This document contains the resume of Mobeen Ahmed Khan. It lists his contact information and outlines his professional experience working in sales, customer service, and VAS planning roles for Symsoft and CMPAK (ZonG) between 2009-2012. His responsibilities included preparing proposals, managing bids, supporting customers, planning new services, and coordinating with vendors. He has strong skills in technical solutions, communication, and project management, especially within the telecommunications domain.
Benchmark is a systems integrator that provides complete broadcast solutions from concept to commissioning and beyond. They offer on-site integration, engineering, and support services to broadcasters throughout Asia. Benchmark aims to understand each client's unique needs and objectives to design custom solutions that ensure goals are met. Their experience and independent approach allows them to design the best solution for each client's specific workflow needs.
Paul Harvey is an experienced Electrical Engineer with 22 years of experience in military, rail, and transportation engineering. He has 18 years of experience commissioning, maintaining, and engineering a wide range of rail vehicles. Currently he works as a Project Reliability Engineer for Bombardier Transportation, where he has achieved significant improvements in fleet reliability and availability. He leads teams and supports multiple projects, displaying strong technical, communication, and organizational skills.
Hossam Rashad is a resourceful and analytical professional with over 20 years of experience in telecommunications projects. He currently works as a Key Account Manager at Mobiserve Holding Egypt where he is responsible for sales, client relations, proposal preparation, and contract negotiations. Previously, he worked as a Project Manager and Senior Installation Engineer at Mobiserve Holding Egypt and Alkan Networks where he led the installation and implementation of various 2G, 3G, and transmission equipment projects. Rashad holds a Bachelor's degree in Communication Engineering and project management certifications.
Srikanth V has over 6 years of experience in VoIP and currently works as a Senior NOC Engineer at FlightCase IT Services Pvt Ltd in Pune, India. He is responsible for monitoring network performance, testing routes, configuring new routes, and coordinating with vendors on hardware and software issues. Previously, he held roles as a VoIP Engineer, Sales Executive, and Technical Engineer at several companies where he troubleshot VoIP systems, configured switches, and ensured customer issues were resolved.
Abdullah Salah Abdullah Bashnain is seeking a challenging position that allows him to improve his skills. He has over nine years of experience in telecommunications engineering, specializing in value-added services and intelligent networks. He has worked extensively with SMSC, MMSC, USSD, RBT, VMS, and other platforms. Bashnain is proficient in technologies from vendors including Jinny, NSN, Red Knee, and Huawei. He is skilled in areas such as network planning, operations, maintenance, service design, and technical support.
Christopher Huff has over 15 years of experience in telecommunications, including 8 years as an Area Manager for AT&T overseeing 10 managers and 160 technicians. He has expertise in various technologies including Uverse, IPTV, VoIP, and optical networking equipment. Huff started as a Premise Technician at AT&T and was promoted to manager within 5 years. He currently seeks a position utilizing his experience in field operations management, technical training, and leadership development.
Mohammed Mujeeb UrRahman is a senior project manager with over 12 years of experience in telecommunications project management. He holds a B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering and certifications in Six Sigma Green Belt and Project Management Professional (PMP). Currently working as a senior technical project manager at Mobily Etihad Etisalat, his responsibilities include providing fiber connectivity solutions for business customers and ensuring projects are delivered on time. He has previous experience managing projects in Mobily, STC and other companies in Saudi Arabia.
Suhas S.P has over 4 years of experience in purchasing, supply chain management, and mechanical engineering. He currently works as a Deputy Manager for New Product Development at Mahindra Reva, where he is responsible for project management, budgeting, supplier relationship management, and cost reduction. Previously he worked at Volvo, where he gained experience in sourcing, supplier selection, negotiations, project management, and supply chain analysis. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering.
Benchmark is a systems integrator that provides complete broadcast solutions from concept to commissioning and beyond. They offer on-site integration, engineering, and support services to broadcasters throughout Asia. Benchmark aims to understand each client's unique needs and objectives to design custom solutions that ensure goals are met. Their experience and independent approach allows them to design the best solution for each client's specific workflow needs.
Paul Harvey is an experienced Electrical Engineer with 22 years of experience in military, rail, and transportation engineering. He has 18 years of experience commissioning, maintaining, and engineering a wide range of rail vehicles. Currently he works as a Project Reliability Engineer for Bombardier Transportation, where he has achieved significant improvements in fleet reliability and availability. He leads teams and supports multiple projects, displaying strong technical, communication, and organizational skills.
Hossam Rashad is a resourceful and analytical professional with over 20 years of experience in telecommunications projects. He currently works as a Key Account Manager at Mobiserve Holding Egypt where he is responsible for sales, client relations, proposal preparation, and contract negotiations. Previously, he worked as a Project Manager and Senior Installation Engineer at Mobiserve Holding Egypt and Alkan Networks where he led the installation and implementation of various 2G, 3G, and transmission equipment projects. Rashad holds a Bachelor's degree in Communication Engineering and project management certifications.
Srikanth V has over 6 years of experience in VoIP and currently works as a Senior NOC Engineer at FlightCase IT Services Pvt Ltd in Pune, India. He is responsible for monitoring network performance, testing routes, configuring new routes, and coordinating with vendors on hardware and software issues. Previously, he held roles as a VoIP Engineer, Sales Executive, and Technical Engineer at several companies where he troubleshot VoIP systems, configured switches, and ensured customer issues were resolved.
Abdullah Salah Abdullah Bashnain is seeking a challenging position that allows him to improve his skills. He has over nine years of experience in telecommunications engineering, specializing in value-added services and intelligent networks. He has worked extensively with SMSC, MMSC, USSD, RBT, VMS, and other platforms. Bashnain is proficient in technologies from vendors including Jinny, NSN, Red Knee, and Huawei. He is skilled in areas such as network planning, operations, maintenance, service design, and technical support.
Christopher Huff has over 15 years of experience in telecommunications, including 8 years as an Area Manager for AT&T overseeing 10 managers and 160 technicians. He has expertise in various technologies including Uverse, IPTV, VoIP, and optical networking equipment. Huff started as a Premise Technician at AT&T and was promoted to manager within 5 years. He currently seeks a position utilizing his experience in field operations management, technical training, and leadership development.
