How the gendered power relations and inequalities within society may be
reinforced and challenged through their usage.
• How they have appropriated the mobile phone, shaped by socio – economic,
cultural and demographic factors.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 12
13. Research Questions
1. For what purposes do female heads of households use the mobile phone?
2. What constraints if any, do they experience in their day- to-day use of mobile
phones?
3. How do socio-economic factors and demographic characteristics of female
heads of households influence their adoption and appropriation of mobile
phones?
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 13
14. Theoretical framework
• The study uses the epistemology of constructionism which believes in reality as
created when the object (the phone) and the subject (the user) - which are both
active, come together to make meanings of the object. (Crotty 1998)
• It applies theoretical approach of critical theory - points out something that is
wrong or unfair in society and examines the power relations embedded in the
situation and whose interests are served in the process. (Calhoun 1995)
• It is based on action research- an applied research and methodology that aims to
empower the powerless and oppressed in society (Kemmis & McTaggart
2011)
• It uses
• the interpretivist paradigm - discusses how people make meanings of their actions
when carried out for a particular purpose (Williams & May 1996)
• The functionalist paradigm - looks at causes for particular human behaviours14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 14
15. Literature Review
• Women use mobile phones to maintain their family and social relationships
• gain social and spatial empowerment
• a higher level of safety and security attained is the most important benefit (Bayes et al. 1999;
Handapangoda & Kumara 2013; Wei and Lo 2006; Tacchi, Kitner & Crawford 2012; Wanasundera 2012)
• Economic empowerment –
• Female entrepreneurs of SMEs - seek relevant information, skip middlemen, obtain pricing
information and placing orders without travelling (Bayes et al. 1999; Sundari 2010; Potnis 2011; Tacchi, Kitner &
Crawford 2012; Wanasundara 2012)
• Enabling women – Those physically challenged/ mothers with young children - to work outside
the home
• Women can discuss financial and management matters with migrated husbands (Potnis 2011;
Aminuzzaman et al. 2002; Richardson, Ramirez & Haq 2000)
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 15
16. • Expose women previously difficult- to- acquire information caused by constraints
imposed on travel outside the home (Goggin & Clark 2009; Lee 2009; Potnis 2011; Handapangoda & Kumara 2013)
• Mobile phone used within informal and non-formal educational contexts. (Balasubramanian’s et
al. 2010)
• Reduced levels of domestic abuse and conflicts due to frequent communication
between married women and their families and women’s ability to keep their husbands
and family members updated about their whereabouts (which often leads to conflicts
due to family anxiety about the women’s safety) (Lee 2009; Tacchi, Kitner & Crawford 2012)
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 16
Literature Review cont…
17. • Reinforcement of gender power relations:
• Village Pay Phone operators, predominantly rural Bangladeshi women who lent their mobile
phones to other villagers for a fee, later handed them over to their husbands or older children,
mostly male (Hultberg 2008).
• Women without their own mobile phones not allowed to use those of their family members
(Sundari 2010).
• Restrictions on their mobile phone use by male members of the family (Tacchi, Kitner & Crawford 2012).
• Main category of social contacts - husbands, children and female friends (Potnis 2011).
• ‘Nuisance calls’ received from (known or strange) men (Potnis 2011, pp. 43 & 44; Wanasundere 2012)
• Unemployed women must depend on their husbands for mobile expenditures (Potnis 2011;
Wanasundere 2012)
• Gender digital divide - 124 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone in South Asia
(GSMA Development Fund, The Cherie Blair Foundation and Vital Wave Consulting 2010)
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 17
Literature Review cont…
18. • None of the studies look solely at female heads of households despite its growing
number in the global south.
• Many have focused on more homogeneous female groups.
• Many have taken the quantitative approach in data gathering and analysis.
• It is important to examine the relevance and accessibility of services, type of
content provided by mobile operators and current policy regulations.
