This document discusses broken authentication and session management attacks. It defines authentication and session management, and explains the risks of broken implementations which can undermine controls and lead to privacy violations and identity theft. Several examples of attacks are described in detail, including brute force attacks, session hijacking, replay attacks, and issues with insufficient session expiration. General guidelines for prevention are outlined, such as unique user IDs, password complexity policies, secure communication, credential storage best practices, and proper logout functionality.
Module 13 (web based password cracking techniques)Wail Hassan
Password cracking doesn't have to involve fancy tools, but it's a fairly tedious process. If the target doesn't lock you out after a specific number of tries, you can spend an infinite amount of time trying every combination of alphanumeric characters. It's just a question of time and bandwidth before you break into a system.
The most common passwords found are password, root, administrator, admin, operator, demo, test, webmaster, backup, guest, trial, member, private, beta, [company_name] or [known_username].
Security guidelines for web developmentkumar gaurav
This document outlines security guidelines for secure web development. It discusses best practices for input/output encoding, input validation, cache control, usage of tokens, proper session management, database security, file upload security, human/robot identification, security configuration, transport layer protection, user authorization, password policy, disabling HTTP TRACE methods, iframe security, and setting secure flags for cookies. Implementing these guidelines helps secure a web application from common vulnerabilities.
A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method to decrypt encrypted data like passwords by exhaustively checking all possible combinations without using any intelligent strategies. It is always successful eventually but can require billions of years for systems with long keys. Tools like Brutus and THC-Hydra are used to perform brute force attacks against network services to guess passwords stored in dictionaries. Session IDs, files/directories, credit card information, and password retrieval questions are also potential targets of brute force attacks. While processing intensive, brute force does not require much setup but can take a very long time.
Ceh v5 module 13 web based password cracking techniquesVi Tính Hoàng Nam
This module provides an overview of web-based password cracking techniques. It discusses authentication mechanisms like basic authentication and digest authentication. It describes how password crackers work using brute force and dictionary attacks. Various password cracking tools are listed like Cain & Abel, Hydra, and John the Ripper. The module also covers countermeasures like using strong passwords and password policies to prevent password cracking.
This is a multi-faceted workshop that explores new concepts in web security. After a solid grounding in well-known exploits like cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgeries (CSRF), I'll demonstrate how traditional exploits are being used together and with other technologies like Ajax to launch sophisticated attacks that penetrate firewalls, target users, and spread like worms. I'll then discuss some ideas for the future, such as evaluating trends to identify suspicious activity and understanding human tendencies and behavior to help provide a better, more secure user experience.
Security analysis of a single sign on mechanism for distributed computer netw...JPINFOTECH JAYAPRAKASH
The document summarizes a paper that analyzes the security of a single sign-on (SSO) mechanism for distributed computer networks proposed by Chang and Lee. It finds two impersonation attacks against their scheme - a credential recovering attack that allows a malicious provider to impersonate a user after communicating with them twice, and an impersonation attack without credentials that allows outsiders to access services without a valid credential. It proposes using verifiable encryption of RSA signatures to repair the Chang-Lee scheme and identifies sound authentication as an open problem.
In a session fixation attack, the attacker fixes the user's session ID before the user logs into the target server, eliminating the need for the attacker to later obtain the user's session ID. This is done by tricking the user into logging in using a session ID previously obtained or selected by the attacker, allowing the attacker to then access the user's account using the same fixed session ID. The paper details the process of session fixation attacks and provides recommendations for protecting systems against such attacks.
Module 13 (web based password cracking techniques)Wail Hassan
Password cracking doesn't have to involve fancy tools, but it's a fairly tedious process. If the target doesn't lock you out after a specific number of tries, you can spend an infinite amount of time trying every combination of alphanumeric characters. It's just a question of time and bandwidth before you break into a system.
The most common passwords found are password, root, administrator, admin, operator, demo, test, webmaster, backup, guest, trial, member, private, beta, [company_name] or [known_username].
Security guidelines for web developmentkumar gaurav
This document outlines security guidelines for secure web development. It discusses best practices for input/output encoding, input validation, cache control, usage of tokens, proper session management, database security, file upload security, human/robot identification, security configuration, transport layer protection, user authorization, password policy, disabling HTTP TRACE methods, iframe security, and setting secure flags for cookies. Implementing these guidelines helps secure a web application from common vulnerabilities.