Mohammed Mujeeb UrRahman is a senior project manager with over 12 years of experience in telecommunications project management. He holds a B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering and certifications in Six Sigma Green Belt and Project Management Professional (PMP). Currently working as a senior technical project manager at Mobily Etihad Etisalat, his responsibilities include providing fiber connectivity solutions for business customers and ensuring projects are delivered on time. He has previous experience managing projects in Mobily, STC and other companies in Saudi Arabia.
Suhas S.P has over 4 years of experience in purchasing, supply chain management, and mechanical engineering. He currently works as a Deputy Manager for New Product Development at Mahindra Reva, where he is responsible for project management, budgeting, supplier relationship management, and cost reduction. Previously he worked at Volvo, where he gained experience in sourcing, supplier selection, negotiations, project management, and supply chain analysis. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering.
Vivek Srivastava has over 15 years of experience in IT project delivery and management. He currently works as a Service Delivery Manager for Tech Mahindra, managing delivery of projects for Telefonica UK. Some of the applications and projects he has managed include OSS applications, billing systems, supply chain management systems, and inventory systems. He has expertise in Agile, waterfall methodologies, delivery management, and ensuring projects are delivered on time and on budget.
This document provides a detailed summary of Bassem Mokhtar Kamel Khalil's career history and qualifications. It outlines his educational background in telecommunications engineering, as well as over 20 years of experience in commercial strategy, project management, and technical training roles for Nokia in Egypt, Qatar, Congo, Libya, Turkey, Kenya, Pakistan, Oman, Yemen, Afghanistan, South Africa and other countries. His responsibilities have included commercial strategy support, risk assessment, training program management, and technical instruction and support for wireless network deployments and equipment.
Karim Youssef is an experienced supply chain production planner seeking a new position. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering and an MBA. Karim has over 10 years of experience working in automotive and electronics industries for companies like LEONI and General Motors, where he specialized in production planning, scheduling, and supplier coordination. He is proficient in English, German, and Arabic and has strong computer and presentation skills.
Thomas Hooton has over 26 years of experience in the wireless industry supporting operations, engineering, project management, construction and sales. He has a track record of motivating teams, managing projects on schedule, and reporting on operations. His experience includes budget management, implementing project schedules, overseeing multi-phase deployments, software installation, fiber distribution, and meeting customer service level agreements. He is proficient in various technologies including LTE, HSPA, UMTS, data, remote radio heads, DAS deployment, microwave deployment, fiber optics, Ethernet backhaul, and more.
The document describes a company that provides a unique technology for creating and managing digital media networks using small screens installed in various locations. The company aims to position itself as a leading international media company through partnerships and by installing over 60,000 screens globally by 2013. The technology allows wireless content management and broadcasting to screens without internet connectivity requirements.
Michael E. Field has over 20 years of experience in audio/video, video conferencing, and unified communications. He has held roles as a video conferencing engineer, project manager, solution architect, and lead telecommunications analyst. He has expertise in equipment from manufacturers such as AMX, Crestron, Polycom, and Tandberg. He is proficient in several software programs and operating systems and has experience managing multi-million dollar projects.
Dennis Carter has over 30 years of experience in engineering management roles within the defense communications industry. He has managed engineering teams ranging from 5 to 50 people and was responsible for budgets, program management, system design, and technical leadership on bids. His career highlights include successfully leading trials teams to win contracts and managing business units to achieve financial targets.
James Carr is seeking a position as an installer or project manager in the telecommunications industry with over 22 years of experience installing and maintaining diverse telecommunication systems. He has a history of supervising installation crews and completing large projects on time, including installing over 90 phones and 50 CCTV cameras for Manhattan Lexus in under 90 days. Carr is currently enrolled in further education at Gloucester County Community College and has extensive training and certifications in various telecommunication systems.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience of Dayasant as a senior engineer specializing in testing 3G/UMTS/HSPA+/LTE/VoLTE/VoWifi technologies. Over 6 years of experience, Dayasant has tested radio access networks, designed test scenarios, analyzed logs and troubleshot issues. Dayasant has expertise in protocols like IMS-SIP, RRC, RANAP and tools like Wireshark, QXDM and has worked on projects with Nokia, NSN, Vodafone testing VoLTE, VoWifi and enterprise products.
Sanjay Sharma has over 8.5 years of experience in technical support, installation, product maintenance, managed services, testing, and operations in the telecom industry. He is currently working as a Technical Solution Leader for Aricent on the VISPL Europe project. Previously he has worked on projects for Hutchinson 3G in the UK, MTN in Ivory Coast, Idea, TTSL, BSNL, and VSNL in India. He is experienced with IMS, 4G/LTE, CS core, packet core, and ZTE, Nokia, and Oracle switching platforms.
Kieran Ryan is an experienced IT professional with over 18 years of experience in the IT and telecommunications industry. He currently works as a Senior Sales Engineer for Phoneware Ltd, where he is responsible for developing new marketing strategies. Prior to this, he held roles such as Account Manager, Technical Trainer, Pre-Sales Engineer, and Software Developer. Ryan has extensive experience in sales, technical presentations, product implementation, training, and account management. He has managed large accounts including Dublin City Council, Servier Ireland, and the US Embassy in Cairo.
The document contains job descriptions for several roles at Clearswift, including sales, marketing, engineering and technical support positions in the UK, Europe, Germany and Australia. The roles involve developing relationships with enterprise customers, managing partner channels, developing security software, and providing technical support to customers. Clearswift is looking for experienced professionals to sell and support their new IT security solutions portfolio.
This resume summarizes the experience of Atul Chaudhry working in the telecommunications industry with a focus on switching systems. Some key points:
- Over 15 years of experience in 3G core networks including VOLTE, IMS, LTE, MSS, HLR and testing. Specializes in CS core networks.
- Held roles as a core expert and team leader at Nokia Taiwan, supporting projects, upgrades, migrations and issue resolution.
- Also has experience working with Telkomsel in Indonesia, providing support, troubleshooting complex issues and skill development.
- Earlier experience includes work with Nokia, Siemens and other telecom companies in India, China and Taiwan on G
Bijit Sarkar is seeking a position that offers challenges and opportunities for growth. He has over 2 years of experience in telecommunications including configuration management, translations, and troubleshooting on wireless soft switches. He is proficient in Lucent MSC configurations and understands call flows and protocols. Bijit also has experience in recruitment, business development, and team management. He is skilled in Linux, scripting, and several telecom tools. Currently, he works as an Assistant Engineer at Ericsson Global India Services where he performs network changes, routing implementations, and resolves trouble tickets.
