This document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including the 7th edition updates. It discusses general MLA guidelines for document format, in-text citations, and Works Cited pages. Specific formatting guidelines are provided for the first page, section headings, short and long quotations, and sample Works Cited entries for various source types like books, articles, and websites. The document is intended as a reference for students on applying MLA standards.
This presentation provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the key changes from previous editions, including no longer underlining titles and including publication medium. The presentation covers general MLA guidelines, how to format the first page, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page. It provides examples for each of these elements and discusses citing various source types like books, periodicals, websites, and other media.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It covers the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and adding a header with the author's last name and page number. In-text citations and Works Cited entries are also explained, including formats for citing books, articles, websites and other sources. Specific guidelines are provided for quoting and citing sources in the text as well as formatting the Works Cited page according to MLA style.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including page layout, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. The document covers topics such as using a header, setting margins, indenting paragraphs, and properly citing different source types such as books, articles, web pages, and more.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general guidelines for MLA style papers including formatting of title pages, in-text citations, formatting quotations, section headings, and Works Cited pages. Key changes to MLA style in the 7th edition include no longer underlining titles and including the publication medium in citations. The document provides numerous examples and samples of how to format different aspects of a paper in MLA style.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style. It addresses formatting for font, margins, indentation, page headers, title pages, and section headings. It also covers in-text citations including author-page citations, works with no known author, works with multiple authors or editions, and quoting sources. The guidelines conclude with information on formatting reference list entries, including core elements like author, title, publisher, and date.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation style guidelines for documenting sources in research papers according to the MLA Handbook 7th edition. It covers citing various publication types, including periodical articles, books, web publications, and other common sources. For each publication type, it lists the core elements that must be included in a citation, such as author name, title, publication details. It also provides examples of formatted citations for different sources like books, journal articles, and webpages.
This document provides guidance on using MLA citation style. It explains when and how to cite sources, including direct quotes, paraphrased information, and ideas not generally known. Sample citations are given for a book with one author and an essay in an edited book. The document also reviews formatting for the works cited page, listing references alphabetically by author's last name. Resources for additional help with MLA style are listed.
This presentation provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the key changes from previous editions, including no longer underlining titles and including publication medium. The presentation covers general MLA guidelines, how to format the first page, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page. It provides examples for each of these elements and discusses citing various source types like books, periodicals, websites, and other media.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It covers the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and adding a header with the author's last name and page number. In-text citations and Works Cited entries are also explained, including formats for citing books, articles, websites and other sources. Specific guidelines are provided for quoting and citing sources in the text as well as formatting the Works Cited page according to MLA style.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including page layout, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. The document covers topics such as using a header, setting margins, indenting paragraphs, and properly citing different source types such as books, articles, web pages, and more.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general guidelines for MLA style papers including formatting of title pages, in-text citations, formatting quotations, section headings, and Works Cited pages. Key changes to MLA style in the 7th edition include no longer underlining titles and including the publication medium in citations. The document provides numerous examples and samples of how to format different aspects of a paper in MLA style.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style. It addresses formatting for font, margins, indentation, page headers, title pages, and section headings. It also covers in-text citations including author-page citations, works with no known author, works with multiple authors or editions, and quoting sources. The guidelines conclude with information on formatting reference list entries, including core elements like author, title, publisher, and date.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation style guidelines for documenting sources in research papers according to the MLA Handbook 7th edition. It covers citing various publication types, including periodical articles, books, web publications, and other common sources. For each publication type, it lists the core elements that must be included in a citation, such as author name, title, publication details. It also provides examples of formatted citations for different sources like books, journal articles, and webpages.
This document provides guidance on using MLA citation style. It explains when and how to cite sources, including direct quotes, paraphrased information, and ideas not generally known. Sample citations are given for a book with one author and an essay in an edited book. The document also reviews formatting for the works cited page, listing references alphabetically by author's last name. Resources for additional help with MLA style are listed.
The document discusses plagiarism, paraphrasing sources, and using the literary present tense when writing about fiction. It defines plagiarism and explains what needs and does not need to be cited. Guidelines are provided for properly paraphrasing sources rather than copying directly. Examples show correct and incorrect paraphrasing. The document also discusses using the present tense when analyzing fictional events and works, while using past tense for historical facts and events. MLA citation format and conventions are outlined.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general rules for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and adding a header with the page number. It also covers how to format the first page and includes a sample. Additionally, it explains how to format in-text citations for various source types and construct a Works Cited page, using examples for books, websites, and other sources. The goal is to teach writers how to properly cite sources and construct a bibliography according to MLA style.
The document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including general guidelines, formatting the first page, in-text citations, works cited pages, and examples of citations for different source types like books, articles, websites. Key guidelines include double spacing, 1-inch margins, indented paragraphs, and parenthetical citations with corresponding references in an alphabetized works cited list.
This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including: formatting papers with 1 inch margins, double spacing, and header with author's last name and page number; using parenthetical citations with author's last name and page number or short title; and formatting the Works Cited page alphabetically by author's last name. MLA style regulates formatting, in-text citations, and bibliographies to give credit to sources and allow readers to find them.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources in MLA format, including examples of citations for various source types such as books, websites, periodicals, and more. It explains the general MLA guidelines for arranging works cited pages alphabetically and double spacing. Sample citations are given for different source formats, such as books, websites, periodicals, and databases. Parenthetical citation formats are also described and exemplified.
This document provides examples of how words can function as different parts of speech depending on their meaning and use in a sentence. Specifically, it discusses how the same word can be used as both a noun and an adjective, or as both a noun and a verb. Determining a word's part of speech depends on the sense in which it is used rather than the word itself. The document then provides examples of words functioning as both nouns and adjectives, and nouns and verbs, to illustrate this concept of words having multiple grammatical functions.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including formatting the title page, body text, citations, and works cited page. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, a header with the author's last name and page number, and formatting citations, block quotes, and references in alphabetical order by author's last name.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources using MLA citation style, including both in-text citations and works cited entries. It discusses placing parenthetical citations in the body of the text and creating a double-spaced works cited list at the end. Examples are given for various source types, such as books, articles, websites, and legal documents. Proper formatting is outlined, such as using author names, titles, publication information, and medium of source.