A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method to decrypt encrypted data like passwords by exhaustively checking all possible combinations without using any intelligent strategies. It is always successful eventually but can require billions of years for systems with long keys. Tools like Brutus and THC-Hydra are used to perform brute force attacks against network services to guess passwords stored in dictionaries. Session IDs, files/directories, credit card information, and password retrieval questions are also potential targets of brute force attacks. While processing intensive, brute force does not require much setup but can take a very long time.
Ceh v5 module 13 web based password cracking techniquesVi Tính Hoàng Nam
This module provides an overview of web-based password cracking techniques. It discusses authentication mechanisms like basic authentication and digest authentication. It describes how password crackers work using brute force and dictionary attacks. Various password cracking tools are listed like Cain & Abel, Hydra, and John the Ripper. The module also covers countermeasures like using strong passwords and password policies to prevent password cracking.
This is a multi-faceted workshop that explores new concepts in web security. After a solid grounding in well-known exploits like cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgeries (CSRF), I'll demonstrate how traditional exploits are being used together and with other technologies like Ajax to launch sophisticated attacks that penetrate firewalls, target users, and spread like worms. I'll then discuss some ideas for the future, such as evaluating trends to identify suspicious activity and understanding human tendencies and behavior to help provide a better, more secure user experience.
Security analysis of a single sign on mechanism for distributed computer netw...JPINFOTECH JAYAPRAKASH
The document summarizes a paper that analyzes the security of a single sign-on (SSO) mechanism for distributed computer networks proposed by Chang and Lee. It finds two impersonation attacks against their scheme - a credential recovering attack that allows a malicious provider to impersonate a user after communicating with them twice, and an impersonation attack without credentials that allows outsiders to access services without a valid credential. It proposes using verifiable encryption of RSA signatures to repair the Chang-Lee scheme and identifies sound authentication as an open problem.
In a session fixation attack, the attacker fixes the user's session ID before the user logs into the target server, eliminating the need for the attacker to later obtain the user's session ID. This is done by tricking the user into logging in using a session ID previously obtained or selected by the attacker, allowing the attacker to then access the user's account using the same fixed session ID. The paper details the process of session fixation attacks and provides recommendations for protecting systems against such attacks.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
This document discusses using one-time passwords to prevent phishing attacks. Phishing involves attackers setting up fake websites to steal users' confidential information. To address this, the document proposes authenticating users with one-time passwords delivered over a secondary channel rather than static passwords. This would require the attacker to know the user's account, secondary channel identity and password to intercept the OTP, making phishing more difficult to succeed. The document outlines how OTP authentication works and its security advantages over traditional passwords.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a security vulnerability that allows malicious code to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types of XSS attacks: non-persistent reflects the user's input back without filtering; persistent stores the input and displays it later to other users; and DOM-based exploits vulnerabilities in client-side scripts. XSS attacks are used to hijack user accounts, steal cookies, and conduct phishing scams. Developers can prevent XSS by sanitizing all user input, using encoding on untrusted fields, and keeping software updated.
The document discusses cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. It defines XSS as allowing malicious scripts to be served to users from a vulnerable website. There are different types of XSS vulnerabilities including those without storage and with storage of malicious scripts on the website. The document provides examples of XSS vulnerabilities and discusses how they can be used to steal user credentials and track users. It also outlines challenges in preventing XSS vulnerabilities.
This 5-day Certified Ethical Hacker training course teaches students how to scan, test, hack, and secure their own systems by learning the techniques used by hackers. The course covers topics like footprinting, scanning, enumeration, system hacking, viruses, sniffers, denial of service attacks, session hijacking, web server hacking, web application vulnerabilities, password cracking, SQL injection, and wireless and cryptography attacks. The goal is to help security professionals and network administrators enhance cybersecurity by thinking like an attacker in order to defend systems from real-world threats.
The document defines security attacks and threats. It describes different types of attacks like passive attacks, active attacks, insider attacks, phishing attacks, spoofing attacks, hijack attacks, exploit attacks and password attacks. It also discusses two common threats - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL injection. XSS involves injecting malicious code snippets while SQL injection embeds malicious code in a poorly-designed app passed to the backend database.
