MO 2020 DS Applications of Linked List 1 AB.ppt
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The document discusses representing sparse matrices using linked lists. Sparse matrices have mostly zero values, so they are more efficiently represented by only storing the non-zero elements and their indices rather than all elements. This can save memory and computing time. The document provides examples of representing a sparse matrix using arrays or linked lists, with the linked list approach storing each non-zero element as a node with fields for row, column, value, and a pointer to the next node.
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Location i = new Location(0, 3);
Location j = new Location(0, 3);
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b.add(j);
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c++ code:
Here is the list class:
#ifndef LIN_J_LIST
#define LIN_J_LIST
typedef unsigned int uint;
#include
#include
using namespace std;
/**
* a simplified generic singly linked list class to illustrate C++ concepts
* @author Jerry Lin
* @version 2/17/17
*/
template< typename Object >
class List
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private:
/**
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*/
class Node
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public:
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* The constructor
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*/
explicit Node( const Object & data )
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Node * next;
};
public:
/**
* The constructor for an empty list
*/
List()
: size{ 0 }, first{ nullptr }, last{ nullptr } {}
/**
* the copy constructor-creates and copy the list
*/
List( List && rhs ) = delete;
List( const List & rhs )
{
count = 0;
size = 0;
if(rhs.size != 0)
{
push_front(rhs.front());
Node * current = rhs.first;
Node * tempNode = first;
size++;
while(current->next != nullptr)
{
current = current->next;
Node *newNode = new Node(current->data); //transfer the data. basic op.
count++;
tempNode->next = newNode;
last = newNode;
tempNode = tempNode->next;
size++;
}
}
// you document and implement this method
}
/**
* the operator= method-copies the list
*/
List & operator=( List && rhs) = delete;
List & operator=( const List & rhs )
{
count = 0;
size = 0;
if( size != 0 )
{
Node * current = first;
Node * temp;
while( current != nullptr )
{
temp = current;
current = current->next;
delete temp;
}
}
if(rhs.size!= 0)
{
push_front(rhs.front());
Node * current = rhs.first;
Node * tempNode = first; //create a temporary to store
size++;
while(current -> next != nullptr)
{
current = current->next;
Node *newNode = new Node(current->data); //transfer the data. basic op
count++;
tempNode->next = newNode;
last = newNode;
tempNode = tempNode -> next;
size++;
}
}
return *this;
// you document and implement this method
}
/**
* accessor
* @return count
*/
int get_count() const
{
return count;
}
/**
* The destructor that gets rid of everything that\'s in the list and
* resets it to empty. If the list is already empty, do nothing.
*/
~List()
{
if( size != 0 )
{
Node * current = first;
Node * temp;
while( current != nullptr )
{
temp = current;
current = current->next;
delete temp;
}
}
}
/**
* Put a new element onto the beginning of the list
* @param item the data the new element will contain
*/
void push_front( const Object& item )
{
Node * new_node = new Node( item );//basic op.
if(is_empty())
{
last = new_node;
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{
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first = new_node;
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/**
* Remove the element that\'s at the front of the list. Causes an
* assertion error if the list is empty.
*/
void pop_front()
{
assert( !is_empty() );
Node * temp = first;
if( first == last )
{
first = last = nullptr;
}
else
{
first = first->next;
}
delete temp;
size--;
}
/**
* Accessor to return the da.
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How do you stop infinite loop? Because I believe that it is making an infinite circular list.
c++ code:
Here is the list class:
#ifndef LIN_J_LIST
#define LIN_J_LIST
typedef unsigned int uint;
#include
#include
using namespace std;
/**
* a simplified generic singly linked list class to illustrate C++ concepts
* @author Jerry Lin
* @version 2/17/17
*/
template< typename Object >
class List
{
private:
/**
* A class to store data and provide a link to the next node in the list
*/
class Node
{
public:
/**
* The constructor
* @param data the data to be stored in this node
*/
explicit Node( const Object & data )
: data{ data }, next{ nullptr } {}
Object data;
Node * next;
};
public:
/**
* The constructor for an empty list
*/
List()
: size{ 0 }, first{ nullptr }, last{ nullptr } {}
/**
* the copy constructor-creates and copy the list
*/
List( List && rhs ) = delete;
List( const List & rhs )
{
count = 0;
size = 0;
if(rhs.size != 0)
{
push_front(rhs.front());
Node * current = rhs.first;
Node * tempNode = first;
size++;
while(current->next != nullptr)
{
current = current->next;
Node *newNode = new Node(current->data); //transfer the data. basic op.
count++;
tempNode->next = newNode;
last = newNode;
tempNode = tempNode->next;
size++;
}
}
// you document and implement this method
}
/**
* the operator= method-copies the list
*/
List & operator=( List && rhs) = delete;
List & operator=( const List & rhs )
{
count = 0;
size = 0;
if( size != 0 )
{
Node * current = first;
Node * temp;
while( current != nullptr )
{
temp = current;
current = current->next;
delete temp;
}
}
if(rhs.size!= 0)
{
push_front(rhs.front());
Node * current = rhs.first;
Node * tempNode = first; //create a temporary to store
size++;
while(current -> next != nullptr)
{
current = current->next;
Node *newNode = new Node(current->data); //transfer the data. basic op
count++;
tempNode->next = newNode;
last = newNode;
tempNode = tempNode -> next;
size++;
}
}
return *this;
// you document and implement this method
}
/**
* accessor
* @return count
*/
int get_count() const
{
return count;
}
/**
* The destructor that gets rid of everything that\'s in the list and
* resets it to empty. If the list is already empty, do nothing.