The document provides an overview of Chicago style citations. It discusses why citations are used in different styles depending on academic disciplines. Chicago style uses footnote citations and a bibliography. The presentation covers general formatting guidelines, in-text citations, footnote format, bibliography entries, and citing primary sources. Examples are provided to illustrate Chicago citation style. Additional resources for citations are also listed.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting guidelines for papers, including general formatting rules, formatting the first page, creating a header, formatting the works cited page, creating in-text citations, formatting quotations, and abbreviations. It discusses rules for font, margins, page numbers, titles, headers, works cited pages, in-text citations, quotation formatting, and more. The document includes examples of correctly formatted pages, citations, and quotations. It is intended as a workshop for students to learn the essential aspects of MLA style.
This document provides guidance on MLA citation style, including in-text citations, works cited pages, and formatting tables, figures, poems, and direct quotations. It explains that in-text citations include the author's last name and page number in parentheses within the text. The works cited page lists full reference details in alphabetical order at the end. Various examples are provided of properly integrating sources into academic writing according to MLA style.
This document provides information on how to properly cite sources and avoid plagiarism using MLA format. It discusses the goals of learning MLA style, how to format the Works Cited page, why citing sources is important, what constitutes plagiarism, and how to document sources in-text using parenthetical citations that correspond to the Works Cited list. Examples are given for citing different source types such as books, articles, websites and more.
This document provides guidance on citing sources using MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses citing various types of sources like books, journal articles, websites, films and more. Key information covered includes providing author names, titles, publication dates, and medium of publication. The document emphasizes collecting full information for sources and prioritizing downloading materials over citing online-only content.
This document provides instructions for formatting a works cited page, including how to cite different sources such as books by one author, encyclopedias, periodicals, online entries, and a sample works cited page. Specific details are given for author name formatting, title formatting, publisher and date information for different source types.
This document provides guidance for writing a literary analysis essay on a short story. It discusses including an introduction with background on the author, story, theme, and literary devices to be analyzed. Body paragraphs should each focus on one literary device and how the author uses it to develop the theme, including at least one quote. The conclusion restates the thesis and what was learned from analyzing the work. Proper integration of quotes with attribution is also covered.
The document provides guidelines for formatting references and citations according to different styles like MLA, APA, Chicago and Harvard. It discusses the importance of citations in giving due credit to sources and preventing plagiarism. Various citation methods like footnotes, endnotes, parenthetical citations and creating a bibliography or reference section are also described. Examples of citing different sources like books, articles, conferences and dissertations are given according to MLA style.
This document provides guidance on citation and referencing for academic honesty. It explains that any time you borrow words or ideas from another source, whether through direct quotes, paraphrasing, or summarizing, you need to cite the original work. It describes different citation styles like MLA, APA, and Chicago and how to format in-text citations, references, and bibliographies. Examples are given for citing different types of sources like books, articles, websites, and more. The document aims to teach students how and when to properly cite sources.
The summary provides the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) The chapter discusses how Shakespeare is often referenced by new writers because his works are so widely read and considered a high standard of literature.
2) It explains that Shakespeare is seen as an "authority" since his texts are viewed as "sacred" on par with the Bible, and they provide a source for new writers to develop their own ideas against.
3) The chapter also gives examples of how Shakespeare's works have been recreated in other literary works and media, demonstrating the ongoing influence of the Bard.
The document provides instructions for taking Cornell notes on a chapter from the book "How to Read Literature Like a Professor" by Thomas Foster. The chapter is titled "When in Doubt, It's from Shakespeare". The instructions include 5 focus questions about the chapter and key terms to define. The notes are to address the questions using details from the text, define the vocabulary, and include a summary.
Useful suggestions and guidelines for writing papers in the humanities. This series is a supplement for lecture and discussion in the college classroom. While this presentation is primarily intended for writing research and other general topic papers in literature, cultural studies, history, and other disciplines within the humanities, the concepts it addresses may also be useful for writers from other disciplines.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It covers 2009 updates to MLA, general formatting guidelines including font, margins, headings, and page headers. It also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page including entries for different source types like books, articles, web pages, and more. The document aims to instruct readers on all aspects of MLA formatting and citation.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- General guidelines for formatting papers, such as setting margins, font, line spacing, etc.
- Guidelines for formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quotations, and works cited pages.
- Examples of citing various sources like books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials in both in-text citations and works cited entries.
- Key changes in the 7th edition of MLA from 2009, such as no longer underlining and including publication medium.
The document discusses plagiarism, paraphrasing sources, and using the literary present tense when writing about fiction. It defines plagiarism and explains what needs and does not need to be cited. Guidelines are provided for properly paraphrasing sources rather than copying directly. Examples show correct and incorrect paraphrasing. The document also discusses using the present tense when analyzing fictional events and works, while using past tense for historical facts and events. MLA citation format and conventions are outlined.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general rules for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and adding a header with the page number. It also covers how to format the first page and includes a sample. Additionally, it explains how to format in-text citations for various source types and construct a Works Cited page, using examples for books, websites, and other sources. The goal is to teach writers how to properly cite sources and construct a bibliography according to MLA style.
The document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including general guidelines, formatting the first page, in-text citations, works cited pages, and examples of citations for different source types like books, articles, websites. Key guidelines include double spacing, 1-inch margins, indented paragraphs, and parenthetical citations with corresponding references in an alphabetized works cited list.
This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including: formatting papers with 1 inch margins, double spacing, and header with author's last name and page number; using parenthetical citations with author's last name and page number or short title; and formatting the Works Cited page alphabetically by author's last name. MLA style regulates formatting, in-text citations, and bibliographies to give credit to sources and allow readers to find them.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources in MLA format, including examples of citations for various source types such as books, websites, periodicals, and more. It explains the general MLA guidelines for arranging works cited pages alphabetically and double spacing. Sample citations are given for different source formats, such as books, websites, periodicals, and databases. Parenthetical citation formats are also described and exemplified.