An XSS attack is a type of vulnerability that allows malicious scripts to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: reflected XSS occurs when a link containing malicious code is clicked; stored XSS injects code directly into a vulnerable website, potentially affecting many users; DOM-based XSS involves injecting code into a website hosted on a user's local system, allowing the attacker to access that user's browser privileges. The document provides examples of how XSS attacks work and can be used to hijack accounts, insert hostile content, steal cookies, and redirect users.
This document discusses identification and authentication methods. It begins by defining identification as announcing who you are, while authentication proves that you are who you claim to be. Passwords are a common authentication method, but they can be guessed or stolen. The document then examines alternative authentication approaches, including something you know (like a password or PIN), something you hold (like a smart card), who you are (biometrics like fingerprints), what you do (handwriting analysis), and where you are (only allowing logins from approved locations). Biometrics are discussed in depth, including related concepts like false acceptance rates, equal error rates, and issues from real-world incidents. The document evaluates different identification and authentication techniques and their strengths
Certified Ethical Hacking - Book Summaryudemy course
The document discusses techniques for scanning computer networks to identify vulnerabilities, including port scanning, firewall mapping, and identifying open ports and services. It describes common scanning methods like TCP and UDP scanning, stealth scanning, XMAS scanning, and idle scanning. Tools mentioned include nmap and netcat for port scanning, and traceroute for mapping network topology and devices. The goal of scanning is to gather information about exposed systems and services before attempting exploitation.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Sudhanshu Raman to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. The report discusses graphical password authentication techniques. It begins by acknowledging the guidance provided. It then provides an introduction to graphical passwords and their advantages over alphanumeric passwords. It describes four main algorithms used in graphical passwords: Draw-A-Secret (DAS), Grid Selection, PassPoint, and Déjà vu. It compares these algorithms based on security factors like resistance to attacks and password space/entropy. It concludes that PassPoint and Grid Selection are more secure but Grid Selection is not very user-friendly, while DAS has usability advantages but lower security due to password space.
This document summarizes a presentation on cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and the XSS Alert tool. It defines XSS as enabling attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages. It describes three types of XSS attacks and provides an example of a reflected XSS attack. It also discusses DOM security, how XSS Alert works to detect XSS vulnerabilities, and demonstrates an XSS attack on a Yahoo server.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (XSRF) are two related web application vulnerabilities. XSS involves injecting malicious scripts into a web application to steal user data or perform actions on the user's behalf. XSRF tricks authenticated users into performing actions in a web application by submitting forged requests, since their browser will automatically include authentication cookies. While mitigations like validating HTTP referrers can help prevent XSRF, XSS can still be used to bypass these by scraping tokens or directly launching attacks from within compromised pages. Together, XSS and XSRF pose serious risks if not properly mitigated in web applications that handle sensitive data or perform sensitive actions.
Cross site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications, but in proposing defensive measures for cross site scripting the websites validate the user input and determine if they are vulnerable to cross site scripting. The major considerations are input validation and output sanitization.
There are lots of defense techniques introduced nowadays and even though the coding methods used by developers are evolving to counter attack cross site scripting techniques, still the security threat persist in many web applications for the following reasons:
• The complexity of implementing the codes or methods.
• Non-existence of input data validation and output sanitization in all input fields of the application.
• Lack of knowledge in identifying hidden XSS issues etc.
This proposed project report will briefly discuss what cross site scripting is and highlight the security features and defense techniques that can help against this widely versatile attack.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is an injection attack where malicious scripts are injected into otherwise trusted sites. There are three main types of XSS attacks: reflected XSS occurs via URLs, stored XSS occurs when scripts are stored in a database and delivered to users, and DOM-based XSS modifies the DOM environment. XSS attacks can lead to issues like session hijacking, phishing, and port scanning. Developers can prevent XSS by validating and encoding untrusted data, and using HTTP-only and secure flags for cookies.
Unlimited Length Random Passwords for Exponentially Increased SecurityIJCSEA Journal
This document proposes a new method to exponentially strengthen passwords against cracking by injecting random strings of random length at random positions within the password before encrypting it. The random strings are separated from the original password by delimiter strings chosen by the user. When decrypted, the random strings can be identified and removed using the delimiter strings to extract the original password. This method makes password cracking much more difficult by scattering the original password characters and increasing the search space for attackers. Security factors are calculated showing passwords encrypted with this method would take exponentially longer times, such as trillions of years, to crack using brute force attacks compared to traditionally padded passwords. The method can also be applied to encrypt other sensitive data like credit card numbers or cryptocurrency information
A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method to decrypt encrypted data like passwords by exhaustively checking all possible combinations without using any intelligent strategies. It is always successful eventually but can require billions of years for systems with long keys. Tools like Brutus and THC-Hydra are used to perform brute force attacks against network services to guess passwords stored in dictionaries. Session IDs, files/directories, credit card information, and password retrieval questions are also potential targets of brute force attacks. While processing intensive, brute force does not require much setup but can take a very long time.