This document is Jennifer Ann Perez's resume. It summarizes her professional experience working for Mercedes-Benz USA from 2003 to 2015, where she held several roles in forecasting, distribution, and purchasing. Her responsibilities included forecasting vehicle volumes, managing vehicle inventory levels, implementing distribution policies, and conducting internal audits. She saved the company millions of dollars through her work. The resume also lists her skills, education, and contact information.
Jeremy W. Ammons is seeking a position that allows him to utilize his acquired skills to enhance company success. He has 20 years of experience in various roles including project manager, commercial sales specialist, combat readiness instructor, and tactical satellite communications crew chief. Currently, he is pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree from Middle Georgia State University with a 3.75 GPA and expects to graduate in May 2017.
Rosemarie Tee-Tamondong is a core network engineer and project manager with over 9 years of experience in telecom planning, engineering, service delivery, asset management, and vendor management. She has a proven track record of managing multiple projects including new technology deployments. Her technical skills include experience with platforms like CPIN, HSS, HLR, and hardware from Nokia, Huawei, and others. She is currently a core engineering lead at Smart Communications where she manages projects involving elements like MGW ATCA and oversees the homing plan and purchase orders for the network.
Harish Bondam is a telecommunications professional with 2 years of experience in areas like planning, optimization, and RF product design for technologies such as GSM, LTE, and VoLTE. He has experience testing VoLTE networks for major carriers in the US using tools like XCAL-MO, X-CAP, and Gladiator. He also has experience designing RF products for benchmarking and has a strong understanding of LTE and VoLTE call flows and protocols.
Amith Kumar S N_BE_4.10Years_IMS and SIP TestingAmith Kumar S N
The candidate seeks a challenging role to further his career growth over 4+ years of experience in software testing. He has expertise in TTCN3 scripting, manual testing, test planning and defect tracking. Recent projects involved testing IMS protocols, SIP, and mobile applications for LG and Orange. The candidate is certified in software testing foundations and aims to continuously improve through challenges.
Cv Project manager & solution architect ftthTaha. Ali.
Taha Ali has over 19 years of experience in the telecom industry working on projects in Morocco, Senegal, China, and Spain. He has worked with many telecom operators and vendors on various technologies including FTTX, GPON, microwave transmission, and mobile networks. Currently, he is a project manager and solution architect providing end-to-end solutions for operators such as Maroc Telecom, INWI, and Orange.
IPv6 deployment architecture for broadband access networksAPNIC
At CommunicAsia 2016, Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discussed the design option for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth.
Systems that meet stringent service availability (SA) and high availability (HA) requirements have been around for decades, but diverse segments use varied terminology to describe the same concepts. This session will provide a high-level technical overview of the Service Availability™ Forum standards and the support of those standards within OpenSAF, allowing those familiar with HA concepts to map their terminology to SA Forum and OpenSAF terminology.
The session will also help those relatively new to OpenSAF or the HA domain to familiarize themselves with the terms and concepts. This session will lay the technical foundation for the remainder of the conference so that attendees get the most out of the more detailed presentations that follow.
OpenSAF involves a number of complex ideas and is designed to work in many different environments. In order to make it easy for new users to get started, we will also detail options that new users have to educate themselves about OpenSAF and relevant environments for using the code base and interacting with the community.
great, th
Vivek Srivastava has over 15 years of experience in IT project delivery and management. He currently works as a Service Delivery Manager for Tech Mahindra, managing delivery of projects for Telefonica UK. Some of the applications and projects he has managed include OSS applications, billing systems, supply chain management systems, and inventory systems. He has expertise in Agile, waterfall methodologies, delivery management, and ensuring projects are delivered on time and on budget.
This document provides a detailed summary of Bassem Mokhtar Kamel Khalil's career history and qualifications. It outlines his educational background in telecommunications engineering, as well as over 20 years of experience in commercial strategy, project management, and technical training roles for Nokia in Egypt, Qatar, Congo, Libya, Turkey, Kenya, Pakistan, Oman, Yemen, Afghanistan, South Africa and other countries. His responsibilities have included commercial strategy support, risk assessment, training program management, and technical instruction and support for wireless network deployments and equipment.
Karim Youssef is an experienced supply chain production planner seeking a new position. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering and an MBA. Karim has over 10 years of experience working in automotive and electronics industries for companies like LEONI and General Motors, where he specialized in production planning, scheduling, and supplier coordination. He is proficient in English, German, and Arabic and has strong computer and presentation skills.
Thomas Hooton has over 26 years of experience in the wireless industry supporting operations, engineering, project management, construction and sales. He has a track record of motivating teams, managing projects on schedule, and reporting on operations. His experience includes budget management, implementing project schedules, overseeing multi-phase deployments, software installation, fiber distribution, and meeting customer service level agreements. He is proficient in various technologies including LTE, HSPA, UMTS, data, remote radio heads, DAS deployment, microwave deployment, fiber optics, Ethernet backhaul, and more.
The document describes a company that provides a unique technology for creating and managing digital media networks using small screens installed in various locations. The company aims to position itself as a leading international media company through partnerships and by installing over 60,000 screens globally by 2013. The technology allows wireless content management and broadcasting to screens without internet connectivity requirements.
Michael E. Field has over 20 years of experience in audio/video, video conferencing, and unified communications. He has held roles as a video conferencing engineer, project manager, solution architect, and lead telecommunications analyst. He has expertise in equipment from manufacturers such as AMX, Crestron, Polycom, and Tandberg. He is proficient in several software programs and operating systems and has experience managing multi-million dollar projects.
Dennis Carter has over 30 years of experience in engineering management roles within the defense communications industry. He has managed engineering teams ranging from 5 to 50 people and was responsible for budgets, program management, system design, and technical leadership on bids. His career highlights include successfully leading trials teams to win contracts and managing business units to achieve financial targets.