This document provides examples of how words can function as different parts of speech depending on their meaning and use in a sentence. Specifically, it discusses how the same word can be used as both a noun and an adjective, or as both a noun and a verb. Determining a word's part of speech depends on the sense in which it is used rather than the word itself. The document then provides examples of words functioning as both nouns and adjectives, and nouns and verbs, to illustrate this concept of words having multiple grammatical functions.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including formatting the title page, body text, citations, and works cited page. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, a header with the author's last name and page number, and formatting citations, block quotes, and references in alphabetical order by author's last name.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources using MLA citation style, including both in-text citations and works cited entries. It discusses placing parenthetical citations in the body of the text and creating a double-spaced works cited list at the end. Examples are given for various source types, such as books, articles, websites, and legal documents. Proper formatting is outlined, such as using author names, titles, publication information, and medium of source.
The document provides an overview of Chicago style citations. It discusses why citations are used in different styles depending on academic disciplines. Chicago style uses footnote citations and a bibliography. The presentation covers general formatting guidelines, in-text citations, footnote format, bibliography entries, and citing primary sources. Examples are provided to illustrate Chicago citation style. Additional resources for citations are also listed.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting guidelines for papers, including general formatting rules, formatting the first page, creating a header, formatting the works cited page, creating in-text citations, formatting quotations, and abbreviations. It discusses rules for font, margins, page numbers, titles, headers, works cited pages, in-text citations, quotation formatting, and more. The document includes examples of correctly formatted pages, citations, and quotations. It is intended as a workshop for students to learn the essential aspects of MLA style.
This document provides guidance on MLA citation style, including in-text citations, works cited pages, and formatting tables, figures, poems, and direct quotations. It explains that in-text citations include the author's last name and page number in parentheses within the text. The works cited page lists full reference details in alphabetical order at the end. Various examples are provided of properly integrating sources into academic writing according to MLA style.
This document provides information on how to properly cite sources and avoid plagiarism using MLA format. It discusses the goals of learning MLA style, how to format the Works Cited page, why citing sources is important, what constitutes plagiarism, and how to document sources in-text using parenthetical citations that correspond to the Works Cited list. Examples are given for citing different source types such as books, articles, websites and more.
This document provides guidance on citing sources using MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses citing various types of sources like books, journal articles, websites, films and more. Key information covered includes providing author names, titles, publication dates, and medium of publication. The document emphasizes collecting full information for sources and prioritizing downloading materials over citing online-only content.
This document provides instructions for formatting a works cited page, including how to cite different sources such as books by one author, encyclopedias, periodicals, online entries, and a sample works cited page. Specific details are given for author name formatting, title formatting, publisher and date information for different source types.
This document provides guidance for writing a literary analysis essay on a short story. It discusses including an introduction with background on the author, story, theme, and literary devices to be analyzed. Body paragraphs should each focus on one literary device and how the author uses it to develop the theme, including at least one quote. The conclusion restates the thesis and what was learned from analyzing the work. Proper integration of quotes with attribution is also covered.
The document provides guidelines for formatting references and citations according to different styles like MLA, APA, Chicago and Harvard. It discusses the importance of citations in giving due credit to sources and preventing plagiarism. Various citation methods like footnotes, endnotes, parenthetical citations and creating a bibliography or reference section are also described. Examples of citing different sources like books, articles, conferences and dissertations are given according to MLA style.
This document provides guidance on citation and referencing for academic honesty. It explains that any time you borrow words or ideas from another source, whether through direct quotes, paraphrasing, or summarizing, you need to cite the original work. It describes different citation styles like MLA, APA, and Chicago and how to format in-text citations, references, and bibliographies. Examples are given for citing different types of sources like books, articles, websites, and more. The document aims to teach students how and when to properly cite sources.
The summary provides the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) The chapter discusses how Shakespeare is often referenced by new writers because his works are so widely read and considered a high standard of literature.
2) It explains that Shakespeare is seen as an "authority" since his texts are viewed as "sacred" on par with the Bible, and they provide a source for new writers to develop their own ideas against.
3) The chapter also gives examples of how Shakespeare's works have been recreated in other literary works and media, demonstrating the ongoing influence of the Bard.
The document provides instructions for taking Cornell notes on a chapter from the book "How to Read Literature Like a Professor" by Thomas Foster. The chapter is titled "When in Doubt, It's from Shakespeare". The instructions include 5 focus questions about the chapter and key terms to define. The notes are to address the questions using details from the text, define the vocabulary, and include a summary.
Useful suggestions and guidelines for writing papers in the humanities. This series is a supplement for lecture and discussion in the college classroom. While this presentation is primarily intended for writing research and other general topic papers in literature, cultural studies, history, and other disciplines within the humanities, the concepts it addresses may also be useful for writers from other disciplines.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It covers 2009 updates to MLA, general formatting guidelines including font, margins, headings, and page headers. It also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page including entries for different source types like books, articles, web pages, and more. The document aims to instruct readers on all aspects of MLA formatting and citation.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- General guidelines for formatting papers, such as setting margins, font, line spacing, etc.
- Guidelines for formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quotations, and works cited pages.
- Examples of citing various sources like books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials in both in-text citations and works cited entries.
- Key changes in the 7th edition of MLA from 2009, such as no longer underlining and including publication medium.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses the 2009 updates to MLA including removing underlining and adding publication medium details. General formatting guidelines are outlined such as using 12pt Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1 inch margins. Details are provided for formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quotations, and the works cited page. Examples are given for various source types like books, articles, and websites.
This document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including the following key points:
- The 2009 MLA update removed underlining and added publication medium to citations.
- Papers should be double-spaced with 1-inch margins and include the author's name, instructor, course, and date on the first page.
- In-text citations require the author's last name and page number in parentheses.
- The Works Cited page lists all sources alphabetically by author's last name in a hanging indent format.
- Short quotes are incorporated into the text and long quotes are indented in a block format.
This document provides an overview of the MLA 7th edition style guide for formatting papers and citing sources. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font style, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers how to format citations within the text of a paper and create a Works Cited page, including various examples of citing different source types like books, articles, websites. The document is intended as a general introduction to the MLA style.