Seminar on various security issues faced by PHP developers and ways to avoid them.
The Examples used in the seminar can be downloaded from -> http://www.sanisoft.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/security.tar.gz
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
This document discusses using one-time passwords to prevent phishing attacks. Phishing involves attackers setting up fake websites to steal users' confidential information. To address this, the document proposes authenticating users with one-time passwords delivered over a secondary channel rather than static passwords. This would require the attacker to know the user's account, secondary channel identity and password to intercept the OTP, making phishing more difficult to succeed. The document outlines how OTP authentication works and its security advantages over traditional passwords.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a security vulnerability that allows malicious code to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types of XSS attacks: non-persistent reflects the user's input back without filtering; persistent stores the input and displays it later to other users; and DOM-based exploits vulnerabilities in client-side scripts. XSS attacks are used to hijack user accounts, steal cookies, and conduct phishing scams. Developers can prevent XSS by sanitizing all user input, using encoding on untrusted fields, and keeping software updated.
The document discusses cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. It defines XSS as allowing malicious scripts to be served to users from a vulnerable website. There are different types of XSS vulnerabilities including those without storage and with storage of malicious scripts on the website. The document provides examples of XSS vulnerabilities and discusses how they can be used to steal user credentials and track users. It also outlines challenges in preventing XSS vulnerabilities.
This 5-day Certified Ethical Hacker training course teaches students how to scan, test, hack, and secure their own systems by learning the techniques used by hackers. The course covers topics like footprinting, scanning, enumeration, system hacking, viruses, sniffers, denial of service attacks, session hijacking, web server hacking, web application vulnerabilities, password cracking, SQL injection, and wireless and cryptography attacks. The goal is to help security professionals and network administrators enhance cybersecurity by thinking like an attacker in order to defend systems from real-world threats.
The document defines security attacks and threats. It describes different types of attacks like passive attacks, active attacks, insider attacks, phishing attacks, spoofing attacks, hijack attacks, exploit attacks and password attacks. It also discusses two common threats - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL injection. XSS involves injecting malicious code snippets while SQL injection embeds malicious code in a poorly-designed app passed to the backend database.
An XSS attack is a type of vulnerability that allows malicious scripts to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: reflected XSS occurs when a link containing malicious code is clicked; stored XSS injects code directly into a vulnerable website, potentially affecting many users; DOM-based XSS involves injecting code into a website hosted on a user's local system, allowing the attacker to access that user's browser privileges. The document provides examples of how XSS attacks work and can be used to hijack accounts, insert hostile content, steal cookies, and redirect users.
This document discusses identification and authentication methods. It begins by defining identification as announcing who you are, while authentication proves that you are who you claim to be. Passwords are a common authentication method, but they can be guessed or stolen. The document then examines alternative authentication approaches, including something you know (like a password or PIN), something you hold (like a smart card), who you are (biometrics like fingerprints), what you do (handwriting analysis), and where you are (only allowing logins from approved locations). Biometrics are discussed in depth, including related concepts like false acceptance rates, equal error rates, and issues from real-world incidents. The document evaluates different identification and authentication techniques and their strengths
Certified Ethical Hacking - Book Summaryudemy course
The document discusses techniques for scanning computer networks to identify vulnerabilities, including port scanning, firewall mapping, and identifying open ports and services. It describes common scanning methods like TCP and UDP scanning, stealth scanning, XMAS scanning, and idle scanning. Tools mentioned include nmap and netcat for port scanning, and traceroute for mapping network topology and devices. The goal of scanning is to gather information about exposed systems and services before attempting exploitation.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Sudhanshu Raman to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. The report discusses graphical password authentication techniques. It begins by acknowledging the guidance provided. It then provides an introduction to graphical passwords and their advantages over alphanumeric passwords. It describes four main algorithms used in graphical passwords: Draw-A-Secret (DAS), Grid Selection, PassPoint, and Déjà vu. It compares these algorithms based on security factors like resistance to attacks and password space/entropy. It concludes that PassPoint and Grid Selection are more secure but Grid Selection is not very user-friendly, while DAS has usability advantages but lower security due to password space.