*/
~List()
{
if( size != 0 )
{
Node * current = first;
Node * temp;
while( current != nullptr )
{
temp = current;
current = current->next;
delete temp;
}
}
}
/**
* Put a new element onto the beginning of the list
* @param item the data the new element will contain
*/
void push_front( const Object& item )
{
Node * new_node = new Node( item );//basic op.
if(is_empty())
{
last = new_node;
}
else
{
new_node->next = first;
}
first = new_node;
size++;
/* you complete the rest */
}
/**
* Remove the element that\'s at the front of the list. Causes an
* assertion error if the list is empty.
*/
void pop_front()
{
assert( !is_empty() );
Node * temp = first;
if( first == last )
{
first = last = nullptr;
}
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first = first->next;
}
delete temp;
size--;
}
/**
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Please help solve this in C++. So the program is working fine but when submitting it, it gives me a
code -11, and I believe the problem is that after inserting the numbers it removes them one by one
until the last in the list, and when it tries to remove the last number in the list that is when it
counters the problem. Below is the full code but you just need to change something in the
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Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking on
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member variables: - a double data value, - a pointer to the next node, and - a pointer to the
previous node. Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the
provided getter and setter member functions to get or set a member variable. Node.h is read only,
since no changes are required. Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function A class for a
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class's Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with the parameter value,
then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex: Suppose a
SortedNumberList's current list is 2347.2586, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node with data
value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's sorted order
and yielding: 2335.547.2586Step 3: Test in develop mode Code in main() takes a space-
separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList. The list is displayed after
each insertion. Ex: If input is 77154263.5 then output is: List after inserting 77 : 77 List after
inserting 15 : 1577 List after inserting -42 : -421577 List after inserting 63.5: -421563.577 Try
various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list. Step 4: Implement the Remove()
member function Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove(0 member function. The
function takes a parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not
exist in the list, the list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the
number is removed from the list and true is returned. Uncomment the commented-out part in
main() that reads a second input line and removes numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to
ensure that insertion and removal both work properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
841972841961 then output is: List after inserting 84: 84 List after inserting 72 : 7284 List after
inserting 19: 1972 84 List after inserting 61: 1961 : 72 8 List after removing 19: 6172 84 List after
removing 84: 6172Current file: main.cpp - // Insert each value and show the sorted List's contents
after each insertion sortedNumberList list; for (auto term : terms) { doubl.
Need done for Date Structures please! 4-18 LAB- Sorted number list imp.pdf
Need done for Date Structures please!
4.18 LAB: Sorted number list implementation with linked lists
Step 1: Inspect the Node.h file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking
on the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables:
a double data value,
a pointer to the next node, and
a pointer to the previous node.
Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the provided getter and
setter member functions to get or set a member variable.
Node.h is read only, since no changes are required.
Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function
A class for a sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the
SortedNumberList class's Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with
the parameter value, then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex:
Suppose a SortedNumberList's current list is 23 47.25 86, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node
with data value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's
sorted order and yielding: 23 35.5 47.25 86
Step 3: Test in develop mode
Code in main() takes a space-separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList.
The list is displayed after each insertion. Ex: If input is
then output is:
Try various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list.
Step 4: Implement the Remove() member function
Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove() member function. The function takes a
parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not exist in the list, the
list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the number is removed
from the list and true is returned.
Uncomment the commented-out part in main() that reads a second input line and removes
numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to ensure that insertion and removal both work
properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
then output is:
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "Node.h"
#include "SortedNumberList.h"
using namespace std;
void PrintList(SortedNumberList& list);
vector<string> SpaceSplit(string source);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// Read the line of input numbers
string inputLine;
getline(cin, inputLine);
// Split on space character
vector<string> terms = SpaceSplit(inputLine);
// Insert each value and show the sorted list's contents after each insertion
SortedNumberList list;
for (auto term : terms) {
double number = stod(term);
cout << "List after inserting " << number << ": " << endl;
list.Insert(number);
PrintList(list);
}
/*
// Read the input line with numbers to remove
getline(cin, inputLine);
terms = SpaceSplit(inputLine);
// Remove each value
for (auto term : terms) {
double number = stod(term);
cout << "List after removing " << number << ": " << endl;
list.Remove(number.
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hi i have to write a java program involving link lists. i have a pro.pdf
hi i have to write a java program involving link lists. i have a problem with the nodes, as it is
posting errors with the nodes.
please help me with this problem. thank you.
public class LinkLists {
/* only need to store a single pointer to the node at the head
* of the list.
* The pointer is null if the list is empty.
* Also record the size of the list.