This document provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting style. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting sources, and constructing a Works Cited page. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate proper citation of various source types in both the text and reference list. Assistance for MLA style questions can be found through the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
This document provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting style. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting sources, and constructing a Works Cited page. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate proper citation of various source types in both the text and reference list. Assistance for MLA style questions can be found through the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting margins, font, spacing, and headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting, and works cited pages. The document provides examples for each of these elements of MLA style.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and inserting a header with the author's last name and page number. The document also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, quoting sources, and creating a Works Cited list in MLA style. Additionally, it addresses citing different source types such as books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials. The presentation aims to cover all aspects of writing and citing sources for a paper using MLA eighth edition style.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses following the instructor's guidelines as the top priority. It then covers MLA specifications for document format, in-text citations, works cited pages, and examples of citing different source types like books, articles, websites and more. Formatting guidelines include setting margins, spacing, font, and structuring title pages, headers and citations within the text and in a works cited list.
This document provides an overview of the 2009 MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including document formatting, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. Key changes in the 2009 update are also summarized, such as using italics instead of underlining and including the publication medium in citations.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general paper format, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and Works Cited page. Key points include double-spacing the document, using a 12 point Times New Roman font, and providing parenthetical citations to correspond with sources listed on the Works Cited page.
This document provides an overview of the 2009 MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including document formatting, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. Key changes in the 2009 update are also summarized, such as no longer underlining titles and including publication medium in citations.
The document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines, outlining the core elements for formatting academic papers, in-text citations, and works cited entries according to the 8th edition of MLA style. It covers general paper formatting, in-text citations, quoting guidelines, and constructing a works cited list, providing examples for different source types. MLA style is commonly used in the humanities and provides rules for formatting papers and citing sources in scholarly work.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a research paper using MLA style. It specifies the paper size, margins, font, spacing, and placement of the header, page numbers, and title. Tables and illustrations should be placed near the relevant text and labeled. In-text citations use the author-page style and Works Cited entries are formatted based on the source type, such as books, periodicals, web pages, interviews, speeches, and films. Short quotes are incorporated into sentences while long quotes are indented without quotation marks.
MLA PowerPoint 8th Edition.ppt a summarybilgeztrk3
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting up papers with 1-inch margins and double spacing. It also covers how to format sources in-text and in the works cited list including books, articles, websites and more. The document demonstrates proper formatting for both short and long quotes from various source types. Overall, it serves as a guide for using MLA style for academic papers.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic components of MLA style such as document formatting, in-text citations, and works cited entries. Key points include that MLA style is often used in the humanities, regulates document format, citations, and bibliographies, and was updated in 2016. The document then provides detailed guidelines on general formatting, first page formatting, section headings, quoting, paraphrasing, and constructing a works cited list according to the 8th edition of MLA style.
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide Purdue OWL StafIlonaThornburg83
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL Staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab
MLA (Modern Language
Association) Style formatting is
often used in various humanities
disciplines.
In addition to the handbook, MLA
also offers The MLA Style Center, a
website that provides additional
instruction and resources for
writing and formatting academic
papers. https://style.mla.org/
What is MLA?
MLA regulates:
• document format
• in-text citations
• works-cited list
What does MLA
regulate?
The 8th edition handbook introduces a new way to cite
sources. Instead of a long list of rules, MLA guidelines
are now based on a set of principles that may be used
to cite any type of source.
The three guiding principles:
1. Cite simple traits shared by most works.
2. Remember that there is more than one way to cite
the same source.
3. Make your documentation useful to readers.
MLA Update 2016
This presentation will cover:
• How to format a paper in MLA style (8th ed.)
• General guidelines
• First page format
• Section headings
• In-text citations
• Formatting quotations
• Documenting sources in MLA style (8th ed.)
• Core elements
• List of works cited
Overview
Basic rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
Your Instructor Knows
Best
An MLA Style paper should:
• Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
• Double-space everything
• Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font
• Leave only one space after punctuation
• Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
• Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
Format: General
Guidelines
An MLA Style paper should:
• Have a header with page numbers located in the
upper right-hand corner
• Use italics for titles
• Place endnotes on a separate page before the list of
works cited
Format: General
Guidelines (cont.)
The first page of an MLA Style paper will:
• Have no title page
• Double space everything
• List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the
upper left-hand corner
• Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics,
quote marks, or bold typeface)
• Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top
and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page
number here)
Formatting the 1st Page
Sample 1st Page
Section Headings are generally optional:
• Headings in an essay should usually be numbered
• Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting but, otherwise, are up to you
Formatting Section
Headings
OR
Numbered (all flush left with no
underlining, bold, or italics):
Example:
1. Soil Conservation
1.1 Erosion
1.2 Terracing
2. Water Conservation
3. Energy Conservation
Unnumbered (by level):
Example:
Level 1: bold, flush left
Level 2: ita ...
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style according to the 8th edition. It covers general paper formatting, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and documenting sources in the works cited list. Key aspects include double-spacing, 1-inch margins, author-page citations, and ordering elements in the works cited list by author, title, publisher etc. The document is intended as a guide for students on the core elements of MLA formatting and citation style.
The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Italy following World War 1. It describes the reaction against liberalism and disappointment over the outcomes of WWI. Fascism gained popularity by exploiting anxieties over socialism, industrialization, and the "mutilated victory" of the postwar Treaty of Versailles. Benito Mussolini consolidated power over various fascist factions and used violence and intimidation to suppress socialists and unions. This culminated in the March on Rome in 1922, after which King Victor Emmanuel III appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, allowing him to establish a fascist dictatorship.
The Spanish Civil War was a conflict between 1936 and 1939 that resulted from a military uprising led by Francisco Franco against the Republican government. It involved violence between conservatives and liberals with religious and economic divisions. The war saw the Republican government supported by socialists, anarchists, and international brigades while Franco was backed by fascists in Germany and Italy who provided troops and supplies. After three years of fighting that killed hundreds of thousands, Franco captured Madrid in 1939, defeating the Republicans and establishing a long dictatorship. The war strengthened the fascist powers in Europe and weakened the influence of democratic nations by their non-intervention.
Examines the failure of the League of Nations with background information from the 1920's. Manchuria, Abyssinia, and Hitler's foreign policy are examined in some detail.