This document summarizes a presentation on cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and the XSS Alert tool. It defines XSS as enabling attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages. It describes three types of XSS attacks and provides an example of a reflected XSS attack. It also discusses DOM security, how XSS Alert works to detect XSS vulnerabilities, and demonstrates an XSS attack on a Yahoo server.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (XSRF) are two related web application vulnerabilities. XSS involves injecting malicious scripts into a web application to steal user data or perform actions on the user's behalf. XSRF tricks authenticated users into performing actions in a web application by submitting forged requests, since their browser will automatically include authentication cookies. While mitigations like validating HTTP referrers can help prevent XSRF, XSS can still be used to bypass these by scraping tokens or directly launching attacks from within compromised pages. Together, XSS and XSRF pose serious risks if not properly mitigated in web applications that handle sensitive data or perform sensitive actions.
Cross site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications, but in proposing defensive measures for cross site scripting the websites validate the user input and determine if they are vulnerable to cross site scripting. The major considerations are input validation and output sanitization.
There are lots of defense techniques introduced nowadays and even though the coding methods used by developers are evolving to counter attack cross site scripting techniques, still the security threat persist in many web applications for the following reasons:
• The complexity of implementing the codes or methods.
• Non-existence of input data validation and output sanitization in all input fields of the application.
• Lack of knowledge in identifying hidden XSS issues etc.
This proposed project report will briefly discuss what cross site scripting is and highlight the security features and defense techniques that can help against this widely versatile attack.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is an injection attack where malicious scripts are injected into otherwise trusted sites. There are three main types of XSS attacks: reflected XSS occurs via URLs, stored XSS occurs when scripts are stored in a database and delivered to users, and DOM-based XSS modifies the DOM environment. XSS attacks can lead to issues like session hijacking, phishing, and port scanning. Developers can prevent XSS by validating and encoding untrusted data, and using HTTP-only and secure flags for cookies.
Unlimited Length Random Passwords for Exponentially Increased SecurityIJCSEA Journal
This document proposes a new method to exponentially strengthen passwords against cracking by injecting random strings of random length at random positions within the password before encrypting it. The random strings are separated from the original password by delimiter strings chosen by the user. When decrypted, the random strings can be identified and removed using the delimiter strings to extract the original password. This method makes password cracking much more difficult by scattering the original password characters and increasing the search space for attackers. Security factors are calculated showing passwords encrypted with this method would take exponentially longer times, such as trillions of years, to crack using brute force attacks compared to traditionally padded passwords. The method can also be applied to encrypt other sensitive data like credit card numbers or cryptocurrency information
A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method to decrypt encrypted data like passwords by exhaustively checking all possible combinations without using any intelligent strategies. It is always successful eventually but can require billions of years for systems with long keys. Tools like Brutus and THC-Hydra are used to perform brute force attacks against network services to guess passwords stored in dictionaries. Session IDs, files/directories, credit card information, and password retrieval questions are also potential targets of brute force attacks. While processing intensive, brute force does not require much setup but can take a very long time.
Seminar on various security issues faced by PHP developers and ways to avoid them.
The Examples used in the seminar can be downloaded from -> http://www.sanisoft.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/security.tar.gz
Sharing our agency experience of developing secure web applications for some of the UK's leading high street banks and brands with a focus on the pitfalls you face when developing code in PHP. The talk will contain specific details on the many attack vectors that hackers will use to attempt to access and exploit your site and how you can improve your development process to avoid them.
Topics covered will include some old chestnuts like XSS (Cross Site Scripting) and SQL injection through to issues like aSession Hijacking.
The talk is aimed at developers who have perhaps not truly considered security of their applications before to developers who would like to extend their knowledge. The talk is aimed at software developers and will contain practical code-based examples and solutions.
This document discusses various web application security vulnerabilities and best practices for PHP developers. It covers topics like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (XSRF), file inclusion, information dissemination, command injection, remote code injection, session hijacking, session fixation, and cookie forging. For each vulnerability, it provides examples and recommendations on how to prevent attacks, such as input validation, output encoding, using prepared statements, limiting privileges, and regenerating session IDs. The overall message is that security should be a top priority and developers should never trust user input.