*/
protected Node head;
/* invariant: size is the number of nodes in the list pointed to by head */
protected int size;
/* no-arguments default constructor creates an empty list */
public LinkLists() {
head = null; // start with an empty list
size = 0;
}
/* accessor method */
public int size() {
return size;
}
/* value to add to the end of the list
*/
public void add(T value) {
head = addAtEnd(head, value);
size++;
}
/* node of the list to which the value should be added
* value to add to the end of the list
*/
private Node addAtEnd(Node node, T value) {
if (node == null) { // special case
return new Node(value, null);
} else if (node.getNext() == null) { // other special case
node.setNext(new Node(value, null));
} else {
addAtEnd(node.getNext(), value);
}
return node;
}
/* iterative implementation of the same method
* value to add to the end of the list
*/
public void add2(T value) {
if (head == null) {
head = new Node(value, null);
} else {
Node node = head; // guaranteed not to be null initially
while (node.getNext() != null) {
node = node.getNext(); // guaranteed not to be null here
}
// now, node.getNext() is guaranteed to be null
// similar to the second special case in addAtEnd
node.setNext(new Node(value, null));
}
size++;
}
public void remove(int position) throws BadItemCountException {
if ((position < 1) || (position > size)) {
throw new
BadItemCountException(\"invalid position \" + position +
\", only 1..\" + size + \" available\");
}
if (position == 1) {
head = head.getNext();
} else {
Node node = head;
for (int i = 2; i < position; i++) {
node = node.getNext();
}
node.setNext(node.getNext().getNext());
}
size--; // one less item
}
public String toString() {
return toString(head);
}
private String toString(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return \"\";
} else {
return node.getValue() + \"\ \" + toString(node.getNext());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* create two empty lists, make sure they print out correctly */
LinkLists list1 = new LinkLists();
LinkLists list2 = new LinkLists();
System.out.println(\"list1 = \'\" + list1 + \"\', list2 = \'\" + list2 + \"\'\");
System.out.println(\"list1.size() = \" + list1.size() +
\", list2.size() = \" + list2.size());
/* insert some items, keep checking */
list1.add(\"hello\");
list1.add(\"world\");
list2.add(\"foo\");
list2.add(\"bar\");
list2.add(\"baz\");
System.out.println(\"list1 = \'\" + list1 + \"\', list2 = \'\" + list2 + \"\'\");
System.out.println(\"list1.size() = \" + list1.size() +
\", list2.size() = \" + list2.size());
/* remove an item at an invalid position */
boolean caught = false;
try {
list2.remove(4);
} catch .
List
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation as an alternative to arrays for representing list abstract data types (ADTs). It covers the basic operations of linked lists like insertion, deletion, finding elements, and printing the list. Variations of linked lists like circular and doubly linked lists are also introduced. The key benefits of linked lists over arrays are their dynamic size and efficient insertion/deletion operations. Linked lists provide a modular way to implement common ADTs through encapsulation of data and operations.
Python programming workshop
Basic Python Programming สรุปสั้นๆ อ่านง่าย เข้าใจง่าย โดย ผศ ดร ปราโมทย์ กั่วเจริญ เหมาะกับผู้เริ่มต้น
Sorted number list implementation with linked listsStep 1 Inspec.pdf
Sorted number list implementation with linked lists
Step 1: Inspect the Node.java file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.java. Access Node.java by
clicking on the orange arrow next to LabProgram.java at the top of the coding window. The
Node class has three fields:
a double data value,
a reference to the next node, and
a reference to the previous node.
Each field is protected. So code outside of the class must use the provided getter and setter
methods to get or set a field.
Node.java is read only, since no changes are required.
Step 2: Implement the insert() method
A class for a sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.java. Implement the
SortedNumberList class's insert() method. The method must create a new node with the
parameter value, then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex:
Suppose a SortedNumberList's current list is 23 47.25 86, then insert(33.5) is called. A new
node with data value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's
sorted order and yielding: 23 35.5 47.25 86
Step 3: Test in develop mode
Code in main() takes a space-separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList.
The list is displayed after each insertion. Ex: If input is
then output is:
Try various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list.
Step 4: Implement the remove() method
Implement the SortedNumberList class's remove() method. The method takes a parameter for the
number to be removed from the list. If the number does not exist in the list, the list is not
changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the number is removed from the
list and true is returned.
Uncomment the commented-out part in main() that reads a second input line and removes
numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to ensure that insertion and removal both work
properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
then output is:
Given templates:
LabProgram.java
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class LabProgram {
// Prints the SortedNumberList's contents, in order from head to tail
public static void printList(SortedNumberList list) {
Node node = list.head;
while (null != node) {
System.out.print(node.getData() + " ");
node = node.getNext();
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
String inputLine;
// Read the line of input numbers
inputLine = scnr.nextLine();
// Split on space character
String[] terms = inputLine.split(" ");
// Insert each value and show the sorted list's contents after each insertion
SortedNumberList list = new SortedNumberList();
for (Object term : terms) {
double number = Double.parseDouble(term.toString());
System.out.println("List after inserting " + number + ": ");
list.insert(number);
printList(list);
}
/*
// Read the input line with numbers to remove
inputLine = scnr.nextLine();
terms = inputLine.split(" ".