The document outlines what a PESTLE analysis is and the factors it considers. A PESTLE analysis examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental external factors that may impact a business. It is used to understand the environment a business operates in and how changes in these factors could affect the business's objectives and strategy. The document lists examples of factors to consider under each element of the PESTLE analysis framework.
1. The document discusses the market system and how demand, supply, and price are determined. It explains key concepts like the demand curve, which slopes downward to show that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases.
2. The supply curve slopes upward to show that as price increases, quantity supplied also increases. When demand and supply are equal, the market reaches equilibrium.
3. The equilibrium price is where the quantity demanded by consumers is equal to the quantity supplied by producers. The market equilibrium can shift due to changes in demand or supply from factors like income, tastes, costs of production, and new technologies.
Business ethics examines how values and beliefs influence business conduct and operations. Ethical businesses typically produce harmless products, minimize environmental impacts, avoid corruption, treat employees well, and contribute positively to society. While businesses often face ethical dilemmas, behaving ethically can provide benefits like more customers, better employee recruitment and motivation, reduced legal costs, and improved public relations. However, ethical behavior may also increase short-term costs as firms implement changes or lose competitive advantages if others follow suit.
This document provides an overview of business ethics and social responsibility. It defines business ethics as the standards governing conduct and decisions in the workplace. It also discusses factors that influence ethics like laws and an organization's ethical climate. The document outlines responsibilities to various stakeholders, such as providing safe products to customers and equal opportunities to employees. It concludes that social responsibility considers profit, customer satisfaction, and societal well-being.
The document describes the Demographic Transition Model, which outlines 5 stages of population change driven by shifts in birth and death rates. Stage 1 involves high birth and death rates, leading to low population growth. Historically, birth rates were high due to lack of family planning and high child mortality, while death rates were high due to disease and poor sanitation. Stage 2 sees a falling death rate due to improved healthcare, while birth rates remain high, fueling rapid population growth. Later stages involve falling birth rates due to factors like family planning and women's empowerment, stabilizing and eventually declining population growth rates.
Between 1850-1900, new technologies like railroads, steamships, and telegraph cables facilitated the growth of global trade and connections between economies. Industrialization also led to rapid urbanization in Europe and urban environments changed with technologies for transportation, infrastructure, and public services. During this period, ideas like socialism and labor movements developed in response to capitalism and industrial working conditions, seeking better treatment of workers. Nationalism also emerged and helped unify previously divided regions like Germany and Italy into nation states.
1) The market system consists of consumers who create demand and businesses that produce supply. When demand and supply are equal, the market reaches equilibrium.
2) Changes in factors like income, tastes, prices of other goods can cause the demand curve to shift, changing the quantity demanded at each price. Supply is influenced by costs of production and technology, and its curve shifts with these factors.
3) When demand decreases at a given price, a surplus occurs as supply exceeds demand. Prices fall to eliminate the surplus until equilibrium is restored. Conversely, a leftward supply shift creates shortages, raising prices until equilibrium is reestablished.
Population pyramids display a population's age and sex composition using horizontal bars to represent the numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group or cohort. They reveal details about a population such as patterns of fertility, mortality, and migration. Pyramids can have three general profiles: rapid growth shown by a large youth population; slow growth with a smaller youth population; or zero growth with equal numbers in each age range tapering at older ages.
1) Under Stalin's policy of "Socialism in One Country", the Soviet Union pursued diplomatic relations that benefited its own interests above promoting worldwide communist revolution.
2) In the 1920s-1930s, the Soviet Union had shifting relations with Germany, China, Britain, and other countries based on its assessment of threats and opportunities.
3) By 1939, distrust of the West and a desire to avoid war led Stalin to sign the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, dividing Eastern Europe into Soviet and German spheres of influence.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Lenin’s foreign policy & relations 1918-1924 by Alex Rakochyrakochy
Lenin pursued a dual foreign policy after the Russian Civil War. On one hand, he pursued pragmatic diplomatic and economic agreements when beneficial to the USSR, such as trade deals with Germany, Britain, and others. However, he also continued to instigate communist revolutions worldwide through the Comintern, providing funds and support to revolutionary groups despite also forming military alliances. This dual policy aimed to both strengthen the USSR while also exporting revolution internationally.
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914, including nationalism, imperial rivalries, the alliance system, and militarism in Europe. Nationalist movements in the Balkans threatened the stability of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The system of alliances between European powers divided them into two armed camps and heightened tensions. Imperial competition over colonies and economic influence also increased distrust between nations. By 1914, heavily militarized European states viewed war as an acceptable means to resolve disputes, making conflict more likely.
Hitler's foreign policy from 1933-1939 focused on three goals: destroying the Treaty of Versailles, uniting German speakers, and gaining Lebensraum. He withdrew Germany from the League of Nations in 1933 and began secret rearmament. Through threats and appeasement, he annexed the Rhineland, Austria, and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, he invaded Poland, prompting Britain and France to declare war, starting World War II in Europe.
In January 1968, Alexander Dubcek became leader of Czechoslovakia and instituted democratic reforms, which were initially popular. However, in August 1968, Soviet forces invaded Czechoslovakia to end the reforms, arresting Dubcek and forcing him to renounce his policies. Though the Soviets claimed they were responding to fascist threats, they faced widespread non-violent protests from Czech civilians. After a week of occupation, Dubcek was released but forced to invalidate the reforms and reimpose censorship and control over unions and media. The Soviet occupation lasted until 1991 and spurred further anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakia.
Alexander II and the Emancipation of the Serfsrakochy
The document discusses the emancipation of serfs in 19th century Russia and the subsequent reforms under Tsar Alexander II. It provides background on serfdom prior to emancipation in 1861, including the different types of serfs. It then summarizes the key aspects of the 1861 emancipation edict, including granting serfs freedom and land. However, emancipation also led to unrest as peasants faced debt and land disputes. The document next outlines Alexander II's reforms in other areas like the military, judiciary, education, and local government. Overall, it presents an overview of the emancipation of serfs and the modernizing reforms that followed under Alexander II in the mid-19th century.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. Overview
This presentation will cover:
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2009 updates to MLA (7th edition)
General MLA guidelines
First page format
Section headings
In-text citations
Formatting quotations
Works Cited page
3. What is MLA?
MLA (Modern Language Association) style formatting
is often used in various humanities disciplines.