James Carr is seeking a position as an installer or project manager in the telecommunications industry with over 22 years of experience installing and maintaining diverse telecommunication systems. He has a history of supervising installation crews and completing large projects on time, including installing over 90 phones and 50 CCTV cameras for Manhattan Lexus in under 90 days. Carr is currently enrolled in further education at Gloucester County Community College and has extensive training and certifications in various telecommunication systems.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience of Dayasant as a senior engineer specializing in testing 3G/UMTS/HSPA+/LTE/VoLTE/VoWifi technologies. Over 6 years of experience, Dayasant has tested radio access networks, designed test scenarios, analyzed logs and troubleshot issues. Dayasant has expertise in protocols like IMS-SIP, RRC, RANAP and tools like Wireshark, QXDM and has worked on projects with Nokia, NSN, Vodafone testing VoLTE, VoWifi and enterprise products.
Sanjay Sharma has over 8.5 years of experience in technical support, installation, product maintenance, managed services, testing, and operations in the telecom industry. He is currently working as a Technical Solution Leader for Aricent on the VISPL Europe project. Previously he has worked on projects for Hutchinson 3G in the UK, MTN in Ivory Coast, Idea, TTSL, BSNL, and VSNL in India. He is experienced with IMS, 4G/LTE, CS core, packet core, and ZTE, Nokia, and Oracle switching platforms.
Kieran Ryan is an experienced IT professional with over 18 years of experience in the IT and telecommunications industry. He currently works as a Senior Sales Engineer for Phoneware Ltd, where he is responsible for developing new marketing strategies. Prior to this, he held roles such as Account Manager, Technical Trainer, Pre-Sales Engineer, and Software Developer. Ryan has extensive experience in sales, technical presentations, product implementation, training, and account management. He has managed large accounts including Dublin City Council, Servier Ireland, and the US Embassy in Cairo.
The document contains job descriptions for several roles at Clearswift, including sales, marketing, engineering and technical support positions in the UK, Europe, Germany and Australia. The roles involve developing relationships with enterprise customers, managing partner channels, developing security software, and providing technical support to customers. Clearswift is looking for experienced professionals to sell and support their new IT security solutions portfolio.
This resume summarizes the experience of Atul Chaudhry working in the telecommunications industry with a focus on switching systems. Some key points:
- Over 15 years of experience in 3G core networks including VOLTE, IMS, LTE, MSS, HLR and testing. Specializes in CS core networks.
- Held roles as a core expert and team leader at Nokia Taiwan, supporting projects, upgrades, migrations and issue resolution.
- Also has experience working with Telkomsel in Indonesia, providing support, troubleshooting complex issues and skill development.
- Earlier experience includes work with Nokia, Siemens and other telecom companies in India, China and Taiwan on G
Bijit Sarkar is seeking a position that offers challenges and opportunities for growth. He has over 2 years of experience in telecommunications including configuration management, translations, and troubleshooting on wireless soft switches. He is proficient in Lucent MSC configurations and understands call flows and protocols. Bijit also has experience in recruitment, business development, and team management. He is skilled in Linux, scripting, and several telecom tools. Currently, he works as an Assistant Engineer at Ericsson Global India Services where he performs network changes, routing implementations, and resolves trouble tickets.
This document is Jennifer Ann Perez's resume. It summarizes her professional experience working for Mercedes-Benz USA from 2003 to 2015, where she held several roles in forecasting, distribution, and purchasing. Her responsibilities included forecasting vehicle volumes, managing vehicle inventory levels, implementing distribution policies, and conducting internal audits. She saved the company millions of dollars through her work. The resume also lists her skills, education, and contact information.
Jeremy W. Ammons is seeking a position that allows him to utilize his acquired skills to enhance company success. He has 20 years of experience in various roles including project manager, commercial sales specialist, combat readiness instructor, and tactical satellite communications crew chief. Currently, he is pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree from Middle Georgia State University with a 3.75 GPA and expects to graduate in May 2017.
Rosemarie Tee-Tamondong is a core network engineer and project manager with over 9 years of experience in telecom planning, engineering, service delivery, asset management, and vendor management. She has a proven track record of managing multiple projects including new technology deployments. Her technical skills include experience with platforms like CPIN, HSS, HLR, and hardware from Nokia, Huawei, and others. She is currently a core engineering lead at Smart Communications where she manages projects involving elements like MGW ATCA and oversees the homing plan and purchase orders for the network.
Harish Bondam is a telecommunications professional with 2 years of experience in areas like planning, optimization, and RF product design for technologies such as GSM, LTE, and VoLTE. He has experience testing VoLTE networks for major carriers in the US using tools like XCAL-MO, X-CAP, and Gladiator. He also has experience designing RF products for benchmarking and has a strong understanding of LTE and VoLTE call flows and protocols.
Amith Kumar S N_BE_4.10Years_IMS and SIP TestingAmith Kumar S N
The candidate seeks a challenging role to further his career growth over 4+ years of experience in software testing. He has expertise in TTCN3 scripting, manual testing, test planning and defect tracking. Recent projects involved testing IMS protocols, SIP, and mobile applications for LG and Orange. The candidate is certified in software testing foundations and aims to continuously improve through challenges.
Cv Project manager & solution architect ftthTaha. Ali.
Taha Ali has over 19 years of experience in the telecom industry working on projects in Morocco, Senegal, China, and Spain. He has worked with many telecom operators and vendors on various technologies including FTTX, GPON, microwave transmission, and mobile networks. Currently, he is a project manager and solution architect providing end-to-end solutions for operators such as Maroc Telecom, INWI, and Orange.
IPv6 deployment architecture for broadband access networksAPNIC
At CommunicAsia 2016, Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discussed the design option for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth.
Systems that meet stringent service availability (SA) and high availability (HA) requirements have been around for decades, but diverse segments use varied terminology to describe the same concepts. This session will provide a high-level technical overview of the Service Availability™ Forum standards and the support of those standards within OpenSAF, allowing those familiar with HA concepts to map their terminology to SA Forum and OpenSAF terminology.
The session will also help those relatively new to OpenSAF or the HA domain to familiarize themselves with the terms and concepts. This session will lay the technical foundation for the remainder of the conference so that attendees get the most out of the more detailed presentations that follow.
OpenSAF involves a number of complex ideas and is designed to work in many different environments. In order to make it easy for new users to get started, we will also detail options that new users have to educate themselves about OpenSAF and relevant environments for using the code base and interacting with the community.
great, th
This document provides an overview of IP Radio Access Network (RAN) solutions, including:
- IP RAN abstracts away diverse transport networks to provide a unified network view for RAN applications. It utilizes simple, cost-efficient transport services while enabling redundancy.