Array linked list.ppt
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation. It begins with an overview of linked lists and their basic operations like insertion, deletion, and traversal. It then covers the implementation of a linked list using classes for the Node and List, including methods for insertion, deletion, searching, printing, and destroying the list. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to insert and delete nodes at different positions in the linked list. The document concludes with a brief discussion of variations like circular linked lists.
Chap 4 List of Data Structure.ppt
This document discusses data structures in C, specifically lists and pointers. It covers linked lists as an alternative to arrays for representing lists, with each node containing a data element and pointer to the next node. It describes using pointers in C with address and dereference operators. It also covers dynamically allocating memory with malloc and free. The document discusses implementing singly linked lists, stacks, and queues using pointers. It covers representing polynomials as linked lists and operations like adding and erasing polynomials.
C++ Doubly-Linked ListsThe goal of the exercise is to implement a.pdf
C++: Doubly-Linked Lists
The goal of the exercise is to implement a class List of doubly- linked lists.
My goal is to implement the class in a file doubly-linked.cpp.
The class List implements lists using the following structures for list ele- ments:
struct Node { int val ;
Node next;
Node prev; };
Each Node contains a value (an integer) and two pointers: one meant to point to the next element
of the list and one meant to point to the previous element in the list. The class provides the
following methods that you need to implement:
• A constructor and a destructor, with no arguments;
• void insert(int n): insert an integer at the end of the list;
• void reverse(): reverse the list;
• void print(): print the list to cout in the same format as the input (i.e. integers separated by
spaces);
doubly-linked.h
#ifndef __dll__
#define __dll__
#include
using namespace std;
// Basic structure to store elements of a list
struct Node {
int val; // contains the value
Node * next; // pointer to the next element in the list
Node * prev; // pointer to the previous element in the list
};
// Class List
class List {
public:
List(void); // Constructor
~List(void); // Destructor
void insert(int n); // This should insert n in the list
void reverse(void); // This should reverse the list
void print(void); // This shoiuld print the list
private:
Node * first; // Pointer to the first (if any) element in the list
};
#endif
main.cpp
#include
#include \"doubly-linked.h\"
using namespace std;
int main(void){
List l;
int n;
while(cin >> n){
l.insert(n);
}
// Print list as read from cin
l.print();
// Reverse the list and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
// Reverse again and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
return 0;
}
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
/* Linked list structure */
struct list {
struct list *prev;
int data;
struct list *next;
} *node = NULL, *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *node1 = NULL, *node2 = NULL;
class linkedlist {
public:
/* Function for create/insert node at the beginning of Linked list */
void insrt_frnt() {
list *addBeg = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addBeg->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
addBeg->next = NULL;
first = addBeg;
last = addBeg;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
first->prev = addBeg;
addBeg->next = first;
first = addBeg;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the beginning of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for create/insert node at the end of Linked list */
void insrt_end() {
list *addEnd = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addEnd->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addEnd->prev = NULL;
addEnd->next = NULL;
first = addEnd;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addEnd->next = NULL;
last->next = addEnd;
addEnd->prev = last;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the end of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for Display Linked list */
void display() {
node = first;
cout << \"List of data in L.
Linked list
This document discusses linked lists and polynomials represented as linked lists. It provides details on singly linked lists, including how to implement insertion and deletion of nodes. It also describes how to represent stacks and queues as dynamically linked lists. Finally, it discusses representing polynomials using arrays or linked lists, and how to perform addition and multiplication of polynomials in each representation.
Unit7 C
- Data structures allow for efficient handling of large volumes of data through logical organization and relationships between data elements. Common linear data structures include arrays, lists, stacks, and queues, while trees and graphs are examples of non-linear data structures.
- Abstract data types (ADTs) define a set of complex data objects and operations that can be performed on those objects without specifying their implementation. Data structures provide a way to implement the logical relationships and operations defined in an ADT.
- Linked lists provide an alternative to arrays for storing data by linking each data element to the next using pointers, rather than requiring contiguous memory locations. This allows for more flexible insertion and deletion compared to arrays.
Using CUDA Within Mathematica
The document discusses using CUDA within Mathematica. It provides an overview and introduces Mathematica and its API. It then discusses how to use MathLink to allow Mathematica to call CUDA functions in an external program. It provides examples of simple MathLink programs and discusses how to handle different data types like lists, arrays, complex numbers when communicating between Mathematica and external CUDA programs.
EC203DSD - Module 5 - 3.ppt
The document discusses the concepts of SAP-1 (Simple Assembly Processor 1), a simple computer designed for educational purposes. It describes the components of SAP-1 including the program counter, memory, instruction register, accumulator, controller, and their functions. The timing diagrams for the fetch cycle are explained in detail over three states - address state, increment state, and memory state. The document also lists the instruction set of SAP-1 and provides an example program to demonstrate how it works.
Artificial Neural Network.pptx
Biological neurons and artificial neurons (ANN) both perform tasks like pattern recognition, learning, and generalization. ANNs are algorithmic models of biological neural systems and are composed of interconnected artificial neurons (nodes). ANNs can be trained with supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning. They have applications in tasks like classification, pattern matching, and time series prediction.