4. What does MLA regulate?
MLA regulates:
Document Format
In-text citations
Works Cited
(a list of all sources
used in the paper)
5. MLA Update 2009
Changes in MLA:
No more underlining
(only use italics)
Inclusion of
publication medium
(e.g. Print, Web, etc.)
New abbreviations
(e.g., “N.p.“ for “no
publisher given“)
6. Your Instructor Knows Best
#1 Rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
7. Format: General Guidelines
Type on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
Double-space everything
Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font (or similar font)
Leave only one space after punctuation
Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
9. Formatting the 1st Page
No title page
Double space everything
In the upper left corner of the 1st page, list your
name, your instructor's name, the course, and date
Center the paper title (use standard caps but no
underlining, italics, quote, or bold)
Create a header in the upper right corner at half
inch from the top and one inch from the right of
the page (include your last name and page
number)
11. Formatting Section Headings
Headings are generally optional
Headings in essays should be numbered
Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting but are otherwise up to you
12. Sample Section Headings
Numbered (all flush left with
no underlining, bold, or
Unnumbered (by level):
Level 1 Heading: bold, flush left
italics):
1. Soil Conservation
1.1 Erosion
1.2 Terracing
Level 2 Heading: italics, flush left
Level 3 Heading: centered, bold
Level 4 Heading: centered, italics
2. Water Conservation
3. Energy Conservation
Level 5 Heading: underlined, flush left
13. In-Text Citations: the Basics
MLA uses parenthetical citations
Parenthetical citations depend on the medium
(e.g. Print, Web, DVD)
Parenthetical citations also depend on the source’s
entry on the Works Cited page
Signal word in the text is the first thing in the
corresponding entry on the Works Cited page
14. Author-Page Style
In-text Example:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a
“spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively
explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford
UP, 1967. Print.
15. Print Source with Author
In-text Example:
Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as
“symbol-using animals” (3).
Human beings have been described as “symbol-using
animals” (Burke 3).
16. Print Source with Author
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays
on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of
California P, 1966. Print.
17. With Unknown Author
In-text Example:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America
likely because this region has “more readily accessible
climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor
and study environmental change . . .” (“Impact of Global
Warming” 6).
18. With Unknown Author
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.”
Global Warming: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar.
2009.
19. Other In-Text Citations 1
Classic & Literary Works with Multiple Editions
In-text Example:
Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class
struggles (79; ch. 1).
Authors with Same Last Names
In-text Example:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to
designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for
medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
20. Other In-Text Citations 2
Work by Multiple Authors
In-text Examples:
Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not
needed in the United States (76).
The authors state “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes
Second Amendment rights“ (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).
Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting
the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to
adjust gun laws (4).
21. Other In-Text Citations 3
Multiple Works by the Same Author
In-text Examples:
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small
children (“Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere
that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small
motor skill development in a child's second and third year (“HandEye Development” 17).
Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be “too easy”
(Elkins, “Visual Studies” 63).
22. Other In-Text Citations 4
Citing Multivolume Works
In-text Example:
. . . as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14-17).
Citing the Bible
In-text Example:
Ezekiel saw “what seemed to be four living creatures,“ each with
faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible,
Ezek. 1.5-10).
23. Other In-Text Citations 5
Citing Indirect Sources
In-text Example:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as “social
service centers, and they don't do that well“ (qtd. in Weisman 259).
Multiple Citations
In-text Example:
. . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
24. Other In-Text Citations 6
Miscellaneous Non-Print Sources
In-text Example:
Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo stars Herzog's long-time film partner,
Klaus Kinski. During the shooting of Fitzcarraldo, Herzog and
Kinski were often at odds, but their explosive relationship fostered a
memorable and influential film.
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo. Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag
der Autoren, 1982. Film.
25. Other In-Text Citations 7
Sources from the Internet
In-text Example:
One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is “...a beautiful and
terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism” (Garcia, “Herzog:
a Life”).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Garcia, Elizabeth. “Herzog: a Life.“ Online Film Critics Corner. The
Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May 2002. Web. 8 Jan.
2009.
26. Formatting Short Quotations
In-text Examples:
According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of
personality” (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound
aspects of personality” (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of
personality” (Foulkes 184)?
Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there /
That's all I remember” (11-12).
27. Formatting Long Quotations
In-text Example:
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him
throughout her narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in
their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the
landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the
morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept
to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on
quitting his
chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got
there; I was
obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and
inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)
28. Adding/Omitting Words
In-text Example for Adding Words:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states:
“some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of
learning every rumor or tale” (78).
In-text example for Omitting Words:
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that
“some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor
or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs”
(78).
30. Works Cited Page: Books
Basic Format:
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication:
Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
Examples:
Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York:
Penguin, 1987. Print.
Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to
Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.
Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St.
Martin's, 1997. Print.
---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale:
Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.
31. Works Cited Page: Periodicals
Article in a Magazine Format
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Day Month Year:
pages. Medium of publication.
Example:
Buchman, Dana. “A Special Education.” Good Housekeeping
Mar. 2006: 143-8. Print.
Article in Scholarly Journal Format
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year):
pages. Medium of publication.
Example:
Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television
as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise.” Arizona
Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127- 53. Print.
32. Works Cited Page: Web
Web Source Format:
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.”
Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/
organization
affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update.
Medium of publication. Date of access.
33. Works Cited Page: Web
Examples:
Bernstein, Mark. “10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart:
For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug.
2002. Web. 4 May 2009.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28
Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.
“How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow.com. eHow. n.d. Web. 24 Feb.
2009.
34. Works Cited Page: Other
Personal Interview Example:
Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000.
Speech Example:
Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference. Purdue
University. Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23
2003. Keynote address.
May
35. Works Cited Page: Other
Film Example:
The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin
Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen
Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, 1995.
Film.
36. For More Information
The Purdue OWL
http://owl.english.purdue.edu
Purdue Writing Lab @ HEAV 226
Composition textbooks
MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, 7th ed.