- IP RAN is aligned with Mobile Backhaul and Mobile Packet Backbone Network solutions to form an end-to-end "Mobile Transport" network.
- Synchronization in IP RAN is achieved using a Synchronous over IP (SoIP) solution that is transport independent and based on NTP and 1588v2 standards.
- Security considerations for IP RAN include encrypting user plane traffic and protecting control plane traffic and
Carrier Grade Requirements for Cloud Computing: A SCOPE Alliance Perspective ...OpenSAF Foundation
The mission of Scope Alliance is to advance the objective of a vibrant and diverse ecosystem of COTS (commercial off-the-shelf): carrier-grade platform components utilizing open standards. Cloud Computing has the common goal of reducing the platform costs while continuing the direction of increased openness of the architecture.
Cloud providers have succeeded in pushing the cost of computation and storage down by concentration, virtualization and economies of scale; by doing so, they had to compromise on some fundamental issues, such as networking, security and real-time characteristics. In this session, we will define the differentiating factors that can enable the usability of cloud computing for telecom and real-time services. In this context, we will include the role and importance of inter-cloud architectures as well as the usage of private, public and hybrid architectures for real-time and telecom services. These aspects form the technical foundation for standardization efforts in the area of cloud computing, as well as the work agenda for the SCOPE Alliance in its relationship with various standardization bodies.
The document discusses VoLTE (Voice over LTE) using the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) platform standardized by 3GPP to maximize international interoperability. It describes the GSMA VoLTE profile, which specifies the minimum functions for the interface between terminals and core networks to implement VoLTE using IMS. Key aspects covered include IMS registration procedures, voice call origination processes, voice codecs, emergency calling capabilities, and quality of service controls in the LTE/EPC network.
TEMS Investigation is a wireless network testing tool that has been the industry leader for over a decade. It supports all major wireless technologies and collects data better than any other product. It provides a complete solution for network troubleshooting, optimization, and maintenance with features for data collection, real-time analysis, and post-processing in one tool to reduce costs. TEMS Investigation supports over 280 devices and collects geographically positioned data from various perspectives to test network performance and quality from rollout through expansion.
This document provides an overview of the IMS architecture from the perspective of an LTE user equipment. It describes the key components of IMS including the UE, Evolved Packet Core, and IMS core. It also discusses how IMS enables convergence across different access technologies, service types, and network functions to support multimedia services like voice and video over LTE.
Francies DELEU has over 25 years of experience in telecommunications project management and system engineering. The document provides details of his technical skills, management experience, education, certifications and language abilities. It also lists several projects he led, including migrating networks to the cloud for SIBELCO and defining data communication infrastructure for new metro systems in Amsterdam.
1. The document discusses the evolution of mobile networks from 2G to 4G technologies like LTE, and the increasing capabilities and speeds they provide. It also describes the growth of the mobile industry in terms of users, traffic, and revenue.
2. A key concept discussed is IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), which enables the convergence of voice, data, and multimedia services over an IP-based network, and allows interworking between mobile and fixed networks.
3. Trial deployments of early 4G networks like LTE are mentioned, though performance has been lower than expected, with peak speeds of 12Mbps downlink and 5Mbps uplink achieved. Further improvements are anticipated as the technologies
This document discusses various topics related to Long Term Evolution (LTE) including call flow, radio link failure, discontinuous reception (DRX), paging, scheduling, random access channel (RACH) procedure, self-organizing networks (SON), and quality of service (QoS). It provides details on the call flow process when a user equipment (UE) is powered on, performs initial cell selection and attachment, and establishes a default bearer. It also describes procedures for radio link failure, DRX, paging, scheduling, RACH, SON functions including self-configuration and optimization, and QoS with default and dedicated bearers.
Carrier Aggregation - (one) key enabler for LTE-AdvancedAndreas Roessler
Carrier aggregation is the most demanded feature out of the LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release 10) feature set. This feature allows the aggregation of component carrier that for instance reside in different frequency bands. Especially U.S.-based network operator show a strong interest in carrier aggregation, as it is the way out of the very fragmented spectrum allocation here in the U.S. Carrier aggregation is adding some complexity to LTE and of course our customers have an interest to understand the feature in greater detail as well as how our solutions, especially the CMW500, could be utilized to test carrier aggregation. The attached TechPaper is our response to this demand. On 12 pages carrier aggregation is described with all of its aspects, different types and modes, impact on signaling procedures and how to test using Rohde&Schwarz turnkey solutions, including CMW500.
Policy and Charging Control - LTE / HSPA / EPC ‘knowledge nuggets’4G-Seminar
Advanced LTE, HSPA and EPC Cellular Systems Training - Public Seminars by Red Banana Wireless, register today at: http://4G-Seminar.com or contact us directly: info@4G-Seminar.com.
Ericsson Technology Review: Microwave backhaul evolution – reaching beyond 10...Ericsson
No matter how efficiently we use it, existing spectrum will not be sufficient to meet future requirements on network performance. Both radio access and backhaul will need more spectrum in the mid to long term. In light of this, work has started on the use of frequencies beyond 100GHz, enabled largely by advances in high-frequency semiconductor technology. When the large-scale deployment of beyond 100GHz solutions occurs – in the period 2025 to 2030 – our research suggests that the W and D bands will be able to support capacities in the 5 to 100Gbps range, over distances up to a few kilometers.
Difference in Rrc procedures lte and 3GPraveen Kumar
- RRC in LTE has only two states - RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED, compared to five states in 3G. This simplifies RRC state handling and RRM algorithms.
- Signaling radio bearers are simplified to SRB0, SRB1, and SRB2 (still being finalized) compared to four SRBs in 3G.
- RRC procedures and messages are simplified in LTE compared to 3G. This reduces signaling overhead and complexity.
Anas W Shaheen is seeking a growth opportunity in a dynamic company. He has 8 years of experience managing technical and commercial projects from inception to completion. He is an experienced project manager who has led teams and implemented project plans. He has worked in roles managing HVAC and structured cabling projects in the UAE.