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03. Week 03.pptx
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The document discusses various data structures for implementing lists, including array-based and pointer-based implementations. It describes list operations like insert, find, and delete. For pointer-based lists, it covers issues like using a header node, doubly linked lists, and circularly linked lists. The document also discusses implementing polynomials as linked lists sorted by exponent and sorting algorithms like bucket sort and radix sort.
Linked List.pptx
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C/C++. It begins with the objectives of understanding linked lists as a dynamic data structure that can grow and shrink. It then covers memory allocation and the differences between static and dynamic memory allocation. Key concepts discussed include using malloc, calloc and realloc to allocate memory dynamically. The document defines different types of linked lists like singly linked lists and explains basic linked list operations like traversing, inserting and deleting nodes. It concludes by discussing the pros and cons of linked lists.
Please help solve this in C++ So the program is working fin.pdf
Please help solve this in C++. So the program is working fine but when submitting it, it gives me a
code -11, and I believe the problem is that after inserting the numbers it removes them one by one
until the last in the list, and when it tries to remove the last number in the list that is when it
counters the problem. Below is the full code but you just need to change something in the
SortedNumberList.h file under the bool remove function.
4.18 LAB: Sorted number list implementation with linked lists Step 1: Inspect the Node.h file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking on
the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables: - a double data value, - a pointer to the next node, and - a pointer to the
previous node. Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the
provided getter and setter member functions to get or set a member variable. Node.h is read only,
since no changes are required. Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function A class for a
sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the SortedNumberList
class's Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with the parameter value,
then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex: Suppose a
SortedNumberList's current list is 2347.2586, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node with data
value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's sorted order
and yielding: 2335.547.2586Step 3: Test in develop mode Code in main() takes a space-
separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList. The list is displayed after
each insertion. Ex: If input is 77154263.5 then output is: List after inserting 77 : 77 List after
inserting 15 : 1577 List after inserting -42 : -421577 List after inserting 63.5: -421563.577 Try
various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list. Step 4: Implement the Remove()
member function Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove(0 member function. The
function takes a parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not
exist in the list, the list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the
number is removed from the list and true is returned. Uncomment the commented-out part in
main() that reads a second input line and removes numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to
ensure that insertion and removal both work properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
841972841961 then output is: List after inserting 84: 84 List after inserting 72 : 7284 List after
inserting 19: 1972 84 List after inserting 61: 1961 : 72 8 List after removing 19: 6172 84 List after
removing 84: 6172Current file: main.cpp - // Insert each value and show the sorted List's contents
after each insertion sortedNumberList list; for (auto term : terms) { doubl.
Need done for Date Structures please! 4-18 LAB- Sorted number list imp.pdf
Need done for Date Structures please!
4.18 LAB: Sorted number list implementation with linked lists
Step 1: Inspect the Node.h file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking
on the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables:
a double data value,
a pointer to the next node, and
a pointer to the previous node.
Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the provided getter and
setter member functions to get or set a member variable.
Node.h is read only, since no changes are required.
Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function
A class for a sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the
SortedNumberList class's Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with
the parameter value, then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex:
Suppose a SortedNumberList's current list is 23 47.25 86, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node
with data value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's
sorted order and yielding: 23 35.5 47.25 86
Step 3: Test in develop mode
Code in main() takes a space-separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList.
The list is displayed after each insertion. Ex: If input is
then output is:
Try various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list.
Step 4: Implement the Remove() member function
Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove() member function. The function takes a
parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not exist in the list, the
list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the number is removed
from the list and true is returned.
Uncomment the commented-out part in main() that reads a second input line and removes
numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to ensure that insertion and removal both work
properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
then output is:
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "Node.h"
#include "SortedNumberList.h"
using namespace std;
void PrintList(SortedNumberList& list);
vector<string> SpaceSplit(string source);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// Read the line of input numbers
string inputLine;
getline(cin, inputLine);
// Split on space character
vector<string> terms = SpaceSplit(inputLine);
// Insert each value and show the sorted list's contents after each insertion
SortedNumberList list;
for (auto term : terms) {
double number = stod(term);
cout << "List after inserting " << number << ": " << endl;
list.Insert(number);
PrintList(list);
}
/*
// Read the input line with numbers to remove
getline(cin, inputLine);
terms = SpaceSplit(inputLine);
// Remove each value
for (auto term : terms) {
double number = stod(term);
cout << "List after removing " << number << ": " << endl;
list.Remove(number.
linkedlist.pptx
Heap memory is a common pool of dynamic memory used for allocating objects and data structures during program execution. It is part of RAM and allows for longer-lived allocations compared to stack memory. When the heap is full, garbage collection clears unused objects to free up space. Linked lists are linear data structures composed of nodes containing a data field and a pointer to the next node. They allow for dynamic sizes and efficient insertions/deletions unlike arrays. Doubly linked lists include pointers to both the next and previous nodes, allowing traversal in both directions but requiring more space.