Welcome to “MLA Formatting and Style Guide“. This Power Point Presentation is designed to introduce your students to the basics of MLA Formatting and Style. You might want to supplement the presentation with more detailed information available on the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide“ at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
Designer: Ethan Sproat
Based on slide designs from the OWL “APA Formatting and Style Guide “powerpoint by Jennifer Liethen Kunka and Elena Lawrick.
Contributors: Tony Russell, Alllen Brizee, Jennifer Liethen Kunka, Joe Barbato, Dave Neyhart, Erin E. Karper, Karl Stolley, Kristen Seas, Tony Russell, and Elizabeth Angeli.
This PPT will cover the 2009 updates to MLA, general guidelines, first page format, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page.
There are two main manuals for MLA formatting. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. and MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. The Handbook is used mostly by undergraduate and graduate students when writing papers for class. The Style Manual is used by professionals who are formatting documents in preparation for publication (like journal articles, books, book chapters, etc.). Many formatting elements are the same between the two books. This presentation will mostly focus on MLA formatting and style concerns that affect writing research papers.
MLA style is often used in the following disciplines: humanities, languages, literature, linguistics, philosophy, communication, religion, and others.
MLA format provides writers with a uniform format for document layout and documenting sources. Proper MLA style shows that writers are conscientious of the standards of writing in their respective disciplines. Properly documenting sources also ensures that an author is not plagiarizing.
This slide presents three basic areas regulated by MLA students need to be aware of—document format, in-text citations, and Works Cited. The following slides provide detailed explanations regarding each area.
In Summer 2008, the Modern Language Association released its third edition of the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, which publicly unveiled modifications to MLA Style for the upcoming year. These changes go into effect April 2009 with the release of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th edition). General paper formatting (margins, headings, etc.) and in-text citations will remain the same, but all Works Cited style entries will be different from the 6th edition guidelines. The Purdue OWL will begin listing these changes in all our MLA resources in April 2009. Here are some of the more noteworthy changes:
・No More Underlining! Underlining is no more. MLA now recommends italicizing titles of independently published works (books, periodicals, films, etc).
・No More URLs! While website entries will still include authors, article names, and website names, when available, MLA no longer requires URLs. Writers are, however, encouraged to provide a URL if the citation information does not lead readers to easily find the source.
・Publication Medium. Every entry receives a medium of publication marker. Most entries will be listed as Print or Web, but other possibilities include Performance, DVD, or TV. Most of these markers will appear at the end of entries; however, markers for Web sources are followed by the date of access.
・New Abbreviations. Many web source entries now require a publisher name, a date of publication, and/or page numbers. When no publisher name appears on the website, write N.p. for no publisher given. When sites omit a date of publication, write n.d. for no date. For online journals that appear only online (no print version) or on databases that do not provide pagination, write n. pag. for no pagination.
Many instructors who require their students to use MLA formatting and citation style have small exceptions to different MLA rules. Every bit of instruction and direction given in this presentation comes with this recommendation: ALWAYS follow the specific instructions given by your instructor.
・Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper
・Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). Whatever font you choose, MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are recognizable one from another. The font size should be 12 pt
・Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor).
・Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides
・Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times.
・Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your instructor's guidelines.)
・Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis
・If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page. Entitle the section Notes (centered, unformatted).
・Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested
・In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.
・Double space again and center the title.
Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.
・Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in “After Apple Picking“
・Double space between the title and the first line of the text.
・Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)
・Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested
・In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.
・Double space again and center the title.
Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.
・Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in “After Apple Picking“
・Double space between the title and the first line of the text.
・Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)
Section Headings
Writers sometimes use Section Headings to improve a document’s readability. These sections may include individual chapters or other named parts of a book or essay.
Essays
MLA recommends that when you divide an essay into sections that you number those sections with an Arabic number and a period followed by a space and the section name.
Books
MLA does not have a prescribed system of headings for books. If you are only using one level of headings, meaning that all of the sections are distinct and parallel and have no additional sections that fit within them, MLA recommends that these sections resemble one another grammatically. For instance, if your headings are typically short phrases, make all of the headings short phrases (and not, for example, full sentences). Otherwise, the formatting is up to you. It should, however, be consistent throughout the document.
If you employ multiple levels of headings (some of your sections have sections within sections), you may want to provide a key of your chosen level headings and their formatting to your instructor or editor.
Sample Section Headings
The sample headings on this slide are meant to be used only as a reference. You may employ whatever system of formatting that works best for you so long as it remains consistent throughout the document.
Basic In-Text Citation Rules
In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase.
General Guidelines
・The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the sourceユs entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page.
・Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited list.
In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.
The both citations in the in-text examples on this slide, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the information in the corresponding Works Cited entry also shown on this slide. Reduce font size on slide to allow breathing room and space. Also, use a different font for the sample text so instructions look different from the excerpt.
In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author
For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation. These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry in the Works Cited (as noted in the corresponding Works Cited entry on this slide). See comments from previous slide.
And this is how the Works Cited listing should look.
In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number.
In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title of the article appears in the parenthetical citation which corresponds to the full name of the article which appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. See comments from previous slide.
And this is how the Works Cited listing should look.
Author-Page Citation for Classic and Literary Works with Multiple Editions
Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work like Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto (as illustrated in the first example on this slide). In such cases, give the page number of your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.).
Citing Authors with Same Last Names
Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Citing a Work by Multiple Authors
For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation. For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names.
Citing Multiple Works by the Same Author
If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. This is illustrated in the first example on this slide. Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, you would format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, followed, when appropriate, by page numbers. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Citing Multivolume Works
If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.) This is illustrated in the first example on this slide.
Citing the BibleIn your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using (and underline or italicize the title), as each version varies in its translation, followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter and verse. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide. If future references employ the same edition of the Bible youユre using, list only the book, chapter, and verse in the parenthetical citation.
Citing Indirect Sources
Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use “qtd. in“ to indicate the source you actually consulted. This is illustrated in the first example on this slide. Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source.
Multiple Citations
To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for non-print sources (such as films or presentations) because of the absence of page numbers, but often, these sorts of entries do not require any sort of parenthetical citation at all. Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name, etc.). In the example on this slide “Herzog“ from the in-text example lead readers to the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.