• Studies in Sri Lanka:
• Mainly conducted in the southern parts of the country
• Focused on mobile use by the people in the Bottom of the Pyramid & on telecommunication
regulations
• Focused on ICTs in general.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 18
Literature Review cont…
19. Research Methodology
• The study is based on action research methodology, aiming to achieve a change
through social, economic and political development of a group of marginalised
women living in remote and rural areas with less resources.
• Action research uses the experiences of research participants to generate data
because it believes that participants are capable of giving reasons for their
actions and goals. (Kemmis & McTaggart, p. 573; Gray 2009, p.
313)
• The project obtained ethics clearance submitted using the National Ethics
Application Form (NEAF) via the Deakin University Human Research Ethics
Committee (DUHREC), Reference Number 2014 – 125, as it involves field
observations in remote areas overseas.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 19
20. • Qualitative data collection methods:
• Depth interviews
• Focus groups
• Population of the study were the female heads of households who are
owners or have used a mobile phone during the previous three months in
the Trincomalee District in Sri Lanka.
• The study was conducted in 2 DS divisions (Town & Gravets and Kinniya)
of Trincomalee district from September to November, 2014.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 20
Research Methodology cont…
21. • Total of 30 semi-structured depth interviews with female heads of
households were conducted - use of voluntary, purposive and snowball
sampling
• 10 each from the Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims
• 6 focus groups –
• 6- 8 participants each (total of 36- 48 individuals) - a purposive sample of
female heads of households representing all three ethnicities of the local
population.
• Membership of focus groups will be kept homogeneous as to their ethnicity
and socio-economic status for a smoother flow of discussions.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 21
22. Data Analysis
• The grounded theory method (Glaser & Strauss 1967; Strauss & Corbin 1990) was
used to analyse transcribed interviews, focus group discussions and field
notes.
• The transcribed data of interviews and focus group discussions and field
notes were then categorised in accordance with the research questions
and the theoretical framework of the study. The coding ended with a
theoretical saturation.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 22
23. Findings & Discussions
• Many of the participants have engaged in income earning activities and
have become more interactive with the outside world after being the head
of their households.
• Mobile phone has enabled them to balance their income earning activities
and family responsibilities.
• As a result, it provided them a higher level of security, safety, reassurance
and self-confidence in carrying out their daily activities.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 23
24. • They practised innovative strategies for the effective and efficient use of
their mobile expenses.
• They have their own reasons to use a particular mobile phone, service
provider and mobile phone functions and services.
• Participants whose husbands or relatives have migrated were more likely
to use smart phones, yet their interaction with them is limited to
interpersonal communication purposes.
• None of them used Value Added Services except ring in tones and only
two participants used mobile money services.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 24
25. • Their interaction with the mobile phone was significantly shaped by the
gendered power relations, inequalities and their multiple identities.
• Almost everyone of then have received and harassed by ‘nuisance calls’
more than once.
• Mainly Sinhalese and Tamil participants have been heavy users of the mobile
phone before the marriage, yet after the marriage they have limited their
interactions.
• Many of the Muslim participants have started using the mobile phone after the
migration of their husbands as they are keen on maintaining the relationships
and not to be abandoned.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 25
Findings & Discussions cont…
26. • All the participants mentioned that they are afraid of rumours about illicit
liaisons and that they value maintaining their self-respect and reputation in
their societies.
• They seek advice and help for their mobile phone adoption and related issues
from a male family member, a male relation or male neighbours.
• Their adoption of the mobile phone has been shaped by their marriage, male
migration, separation or widowhood and their children.
• Although these practices limit their use of the technology, there were many
instances in which they challenged these gendered harassments.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 26
Findings & Discussions cont…
27. Conclusion
• While man-made and natural destruction have disempowered and
victimised the women in Sri Lankan society, these disasters have also
liberated women making them stronger and transforming their agency and
traditional gender roles .
• Therefore, their present position in society is reflected in their mobile
phone use as they assist such women to be more self-reliant and
liberated.
• On the other hand, expected responsibilities and the role of a faithful,
obedient wife, responsible mother and a respected single woman in a
patriarchal society is reflected on their interaction with the mobile phone.
14/06/15 Achala Abeykoon 27