UNIT 3a.pptx
The document discusses data structures including linked lists and trees. It describes linked lists, their implementations and operations. Specifically, it covers single, double and circular linked lists. It also covers different types of trees like binary trees, binary search trees, AVL trees, B-trees and heaps. It discusses their representations, implementations and traversal algorithms. Finally, it provides information on dynamic memory allocation in C using functions like malloc(), calloc(), free() and realloc().
Lec-4_Linked-List (1).pdf
A linked list is a data structure made up of nodes that are connected to each other. Each node contains data and a link to the next node. Linked lists can grow and shrink dynamically as nodes are added or removed. There are several types of linked lists including single linked lists where navigation is forward only, doubly linked lists where navigation is bidirectional, and circular linked lists where the last node links back to the first node. Common operations on linked lists include appending nodes to add to the end, inserting nodes in a sorted manner, and deleting nodes by value. These operations involve allocating memory for new nodes, linking nodes together, and removing nodes by adjusting pointers.
hi i have to write a java program involving link lists. i have a pro.pdf
hi i have to write a java program involving link lists. i have a problem with the nodes, as it is
posting errors with the nodes.
please help me with this problem. thank you.
public class LinkLists {
/* only need to store a single pointer to the node at the head
* of the list.
* The pointer is null if the list is empty.
* Also record the size of the list.
*/
protected Node head;
/* invariant: size is the number of nodes in the list pointed to by head */
protected int size;
/* no-arguments default constructor creates an empty list */
public LinkLists() {
head = null; // start with an empty list
size = 0;
}
/* accessor method */
public int size() {
return size;
}
/* value to add to the end of the list
*/
public void add(T value) {
head = addAtEnd(head, value);
size++;
}
/* node of the list to which the value should be added
* value to add to the end of the list
*/
private Node addAtEnd(Node node, T value) {
if (node == null) { // special case
return new Node(value, null);
} else if (node.getNext() == null) { // other special case
node.setNext(new Node(value, null));
} else {
addAtEnd(node.getNext(), value);
}
return node;
}
/* iterative implementation of the same method
* value to add to the end of the list
*/
public void add2(T value) {
if (head == null) {
head = new Node(value, null);
} else {
Node node = head; // guaranteed not to be null initially
while (node.getNext() != null) {
node = node.getNext(); // guaranteed not to be null here
}
// now, node.getNext() is guaranteed to be null
// similar to the second special case in addAtEnd
node.setNext(new Node(value, null));
}
size++;
}
public void remove(int position) throws BadItemCountException {
if ((position < 1) || (position > size)) {
throw new
BadItemCountException(\"invalid position \" + position +
\", only 1..\" + size + \" available\");
}
if (position == 1) {
head = head.getNext();
} else {
Node node = head;
for (int i = 2; i < position; i++) {
node = node.getNext();
}
node.setNext(node.getNext().getNext());
}
size--; // one less item
}
public String toString() {
return toString(head);
}
private String toString(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return \"\";
} else {
return node.getValue() + \"\ \" + toString(node.getNext());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* create two empty lists, make sure they print out correctly */
LinkLists list1 = new LinkLists();
LinkLists list2 = new LinkLists();
System.out.println(\"list1 = \'\" + list1 + \"\', list2 = \'\" + list2 + \"\'\");
System.out.println(\"list1.size() = \" + list1.size() +
\", list2.size() = \" + list2.size());
/* insert some items, keep checking */
list1.add(\"hello\");
list1.add(\"world\");
list2.add(\"foo\");
list2.add(\"bar\");
list2.add(\"baz\");
System.out.println(\"list1 = \'\" + list1 + \"\', list2 = \'\" + list2 + \"\'\");
System.out.println(\"list1.size() = \" + list1.size() +
\", list2.size() = \" + list2.size());
/* remove an item at an invalid position */
boolean caught = false;
try {
list2.remove(4);
} catch .
List
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation as an alternative to arrays for representing list abstract data types (ADTs). It covers the basic operations of linked lists like insertion, deletion, finding elements, and printing the list. Variations of linked lists like circular and doubly linked lists are also introduced. The key benefits of linked lists over arrays are their dynamic size and efficient insertion/deletion operations. Linked lists provide a modular way to implement common ADTs through encapsulation of data and operations.
Python programming workshop
Basic Python Programming สรุปสั้นๆ อ่านง่าย เข้าใจง่าย โดย ผศ ดร ปราโมทย์ กั่วเจริญ เหมาะกับผู้เริ่มต้น
Sorted number list implementation with linked listsStep 1 Inspec.pdf
Sorted number list implementation with linked lists
Step 1: Inspect the Node.java file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.java. Access Node.java by
clicking on the orange arrow next to LabProgram.java at the top of the coding window. The
Node class has three fields:
a double data value,
a reference to the next node, and
a reference to the previous node.
Each field is protected. So code outside of the class must use the provided getter and setter
methods to get or set a field.
Node.java is read only, since no changes are required.
Step 2: Implement the insert() method
A class for a sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.java. Implement the
SortedNumberList class's insert() method. The method must create a new node with the
parameter value, then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex:
Suppose a SortedNumberList's current list is 23 47.25 86, then insert(33.5) is called. A new
node with data value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's
sorted order and yielding: 23 35.5 47.25 86
Step 3: Test in develop mode
Code in main() takes a space-separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList.