Good Secure Development Practices Presented By: Bil Corry lasso.pro Education Project. It recommends validating all user input, distrusting even your own requests, and taking a layered approach to validation, enforcement of business rules, and authentication. Some specific best practices include implementing positive authentication, principle of least privilege, centralized authorization routines, separating admin and user access, and ensuring error handling fails safely.
The operating system plays a key role in system security as vulnerabilities at the OS level expose the entire system. System administrators must provide defenses against attacks by keeping OSs updated. Survivable systems resist attacks, recognize and recover from attacks, and adapt defenses. Regular backups stored off-site are crucial for disaster recovery. Intentional attacks aim to gain unauthorized access through techniques like denial of service attacks, viruses, and blended threats combining multiple malicious payloads. Comprehensive protection requires antivirus software, firewalls, access controls, encryption, and careful password management with strong, unique, and regularly changed passwords.
In an active attack, the threat actor takes action to change or manipulate data on a target system or en route to the target. Common types of active attacks include masquerade attacks where the attacker pretends to be an authorized user, session hijacking attacks where the attacker steals a user's session information, message modification attacks where the attacker intercepts and alters messages, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks which overwhelm system resources with traffic to cause disruption. Passive attacks involve monitoring networks without changing data in preparation for potential future active attacks.
Rest API Security - A quick understanding of Rest API SecurityMohammed Fazuluddin
This document discusses REST API security methods. It provides an overview of authentication and authorization and describes common security methods like cookie-based authentication, token-based authentication, OAuth, OpenID, and SAML. It then compares OAuth2, OpenID, and SAML and discusses best practices for securing REST APIs like protecting HTTP methods, validating URLs, using security headers, and encoding JSON input.
AN INNOVATIVE PATTERN BASED PASSWORD METHOD USING TIME VARIABLE WITH ARITHMET...ijistjournal
In today’s world, securing the assets is necessary that can be done by password. But imagine if password is stolen or hacked then what about the security of assets? In this Paper, we have discussed the major attacks as well as password authentication / security methods and techniques. We have proposed a password security method, where arithmetic operations are performed on user selected pattern from time variables to generate secure password. The task of validating the password or authentication of user can be done on both client and server side. We have analysed how proposed scheme defends across brute force, dictionary, phishing, shoulder surfing, key logger, video recording and replay attacks. To the best of our knowledge, our pattern based time variable password method with arithmetic operation is the one which is able to defend against the all major attacks together.
The document discusses authentication, authorization, and accounting (the three As) as a leading model for access control. It describes authentication as identifying users, usually with a username and password. Authorization gives users access to resources based on their identity. Accounting (also called auditing) tracks user activity like time spent and services accessed. The document provides details on different authentication methods like passwords, PINs, smart cards, and digital certificates. It emphasizes the importance of strong passwords and changing them regularly.
Authentication and session management are important aspects of network security. Authentication verifies a user's identity, while session management maintains user access after authentication. Common authentication methods include passwords, multifactor authentication, and digital signatures. Session management uses session IDs and cookies to track authenticated users and can be vulnerable to hijacking attacks. Developers should implement standard security practices like encryption, complex passwords, and short session timeouts to strengthen authentication and prevent session threats.
PowerPoint Presentation On Ethical Hacking in Brief (Simple)Shivam Sahu
PowerPoint Presentation On Ethical Hacking in Brief (Simple) Easy To Understand for all MCA BCA Btech Mtech and all Student who want a best powerpoint or seminar presentation on Ethical Hacking
Week Topic Code Access vs Event Based.pptxArjayBalberan1
The document discusses code access security and evidence-based security models in .NET. It covers basic security concepts like authentication, authorization, and threats. It then describes how .NET uses evidence like strong names and publishers to determine the permissions granted to assemblies based on policy levels and code groups. The .NET configuration tools allow editing and creating custom permissions and code groups.
Ethical hacking Chapter 12 - Encryption - Eric VanderburgEric Vanderburg
The document discusses encryption and certificate management. It describes how certificates expire after a validity period, but can be renewed if the keys are still valid. Certificates can also be revoked for reasons like a user leaving a company or a private key being compromised. A Certificate Revocation List tracks revoked certificates. The document also outlines best practices for backing up keys and setting up a Microsoft Root Certificate Authority.