Sandeep Kumar has over 12 years of experience in project management, operations management, application deployment and management, process optimization, and service delivery management. He has a PMP certification and experience leading multiple global telecom projects across geographies for IBM and managing operations for Vodafone India. Some of his key responsibilities included devising project strategies and roadmaps, managing stakeholders, providing leadership, and analyzing system resources to improve efficiency. He has extensive experience handling telecom projects in India and Bhutan.
Mahmoud is seeking a position as a technical project manager in a multinational company to increase his experience. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering from Cairo University and certificates in project management, business writing, and programming skills. His work experience includes managing technical projects from requirements to launch at Mobinil, including solution design, supplier selection, testing, and change management. He is proficient in GSM, UMTS, and network protocols and tools. Currently he is preparing for a master's degree and NTI wireless communication diploma.
Susan Harrington has over 25 years of experience in project management and product development. She is a PMP certified senior manager who has successfully led large multi-functional teams on numerous initiatives from concept to implementation both domestically and internationally. Some of her key accomplishments include developing new product offerings that increased revenue, streamlining processes to reduce costs by millions, and managing projects to launch innovative communication services globally.
Khaled Magdy Mohamed is a senior manager with over 15 years of experience in telecommunications. He has expertise in areas such as mobile network technology, information technology, strategic planning, and project management. He has worked on major projects involving customer experience management, mobile financial services, and multi-vendor integration for operators around the world. Currently, he works as a consultant providing business strategy and technology planning services.
Shantanu Rastogi is seeking a responsible and challenging position that allows him to utilize his 5 years of experience in audiovisual solutions like video walls, digital signage, and collaboration systems. He currently works as an Assistant Manager of Pre-Sales at NEC India, where he is responsible for managing cross-functional teams, developing solution architectures, and providing product training. Prior to this, he held roles at companies like Barco Electronic Systems and Alcatel-Lucent Network Management Services, where he gained experience in project management, implementation, and technical support. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering.
Srinivasarao Addanki has over 15 years of experience in application development, project management, business development, and service delivery management in the telecom and insurance domains. He has successfully delivered large-scale IT projects for global clients and led teams of over 100 resources. Some of his key roles and responsibilities include managing transitions, releases, testing, and providing support for telecom applications.
Ahmed Mahmoud Amin is seeking a challenging career opportunity in project management. He has over 9 years of experience in project management roles at General Electric Healthcare and Schneider Electric Egypt. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Power and Machines Engineering and certificates in professional project management and Siemens Step 7 advanced training. He is currently working as a Project Manager at GE Healthcare, where he is responsible for planning and managing customer contracts from order to collection.
Asadullah Khan has 18 years of experience in sales and marketing for telecom companies in Saudi Arabia. He currently works as a Business Development Manager selling Siemens enterprise communication systems. Some of the projects he has worked on include communication systems for various Saudi ministries and large private sector clients. He has extensive experience obtaining product approvals, developing proposals, and project management.
Dhananjay Shastri is a management consultant with over 25 years of experience in wireless networks, telecommunications, and data communications systems. He has extensive expertise in solutions engineering, project management, sales, and customer support. Currently, he provides consulting services including enterprise communication solutions, server-based voice systems, telephony, unified communications, and video conferencing. Some of his major clients include National Fire Service College, NTPC, South East Central Railway, Western Coalfields, Jindal Steel, and Bajaj Steel.
This document provides a summary of Adeel Ahmad's contact information, work experience, skills, and education. It summarizes him as an experienced project management professional with 9 years of experience managing telecommunications projects. His experience includes roles managing the implementation of 2G/3G/LTE networks, core network monitoring systems, microwave packet radio systems, access networks and more for companies like Telenor, LCC, and Alcatel-Lucent. He has technical skills in areas like project management, reliability analysis, equipment deployment, audits, and training.
The document is a curriculum vitae for Nigel Crosthwaite. It summarizes his experience as a Project Manager and Operations Director spanning over 30 years, primarily in technology installation and manufacturing. It highlights his strong leadership skills and experience managing complex projects from inception to completion while meeting tight deadlines. It also lists his technical skills and qualifications in areas such as project management, logistics, budgeting, and information technology.
The applicant is applying for a Project Manager position and has over 11 years of experience in IT, including 4.5 years of experience managing projects from design to implementation at Al Rajhi Bank. He successfully managed the deployment of over 1500 ATMs on time and within budget. His responsibilities included planning, coordinating resources, managing risks, and ensuring project quality and stakeholder satisfaction. He believes his background and track record make him a strong candidate for the position.
This document is a resume for Mohammed F Al-Dulaijan, a Saudi Arabian project manager with over 20 years of experience managing telecommunications projects. He currently works as a senior project manager and auditor for Huawei Technologies, where he leads project reviews and supports various teams. Previously, he held several project management and engineering roles for Saudi Telecom Company and IBM.
Tarek MansourKhalil SHAZLY is seeking a challenging position that allows for creativity and innovation. He has over 10 years of experience in telecommunications, most recently as Manager of Business Process Automation and Invoicing applications at Telecom Egypt, where he automated processes, developed solutions, and led projects. He has a BSc in electronics engineering as well as business qualifications.
Praveen Konda has over 11 years of experience in QA, QC, business analysis, and test management in the telecom and financial services domains. He has expertise in requirements gathering, functional and technical design, automation testing, and project management. Currently he is working as a technical lead for the Bell CIBC ECCO IVR Contact Center Project in Canada, where he is responsible for infrastructure implementation, vendor coordination, and delivering project updates.
Abhilash Nair is seeking a career opportunity with over 10 years of experience in sales and marketing for security systems. He has expertise in parking management systems, CCTV, access control, and fire alarms. Most recently, he worked as the Business Unit Manager for an ELV division in the UAE, managing a team of 30 people. He has strong communication, customer service, and technical skills.
Nagui Chalache has over 20 years of experience in telecommunications including managerial positions at Ericsson Egypt and Vodafone Egypt. He is currently the CEO and Co-Founder of Nile ICT, an IT and communications systems integrator. At Ericsson, he helped secure major deals with Telecom Egypt and positioned Ericsson's portfolio. As Account Manager for Telecom Egypt, he established a long term partnership. Nagui holds an MBA and BSc in Communications and Electronics.