The list is displayed after each insertion. Ex: If input is
then output is:
Try various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list.
Step 4: Implement the remove() method
Implement the SortedNumberList class's remove() method. The method takes a parameter for the
number to be removed from the list. If the number does not exist in the list, the list is not
changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the number is removed from the
list and true is returned.
Uncomment the commented-out part in main() that reads a second input line and removes
numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to ensure that insertion and removal both work
properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
then output is:
Given templates:
LabProgram.java
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class LabProgram {
// Prints the SortedNumberList's contents, in order from head to tail
public static void printList(SortedNumberList list) {
Node node = list.head;
while (null != node) {
System.out.print(node.getData() + " ");
node = node.getNext();
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
String inputLine;
// Read the line of input numbers
inputLine = scnr.nextLine();
// Split on space character
String[] terms = inputLine.split(" ");
// Insert each value and show the sorted list's contents after each insertion
SortedNumberList list = new SortedNumberList();
for (Object term : terms) {
double number = Double.parseDouble(term.toString());
System.out.println("List after inserting " + number + ": ");
list.insert(number);
printList(list);
}
/*
// Read the input line with numbers to remove
inputLine = scnr.nextLine();
terms = inputLine.split(" ".
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C++ Doubly-Linked ListsThe goal of the exercise is to implement a.pdf
C++: Doubly-Linked Lists
The goal of the exercise is to implement a class List of doubly- linked lists.
My goal is to implement the class in a file doubly-linked.cpp.
The class List implements lists using the following structures for list ele- ments:
struct Node { int val ;
Node next;
Node prev; };
Each Node contains a value (an integer) and two pointers: one meant to point to the next element
of the list and one meant to point to the previous element in the list. The class provides the
following methods that you need to implement:
• A constructor and a destructor, with no arguments;
• void insert(int n): insert an integer at the end of the list;
• void reverse(): reverse the list;
• void print(): print the list to cout in the same format as the input (i.e. integers separated by
spaces);
doubly-linked.h
#ifndef __dll__
#define __dll__
#include
using namespace std;
// Basic structure to store elements of a list
struct Node {
int val; // contains the value
Node * next; // pointer to the next element in the list
Node * prev; // pointer to the previous element in the list
};
// Class List
class List {
public:
List(void); // Constructor
~List(void); // Destructor
void insert(int n); // This should insert n in the list
void reverse(void); // This should reverse the list
void print(void); // This shoiuld print the list
private:
Node * first; // Pointer to the first (if any) element in the list
};
#endif
main.cpp
#include
#include \"doubly-linked.h\"
using namespace std;
int main(void){
List l;
int n;
while(cin >> n){
l.insert(n);
}
// Print list as read from cin
l.print();
// Reverse the list and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
// Reverse again and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
return 0;
}
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
/* Linked list structure */
struct list {
struct list *prev;
int data;
struct list *next;
} *node = NULL, *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *node1 = NULL, *node2 = NULL;
class linkedlist {
public:
/* Function for create/insert node at the beginning of Linked list */
void insrt_frnt() {
list *addBeg = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addBeg->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
addBeg->next = NULL;
first = addBeg;
last = addBeg;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
first->prev = addBeg;
addBeg->next = first;
first = addBeg;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the beginning of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for create/insert node at the end of Linked list */
void insrt_end() {
list *addEnd = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addEnd->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addEnd->prev = NULL;
addEnd->next = NULL;
first = addEnd;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addEnd->next = NULL;
last->next = addEnd;
addEnd->prev = last;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the end of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for Display Linked list */
void display() {
node = first;
cout << \"List of data in L.
Linked list
This document discusses linked lists and polynomials represented as linked lists. It provides details on singly linked lists, including how to implement insertion and deletion of nodes. It also describes how to represent stacks and queues as dynamically linked lists. Finally, it discusses representing polynomials using arrays or linked lists, and how to perform addition and multiplication of polynomials in each representation.
Unit7 C
- Data structures allow for efficient handling of large volumes of data through logical organization and relationships between data elements. Common linear data structures include arrays, lists, stacks, and queues, while trees and graphs are examples of non-linear data structures.
- Abstract data types (ADTs) define a set of complex data objects and operations that can be performed on those objects without specifying their implementation. Data structures provide a way to implement the logical relationships and operations defined in an ADT.
- Linked lists provide an alternative to arrays for storing data by linking each data element to the next using pointers, rather than requiring contiguous memory locations. This allows for more flexible insertion and deletion compared to arrays.