The document discusses session management concepts and best practices. It covers session identifiers acting as authentication tokens, enforcing reasonable session lifespans, leveraging existing session management solutions, and forcing a change of session ID after login to prevent session fixation attacks.
A walkthrough of web application defense strategies, based around the Open Web Application Security Project's top 10 list. Presented to the Classic City Developers Meetup in August 2017.
Similar to Mobile Application Security - Broken Authentication & Management (20)
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...APNIC
Adli Wahid, Senior Internet Security Specialist at APNIC, delivered a presentation titled 'Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...APNIC
Md. Zobair Khan,
Network Analyst and Technical Trainer at APNIC, presented 'Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
5. Broken Authentication & Session
Management Attack
Authentication is the process of verification that an individual.
Identification must be unique.
To access user need to provide private information along with it.
example: password or secret answer.
Session Management is a process by which a server maintains the state of
an entity interacting with it.
Broken Authentication and Session Management attacks are anonymous
attacks with the intention to try and retrieve personal information.
Reason: Account credentials and sessions tokens are often not properly
protected.
6. Broken Authentication & Session
Management
Risks
Undermine authorization and accountability controls
cause privacy violation
Identity Theft
Method of attack: use weaknesses in authentication
mechanism
Logout
Password Management
Timeout
Remember me
Etc.
10. Brute Force Attack
Automatic process to get access.
An attacker configure predetermined values, making requests to a server using
those values, and then analyzing the response.
System sends a value and waits for the response, then tries another value, and so
on. Attacker keep trying different values until they get access. It can take one
minute, one day, one month or one year and so on.
Easy to gain access which doesn’t decrypt the request.
Many systems allow the use of weak passwords
Cycle through a dictionary (word by word).
Try commonly use passwords.
Same techniques can use to guess encryption keys as well.
To prevent password cracking by using a brute-force-attack one should always use
long and complex passwords.
11. Brute Force Attack (cont.)
Brute Force Attacks not only use to get access of passwords. It can use for
various stuffs.
Examples:
Cracks Offline Software Passwords or License Key
Discover Hidden Pages (if page response ok it will reply 200 if not then
response is 404)
12. Brute Force Attack (cont.)
Normal Brute Force
For one username,
Attacker tests many passwords
Username = priam
Passwords = 1234567, qwertz, asdfgh, abcd, ....
[pet names], [birthdays], [car names], [dictionary]
13. Brute Force Attack (cont.)
Reverse Brute Force
In Reverse Brute Force Attacks attacker tries one password against multiple
usernames. Think if you know a password but do not have any idea of the
usernames.
For one password,
Attacker tests many usernames
Efficient if the system has millions of users
The chance that many users use the same weak password dramatically increases.
Usernames= Priam, Jane, Eric, Guenter,...
Password = 12345678
14. Prevent Brute Force Attacks
Account Lock
Use Captcha
Use Authentication (oAuth or oAuth2)
OpenId
16. Session Spotting Attack
Attacker has possibility to listen to the traffic via IP level (sniffer)
Client connects to the HTTP server www.mysite.com
Visits a page containing a login form (url is HTTPS)
Receives a cookie containing his session ID
Sends his credentials encrypted (HTTPS)
Attacker receives following information
Session ID
Sees that the user has sent his credentials (using an encrypted connection to the
server)
Attacker can use the cookie to be recognized as the legitimate user!
18. Replay Attack
A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data
transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed.
Example:
The Victim wants to log on a web site. Victim sends username and password. Web
Site verifies the couple. If an attacker can listen to the information transferred
Sniffer (unencrypted) / Trojan (encrypted).He can log-in the system using
Username and Password.
Another Example:
Alice wants to prove her identity to Bob. Bob requests her password as proof of
identity, which Alice dutifully; meanwhile, Eve is sniffing on the conversation and
keeps the password. After the interchange is over, Eve (posing as Alice) connects
to Bob; when asked for a proof of identity, Eve sends Alice's password read from
the last session which Bob accepts, thus granting Eve access.
19. Prevent Replay Attack
Two factor authentication device can fix it.
Brac Bank Hardware Token login system
User receives a 2FA Device from bank.
when the user wants to log in, he first need to be recognized by the 2FA Device.
Types a PIN on the 2FA Device.
User receives a OTP (One Time Password) sent by 2FA Device.