Senior Management : Program-Project Management / Service Delivery / Field ...Pramod Heddurshetti
Excellent track record of consistently growing business footprint, increasing profitability and improving customer & stakeholder satisfaction. Rich experience in delivery of large scale Wire line & Wireless Telecom Projects (includes Planning, Deployment, Installation, Maintenance, and Commissioning of Telecom N/Ws), involving schedule development, resource management, monitoring P&L of all projects till the stage of delivery. Skilled in managing programs of Wire line/Wireless Voice, Data Circuits.
Instrumental in improving revenue & bottom line by building strong working relationships with customers; proficient in capability development with passion for development of business models and business process solutions that result in an integrated customer experience. Considerable experience in managing project end to end to meet business goal & timelines. Skilled in building risk policies and implementing mechanisms to mitigate risks.
Track record of making site operational in within a record time and giving a complete process turnaround through team collaboration and performance levels enhancement, introduction of weekly rewards.
A visionary technology manager with proven results in designing & setting-up NOC Operations from scratch and in monitoring day-to-day operations of large scale Enterprise Network Infrastructure. Possess strong analytical balanced with ability to lead large teams size.
Ibrahim Al-Salamin is a project manager and sales account manager with over 20 years of experience in telecommunications, infrastructure, and IT projects. He has successfully managed numerous large projects for clients in both public and private sectors. Al-Salamin is proficient in project management, budgeting, team leadership, and client relations. He holds a bachelor's degree in information technology and several technical certifications.
1. MOBEEN AHMED KHAN
Symsoft
AB
MEA,
Al
Thuraya
Tower
2,
Floor
9,
Office
907,
Dubai
Internet
City
Date
of
birth
#
6th
November
1984.
Phone
#
+971561704821
Email
address
#
mobeen.ak@gmail.com
Key Skills:
Ø Strong
technical,
organizational,
communication,
analytical,
team
working
and
sales
skills.
Ø Experience
in
preparing
tenders,
proposals,
quotations
and
providing
Pre-‐sales
as
well
as
post
sales
support.
Ø Excellent
knowledge
of
consultative
solution
selling
with
telecommunication
domain
mainly
VAS,
Online
Charging
and
MVNO/MVNE
arena.
Ø Strong
Bid
Process
management.
Ø Excellent
convincing
presentation
skill.
Ø Excellent
inter-‐personal
skill.
Ø Excellent
knowledge
and
experience
of
MS
Applications
(Excel,
PowerPoint,
Visio,
MS
Project)
Ø Experience
in
leading
cross-‐functional
teams
from
requirement
gathering
within
the
organization
to
final
service
usage
by
the
subscribers.
Ø Experience
in
Planning,
Design,
Implementation
and
Roll
out
phases
of
Value
added
services.
Ø Experience
in
Vendor
Management
with
leading
vendors
like
Nokia
Siemens,
Huawei
and
Ericsson.
Ø Experience
in
Quality
and
Process
improvements
in
telecom
Environment.
Ø Experience
in
Network
Operations
and
Maintenance.
Ø Experience
in
Project
Management
and
end
to
end
product
lifecycle
management.
Ø Experience
in
working
with
MVNO
customers.
Professional Experience:
SYMSOFT – Sales Dept 2012 – to Date
Designation:
Technical
Sales
Manager
Responsibilities:
Ø Cultivating
and
managing
strong
relationship
with
the
assigned
customers
in
Middle
East
and
Africa
(Zain
Group,
Omantel,
STC
Group,
Virgin
Mobile
MEA
Group).
Ø Preparing
technical
proposals,
statement
of
compliance
and
prices
in
response
to
tenders
(RFP/RFQ/RFI)
for
VAS
(USSD,
SMSC,
MMSC,
SMS
Firewall,Call
Completion,Voicemail,IVR,Voice
SMS),
Charging,
Voucher
Management
System
and
MVNO/MVNE
solutions.
Ø Participating
in
technical
and
commercial
negotiation
together
with
sales
managers.
Ø Preparing
technical
proposal
and
commercial
proposal
(quotation)
for
change
requests.
Ø Handing
over
of
closed
sales,
upon
receiving
an
order
from
the
customer,
to
project
delivery
team,
ensuring
that
the
delivery
team
has
a
complete
understanding
of
the
scope
of
project
delivery
and
be
involved
in
addressing
any
technical
scope
creeping
that
may
occur
during
the
project
execution
phase.
Ø Conducting
project
kick-‐off
meeting
together
with
the
project
manager
and
project
delivery
team.
Ø Performing
product
presentation
and
product
demonstration
in
promotion
of
Symsoft
products.
Ø Acting
as
a
bid
manager
in
handling
end
to
end
bid
management
until
submission.
2. Ø Coordinating
with
R&D,
Product
Management
teams
in
analysing
RFP/RFI/RFQ
gaps
and
identifying
the
product
enhancement
requirements
and
associated
cost
in
order
to
comply
with
the
RFP/RFQ/RFI
SoC
and
SoW.
Ø Coordinating
with
sales
managers
to
perform
sales
opportunity
identification,
analysis
and
qualification.
Ø Preparing
the
requirement
specification
of
the
new
product
functionality
or
an
enhancement
of
the
existing
product
functionality
to
be
developed
by
R&D
in
compliance
with
customer
requirements.
Ø Preparing
high
level
system
architecture
which
included
in
the
solution
description
provided
in
response
to
RFP/RFQ/RFI
or
Change
Request
requirement.
SYMSOFT – Customer Services Dept 2010 – 2012
Designation:
Operations
Engineer
Responsibilities:
Ø Identifying
the
root
cause
and
suggesting
an
optimized
solution
to
the
daily
issues
raised
by
different
customers
of
Symsoft.
Ø Understanding
the
requirement
/inquiry
raised
by
customer
and
deciding
if
it’s
a
change
request
or
if
a
work
around
in
the
system
can
be
implemented.
Ø Planning
and
executing
time-‐to-‐time
upgrades.
Ø Making
Quarterly
SLA
reports
as
per
customer’s
requirement.
Mainly
working
with
Charging
and
messaging
systems,
besides
this,
following
platforms
come
under
my
responsibility
for
support/maintenance
and
implementation:
Ø USSD
Ø PCH
(Packet
charger)
Ø Collect
call
Ø WAP
GW
Ø MMSC
CMPAK (ZonG) –VAS Planning Dept 2009 – 2010
Designation:
VAS
Planning
Executive
Responsibilities:
Ø Strong
coordination
with
Zong
VAS
marketing
team
and
Presales
department
of
different
vendors.