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Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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MO 2020 DS Applications of Linked List 1 AB.ppt
- 1. Programming and Data Structures Lecture #1 Applications of Linked List
- 2. Given two polynomial numbers represented by a linked list. Write a function that add these lists means add the coefficients who have same variable powers Example: Input: 1st number = 5x^2 + 4x^1 + 2x^0 2nd number = 5x^1 + 5x^0 Output: 5x^2 + 9x^1 + 7x^0 Input: 1st number = 5x^3 + 4x^2 + 2x^0 2nd number = 5x^1 + 5x^0 Output: 5x^3 + 4x^2 + 5x^1 + 7x^0 2 Adding two polynomials using Linked List Courtesy: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circular-linked-list/
- 3. 3
- 4. // C++ program for addition of two polynomials // using Linked Lists #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Node structure containing power and coefficient of variable struct Node { int coeff; int pow; struct Node *next; }; 4
- 5. // Function to create new node void create_node(int x, int y, struct Node **temp) { struct Node *r, *z; z = *temp; if(z == NULL) { r =(struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); r->coeff = x; r->pow = y; *temp = r; r->next = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); r = r->next; r->next = NULL; } else { r->coeff = x; r->pow = y; r->next = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); r = r->next; r->next = NULL; } } 5
- 6. // Function Adding two polynomial numbers void polyadd(struct Node *poly1, struct Node *poly2, struct Node *poly) { while(poly1->next && poly2->next) { // If power of 1st polynomial is greater then 2nd, then store 1st as it is and move its pointer if(poly1->pow > poly2->pow) { poly->pow = poly1->pow; poly->coeff = poly1->coeff; poly1 = poly1->next; } // If power of 2nd polynomial is greater then 1st, then store 2nd as it is and move its pointer else if(poly1->pow < poly2->pow) { poly->pow = poly2->pow; poly->coeff = poly2->coeff; poly2 = poly2->next; } 6
- 7. // If power of both polynomial numbers is same then add their coefficients else { poly->pow = poly1->pow; poly->coeff = poly1->coeff+poly2->coeff; poly1 = poly1->next; poly2 = poly2->next; } // Dynamically create new node poly->next = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); poly = poly->next; poly->next = NULL; } 7
- 8. while(poly1->next || poly2->next) { if(poly1->next) { poly->pow = poly1->pow; poly->coeff = poly1->coeff; poly1 = poly1->next; } if(poly2->next) { poly->pow = poly2->pow; poly->coeff = poly2->coeff; poly2 = poly2->next; } poly->next = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); poly = poly->next; poly->next = NULL; } } 8
- 9. // Display Linked list void show(struct Node *node) { while(node->next != NULL) { printf("%dx^%d", node->coeff, node->pow); node = node->next; if(node->next != NULL) printf(" + "); } } 9
- 10. // Driver program int main() { struct Node *poly1 = NULL, *poly2 = NULL, *poly = NULL; // Create first list of 5x^2 + 4x^1 + 2x^0 create_node(5,2,&poly1); create_node(4,1,&poly1); create_node(2,0,&poly1); // Create second list of 5x^1 + 5x^0 create_node(5,1,&poly2); create_node(5,0,&poly2); printf("1st Number: "); show(poly1); printf("n2nd Number: "); show(poly2); poly = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 10
- 11. // Function add two polynomial numbers polyadd(poly1, poly2, poly); // Display resultant List printf("nAdded polynomial: "); show(poly); return 0; } Output: 1st Number: 5x^2 + 4x^1 + 2x^0 2nd Number: 5x^1 + 5x^0 Added polynomial: 5x^2 + 9x^1 + 7x^0 Time Complexity: O(m + n) where m and n are number of nodes in first and second lists respectively. 11
- 12. A matrix is a two-dimensional data object made of m rows and n columns, thus having total m x n values. If most of the elements of the matrix have 0 value, then it is called a sparse matrix Why to use Sparse Matrix instead of simple matrix ? Storage: There are lesser non-zero elements than zeros and thus lesser memory can be used to store only those elements. Computing time: Computing time can be saved by logically designing a data structure traversing only non-zero elements.. 12 Sparse Matrix and its representations using Arrays and Linked List
- 13. Example: Why to use Sparse Matrix instead of simple matrix ? 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 Representing a sparse matrix by a 2D array leads to wastage of lots of memory as zeroes in the matrix are of no use in most of the cases. So, instead of storing zeroes with non-zero elements, we only store non-zero elements. This means storing non- zero elements with triples- (Row, Column, value). Sparse Matrix Representations can be done in many ways following are two common representations: Array representation Linked list representation 13
- 14. Example: Why to use Sparse Matrix instead of simple matrix ? 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 Representing a sparse matrix by a 2D array leads to wastage of lots of memory as zeroes in the matrix are of no use in most of the cases. So, instead of storing zeroes with non-zero elements, we only store non-zero elements. This means storing non- zero elements with triples- (Row, Column, value). Sparse Matrix Representations can be done in many ways following are two common representations: Array representation Linked list representation 14
- 15. Method 1: Using Arrays 2D array is used to represent a sparse matrix in which there are three rows named as • Row: Index of row, where non-zero element is located • Column: Index of column, where non-zero element is located • Value: Value of the non zero element located at index – (row,column) 15
- 16. Method 2: Using Linked Lists In linked list, each node has four fields. These four fields are defined as: • Row: Index of row, where non-zero element is located • Column: Index of column, where non-zero element is located • Value: Value of the non zero element located at index – (row,column) • Next node: Address of the next node 16