Sources from the Internet
With more and more scholarly work being posted on the Internet, you may have to cite research you have completed in virtual environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work (reference the OWL's Evaluating Sources of Information resource located here: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/553/01/), some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source in your Works Cited.
Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers, but often, these sorts of entries do not require any sort of parenthetical citation at all. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:
・Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name).
・You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browserユs print preview function.
・Unless you must list the website name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.
Short Quotations
To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Provide the author and specific page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the text, and include a complete reference on the Works Cited page. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text. This is all illustrated in the first three examples on this slide.
Mark breaks in short quotations of verse with a slash, /, at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow the slash). This is illustrated in the last example on this slide.
Long Quotations
For quotations that are four or more lines of verse or prose: place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin; maintain double-spacing. Only indent the first line of the quotation by a half inch if you are citing multiple paragraphs. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.)
Adding or Omitting Words In Quotations
If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text. This is illustrated in the first example on this slide.
If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods ( . . . ) preceded and followed by a space. Please note that brackets are not needed around ellipses unless adding brackets would clarify your use of ellipses. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Basic Rules
・Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper.
・Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page.
・Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.
・Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces so that you create a hanging indent.
・List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as 225-50.
Additional Basic Rules New to MLA 2009
・For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Most entries will likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CD-ROM, or DVD.
・Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your instructor or publisher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. For long URLs, break lines only at slashes.
・If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. You do not need to provide subscription information in addition to the database name.Capitalization and Punctuation
・Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle
・New to MLA 2009: Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)
Listing Author Names
Entries are listed by author name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name.
Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named “John Bigbrain, PhD“ appears simply as “Bigbrain, John“; do, however, include suffixes like “Jr.“ or “II.“ Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as “King, Martin Luther, Jr.,“ with the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma.
More than One Work by an Author
If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every entry after the first.
Work with No Known Author
Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citations in your paper.
Works Cited Page: Books
When you are gathering book sources, be sure to make note of the following bibliographic items: author name(s), book title, publication date, publisher, place of publication. The medium of publication for all “hard copy“ books is Print.
Book with More Than One Author
The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format. If there are more than three authors, you may choose to list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others“) in place of the subsequent authors' names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. (Note that there is a period after “al“ in “et al.“ Also note that there is never a period after the “et“ in “et al.“).
Two or More Books by the Same Author
List works alphabetically by title. (Remember to ignore articles like A, An, and The.) Provide the authorユs name in last name, first name format for the first entry only. For each subsequent entry by the same author, use three hyphens and a period.
There are many other possible factors that may arise when citing books. For a more complete list of rules and examples see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited Page: Books“ at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/.
Article in a Magazine
Cite by listing the article's author, putting the title of the article in quotations marks, and italicizing the periodical title. Follow with the date of publication. Remember to abbreviate the month. Please note the first example on this slide.
An Article in a Scholarly Journal
In previous years, MLA required that researchers determine whether or not a scholarly journal employed continuous pagination (page numbers began at page one in the first issue of the years and page numbers took up where they left off in subsequent ones) or non-continuous pagination (page numbers begin at page one in every subsequent issue) in order to determine whether or not to include issue numbers in bibliographic entries. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th edition (2009) eliminates this step. Always provide issue numbers, when available. Please note the second example on this slide.
There are many other types of periodical publication. For a more thorough list of examples, please see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited: Periodicals“ at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/07/
Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)
MLA lists electronic sources as Web Publications. Thus, when including the medium of publication for electronic sources, list the medium as Web.
Citing an Entire Web Site
It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available on one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete address for the site. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if not publishing date is given.
It is always a good idea to maintain personal copies of electronic information, when possible. It is good practice to print or save Web pages or, better, using a program like Adobe Acrobat, to keep your own copies for future reference. Most Web browsers will include URL/electronic address information when you print, which makes later reference easy. Also, you might use the Bookmark function in your Web browser in order to return to documents more easily.
Important Note on the Use of URLs in MLA
MLA no longer requires the use of URLs in MLA citations. Because Web addresses are not static (i.e. they change often) and because documents sometimes appear in multiple places on the Web (e.g. on multiple databases), MLA explains that most readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in Internet Search Engines.
For instructors or editors that still wish to require the use of URLs, MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLs only after slashes. See previous slide comment.
There are many other possible kinds of sources that can be cited from the Internet. For a more thorough list of examples, see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)“ at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/
And here are some examples.
Works Cited Page: Other Common Sources
An Interview
Personal interviews refer to those interviews that you conduct yourself. List the interview by the name of the interviewee. Include the descriptor Personal interview and the date of the interview.
Speeches, Lectures, or Other Oral Presentations (including Conference Presentations)
Provide the speaker’s name. Then, give the title of the speech (if any) in quotation marks. Follow with the name of the meeting and organization, the location of the occasion, and the date. Use the descriptor that appropriately expresses the type of presentation (e.g. Address, Lecture, Reading, Keynote speech, Guest Lecture). Remember to use the abbreviation n.p. if the publisher is not known; use n.d. if the date is not known.
Films or Movies
List films (in theaters or not yet on DVD or video) by their title. Include the name of the director (after the abbreviation “Dir.“), the film studio or distributor, and the release year. If relevant, list performer names after the director’s name. Use the abbreviation perf. to head the list. List film as the medium of publication.
There are other common types of sources which include broadcast television or radio programs, recorded films or movies, recorded television episodes, sound recordings, spoken word albums, digital files (PDFs, MP3s, JPEGs), paintings, sculptures, photographs, published conference processdings, and others. For a more thorough list of different kinds of commonly referenced sources, see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited: Other Common Sources“ at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/09/ Insert “For more information“ slide after this one. You can download that slide from posted OWL PPTs.
Here is a film example.
Designer: Ethan Sproat
Based on slide designs from the OWL “APA Formatting and Style Guide “powerpoint by Jennifer Liethen Kunka.
Contributors: Tony Russell, Alllen Brizee, Jennifer Liethen Kunka, Joe Barbato, Dave Neyhart, Erin E. Karper, Karl Stolley, Kristen Seas, Tony Russell, and Elizabeth Angeli.