Ø Inviting
Technical
proposals
from
different
vendors
based
on
the
day-‐to-‐day
new
VAS
requirements
from
marketing
team.
Ø Evaluating
the
technical
as
well
as
commercial
proposals
and
selecting
the
best
feasible
vendor.
Ø Strong
coordination
and
follow-‐ups
with
vendors
for
the
timely
implementation
of
VAS
projects.
Ø Capacity
planning
and
performance
improvement
of
different
VAS
nodes
by
doing
optimization.
Ø Coordinate
with
3rd
Party
vendors
to
get
their
nodes
integrated
with
existing
network
e.g.
for
different
IVR
services.
3. Projects:
Ø Message+
service
(SMS
forwarding,
copying,
auto-‐reply
and
distribution).
Ø GPRS
and
Calls
location
based
charging.
Ø Push
Email.
Ø Location
based
services.
Ø Blackberry.
Ø Anti-‐Spamming
Ø SMS
Receipt
service
(Charging
based
SMS
delivery
report)
Ø Huawei
SMSC
expansion.
Ø Automatic
Device
Detection
and
Configuration.
Ø Mobile
Banking
Solution.
CMPAK (ZonG) – IN/VAS Operations Dept 2008 - 2009
Designation:
Snr.
Officer
operations
Responsibilities:
Operations
&
Maintenance
of
following
network
elements:
Ø GPRS
Huawei
SGSN9810/
Huawei
GGSN9811.
Ø SMSC
(Huawei
and
ZTE).
Ø MMSC.
Ø WAP
Gateway.
Ø OTA
/
DSTK
platform.
Projects:
1. Implementation
of
Voice
on
demand
service,
involving
integration
of
ROK
NOD
system
with
MMSC
using
MM7
interface.
2. Implementation
of
Single
IMSI
multiple
MSISDN
with
respect
to
only
SMS.
Involving
all
the
necessary
definitions
required
on
SMSC.
3. Coordination
with
different
RPs
for
implementation
of
International
Prepaid
roaming
and
conducting
IR32
test
cases.
4. Coordination
with
International
MMS
Hub
provider
to
make
IOMMS
work
with
different
roaming
partners
and
conducting
IR53
test
cases.
Ufone PTML – VAS Planning Dept 2006 – 2008
Designation:
VAS
Planning
Executive
Responsibilities:
End
to
End
Project
management
of
following
projects:
Ø Deployment
of
STPs
(Huawei
Signaling
transfer
point
SG7000)
in
Ufone’s
Core
Network.
Ø Implementation
of
Mobile
number
portability.
Ø Deployment
of
Color
Ringback
tone
(Huawei
CRBT/URP
V5.0D82_02).
Ø Deployment
of
Voice
SMS
(Kirusa).
Ø Deployment
of
Provisioning
system
(Huawei
TopEng).
4. Planning
of
upcoming
new
VAS
services:
1. Single
IMSI
Multiple
MSISDN.
2. CRBT
Expansion.
3. Automatic
Device
Detection
and
Configuration.
4. Mobile
TV.
5. Intelligent
traffic
steering.
For
the
above
mentioned
VAS
services
I
was
involved
in
conducting
following
task:
Ø Inviting
a
product
description
from
different
vendors
to
understand
the
service.
Ø Making
an
RFP
and
floating
it
to
all
the
possible
vendors
that
have
product
solution.
Ø Inviting
technical
proposals
for
evaluation.
Ø Coordination
with
operations
and
IT
teams
to
check
the
possibility
of
the
implementation
of
solution.
Ø Carrying
out
Q&A
session
with
vendors
for
the
clarification
of
solution.
Ø Making
an
evaluation
report
for
the
product
and
floating
it
to
procurement
department.
TRAININGS:
1 Complete
STP
(SG7000)
product
training
in
Huawei
university
china
2007.
The
training
program
includes:
Ø Fundamentals
of
SS7
Signaling
System.
Ø SCCP
Principle.
Ø MAP
Signaling
Analysis.
Ø SIGTRAN
Protocol.
Ø SG7000
Hardware
system.
Ø SG7000
Data
Configuration.
Ø SG7000
In-‐depth
Data
Configuration.
Ø MNP
Service
Overview.
Ø MNP
Data
Configuration.
Ø LSMS
System
Overview.
Ø LSMS
Operation
and
Maintenance.
Ø SG7000
Troubleshooting.
2 MS
Excel
level
2
and
3
training
in
CASE,
Islamabad
(2007).
3 Acision
MMSC
local
training,
Islamabad
(2007).
4 ZTE
WAP
gateway
(ZXME-‐WAP)
training
in
ZTE
training
center,
Islamabad
(2008).
5 ZTE
MMSC
(ZXME-‐MMSC)
training
in
ZTE
training
center,
Islamabad
2008.
6 Participation
in
“IMS
as
a
NGN
Application
enabling
platform”
workshop
(2008).
7 On-‐job
training
in
Sweden
(Kista)
on
all
Symsoft
products.
8 DALE
CARNEGIE
certified
“Customer
communication
skills”
training
in
Sweden.
9 DALE
CARNEGIE
certified
“Public
Speaking
Mastery”
training.
Tools
Hands-‐on
experience
on
following
tools:
Ø Huawei
LMT
(Local
maintenance
terminal).
Ø Ethereal
/
WireShark.
Ø Huawei
SG7000
Client.
Ø Huawei
SMSC
Infox-‐Gateway.
Ø Huawei
SMC
Gateway.
Ø UNIX.
Ø SQL
Developer.
Ø Symsoft
Nobill
platform.
5. EDUCATION:
2002-‐2006
Bachelors
in
TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
From
COMSATS
Institute
of
Information
and
Technology
(CIIT)
2000-‐2002 Higher
Secondary
School
Education.
Pre-‐Engineering
from
Islamabad
Model
College
for
Boys,
F-‐10/3.
1999-‐2000 Secondary
School
Education
from
Islamabad
Model
College
for
Boys,
F-‐8/4.
INTERESTS:
Ø Project
Management.
Ø Solution
Sales.
Ø VAS
Marketing.