The 2FA computes a response (OTP) (can be used only one time)
The user types the response of the system on the screen
User is logged in!
No replay Attack is possible here, since the information transferring on the
network is only usable once.
21. Session Fixation Attack
Session fixation attacks attempts a system which allows one person to fixate
(find or set) another person's session identifier.
Most session fixation attacks are web based, and most rely on session
identifiers being accepted from URLs (query string) or POST data.
Attacker use some common technique for Session Fixation
URL Parameter
Hidden Form Field
Cookie
23. Session Fixation Example
Attacker creates a session on a web server
Sends a Request,
Get a Response containing a cookie
(SESSION ID=1234abcd5678)
Attacker needs to maintain this session alive (send requests
regularly)
Attacker sends this Session ID to the victim
Can be included in a phishing.
He sends an email containing the reference to the following
URL : http://www.gmail.com/?page=...&SESSION_ID=1234abcd.
Can be just a reference to an image on the targeted site:
<img src="http://www.gmail.com/?SESSION_ID=1234abcd">
24. Prevent Session Fixation
Do not accept session identifiers from GET / POST variables
Identity confirmation
Regenerate Session ID on each request
Timeout IDs
26. Session Hijacking
The Session Hijacking attack consists of the exploitation of the web session control
mechanism, which is normally managed for a session token.
Because http communication uses many different TCP connections, the web server
needs a method to recognize every user’s connections.
The most useful method depends on a token that the Web Server sends to the
client browser after a successful client authentication.
A session token is normally composed of a string of variable width and it could be
used in different ways, like
in the URL
in the header of the http requisition as a cookie
in other parts of the header of the http request
or yet in the body of the http requisition.
27. Session Hijacking (cont.)
The session token could be compromised in different ways, the most common
are:
Predictable session token
Session Sniffing
Client-side attacks (XSS, malicious JavaScript Codes, Trojans, etc)
30. Session Hijacking (cont.)
Many web sites generate session ID with proprietary algorithms
Increment static numbers
Can be more complicated (factoring in time and other computer specific variables)
Session ID is sent to the client
An attack can be:
Attacker connects to the web site and gets a session ID
Attacker calculates or Brute Forces the next session ID
Attacker switches the value of the cookie and assumes the identity of the next
user!
32. Insufficient Session Expiration
Insufficient Session Expiration occurs when a web application permits an
attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.
Session expiration is comprised of two timeout types: inactivity and absolute.
An absolute timeout is defined by the total amount of time a session can be valid
without re-authentication.
An inactivity timeout is the amount of idle time allowed before the session is
invalid.
Suppose logout function sends the victim to site’s home-page without deleting
the session Or more likely, that the user just closed the window without
logging-out.
34. Prevention: General Guidelines
User Id or name must be unique.
Email address can be use as user id.
Password Complexity.
Password Topologies: ban commonly used, force different passwords, or require
user to change their password in a require period.
Authentication relies on secure communication and credential storage. Try to use
SSL (Security Socket Layers) – https for such type authentication otherwise
listening to credentials are possible.
All credentials should be stored in hashed or encrypted form
Attack on the database or file system should not compromise credentials
password should systematically be hashed
Private keys should never be stored clear text
35. Prevention: General Guidelines (cont.)
Don’t use Self-made session or SSO systems.
Try to avoid remember me option where possible.
Try to avoid using single sign-ons like One click login.
Start login process from an encrypted page.
Take care of logout process. Make sure all sessions are closed as soon as user
logged out from your application.
Use One Time Password or 2 Factor Authentication before accessing sensible
data.
Use timeout for handling sessions. Select time duration as less as possible.
Be careful with phishing emails.
Use Strong Captcha on application and many more.
36. Reference
OSWAP – Mobile Security Top 10
OSWAP – Mobile Security Checklist
OWASP - Authentication and Session Management
OWASP - Authentication and Session Management (What is and How to)
Hackingloops – Authentication and Session Management
Brac Bank Hardware Token Manual
Brute Force Attacks - http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/populartoolsforbrute-
forceattacks/
Brute Force Attacks – Wikipedia
Sitepoint – Replay Attacks by (Ben Dickson
(https://www.sitepoint.com/author/bdickson/)
Preventive Measures for Securing Web Applications using Broken Authentication and
Session Management Attacks: a Study by Bharti Nagpal
Session Fixation Vulnerability in Web-based Applications by acros