This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including page layout, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. The document covers topics such as using a header, setting margins, indenting paragraphs, and properly citing different source types such as books, articles, web pages, and more.
This document provides an overview of MLA 7th edition formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general MLA guidelines for document formatting, in-text citations, and Works Cited pages. Specific topics covered include changes in the 2009 MLA update, formatting the first page, section headings, author-page citations, print and web sources, incorporating quotations, and constructing a Works Cited list. The presentation aims to explain the core elements of MLA style to help writers properly format academic papers.
This document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including the 7th edition updates. It discusses general MLA guidelines for document format, in-text citations, and Works Cited pages. Specific formatting guidelines are provided for the first page, section headings, short and long quotations, and sample Works Cited entries for various source types like books, articles, and websites. The document is intended as a reference for students on applying MLA standards.
The document discusses plagiarism, paraphrasing sources, and using the literary present tense when writing about fiction. It defines plagiarism and explains what needs and does not need to be cited. Guidelines are provided for properly paraphrasing sources rather than copying directly. Examples show correct and incorrect paraphrasing. The document also discusses using the present tense when analyzing fictional events and works, while using past tense for historical facts and events. MLA citation format and conventions are outlined.
This presentation provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the key changes from previous editions, including no longer underlining titles and including publication medium. The presentation covers general MLA guidelines, how to format the first page, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page. It provides examples for each of these elements and discusses citing various source types like books, periodicals, websites, and other media.
This document provides an overview of the 2009 MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including document formatting, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. Key changes in the 2009 update are also summarized, such as using italics instead of underlining and including the publication medium in citations.
This document provides guidance on using MLA citation style. It explains when and how to cite sources, including direct quotes, paraphrased information, and ideas not generally known. Sample citations are given for a book with one author and an essay in an edited book. The document also reviews formatting for the works cited page, listing references alphabetically by author's last name. Resources for additional help with MLA style are listed.
This document provides an overview of MLA 7th edition formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general MLA guidelines for document formatting, in-text citations, and Works Cited pages. Specific topics covered include changes in the 2009 MLA update, formatting the first page, section headings, author-page citations, print and web sources, incorporating quotations, and constructing a Works Cited list. The presentation aims to explain the core elements of MLA style to help writers properly format academic papers.
This document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including the 7th edition updates. It discusses general MLA guidelines for document format, in-text citations, and Works Cited pages. Specific formatting guidelines are provided for the first page, section headings, short and long quotations, and sample Works Cited entries for various source types like books, articles, and websites. The document is intended as a reference for students on applying MLA standards.
The document discusses plagiarism, paraphrasing sources, and using the literary present tense when writing about fiction. It defines plagiarism and explains what needs and does not need to be cited. Guidelines are provided for properly paraphrasing sources rather than copying directly. Examples show correct and incorrect paraphrasing. The document also discusses using the present tense when analyzing fictional events and works, while using past tense for historical facts and events. MLA citation format and conventions are outlined.
This presentation provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the key changes from previous editions, including no longer underlining titles and including publication medium. The presentation covers general MLA guidelines, how to format the first page, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page. It provides examples for each of these elements and discusses citing various source types like books, periodicals, websites, and other media.
This document provides an overview of the 2009 MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including document formatting, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. Key changes in the 2009 update are also summarized, such as using italics instead of underlining and including the publication medium in citations.
This document provides guidance on using MLA citation style. It explains when and how to cite sources, including direct quotes, paraphrased information, and ideas not generally known. Sample citations are given for a book with one author and an essay in an edited book. The document also reviews formatting for the works cited page, listing references alphabetically by author's last name. Resources for additional help with MLA style are listed.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses the 2009 updates to MLA including removing underlining and adding publication medium details. General formatting guidelines are outlined such as using 12pt Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1 inch margins. Details are provided for formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quotations, and the works cited page. Examples are given for various source types like books, articles, and websites.
This document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including the following key points:
- The 2009 MLA update removed underlining and added publication medium to citations.
- Papers should be double-spaced with 1-inch margins and include the author's name, instructor, course, and date on the first page.
- In-text citations require the author's last name and page number in parentheses.
- The Works Cited page lists all sources alphabetically by author's last name in a hanging indent format.
- Short quotes are incorporated into the text and long quotes are indented in a block format.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and inserting a header with the author's last name and page number. The document also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, quoting sources, and creating a Works Cited list in MLA style. Additionally, it addresses citing different source types such as books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials. The presentation aims to cover all aspects of writing and citing sources for a paper using MLA eighth edition style.
This document provides an overview of the 2009 MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including document formatting, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. Key changes in the 2009 update are also summarized, such as no longer underlining titles and including publication medium in citations.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general paper format, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and Works Cited page. Key points include double-spacing the document, using a 12 point Times New Roman font, and providing parenthetical citations to correspond with sources listed on the Works Cited page.
This document summarizes a library instruction session on plagiarism and APA citation style. The session covered defining plagiarism, discussing when citations are needed, demonstrating in-text citations and reference list entries for different source types like books and journal articles, and provided examples and practice exercises. Students were instructed to complete a plagiarism worksheet and feedback form to assess their understanding of citing sources and avoiding plagiarism. Contact information was provided for the librarian instructor for any additional questions.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses following the instructor's guidelines as the top priority. It then covers MLA specifications for document format, in-text citations, works cited pages, and examples of citing different source types like books, articles, websites and more. Formatting guidelines include setting margins, spacing, font, and structuring title pages, headers and citations within the text and in a works cited list.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation style guidelines for documenting sources in research papers according to the MLA Handbook 7th edition. It covers citing various publication types, including periodical articles, books, web publications, and other common sources. For each publication type, it lists the core elements that must be included in a citation, such as author name, title, publication details. It also provides examples of formatted citations for different sources like books, journal articles, and webpages.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general guidelines for MLA style papers including formatting of title pages, in-text citations, formatting quotations, section headings, and Works Cited pages. Key changes to MLA style in the 7th edition include no longer underlining titles and including the publication medium in citations. The document provides numerous examples and samples of how to format different aspects of a paper in MLA style.
This document provides guidance on citing sources using MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses citing various types of sources like books, journal articles, websites, films and more. Key information covered includes providing author names, titles, publication dates, and medium of publication. The document emphasizes collecting full information for sources and prioritizing downloading materials over citing online-only content.
This document provides examples of how words can function as different parts of speech depending on their meaning and use in a sentence. Specifically, it discusses how the same word can be used as both a noun and an adjective, or as both a noun and a verb. Determining a word's part of speech depends on the sense in which it is used rather than the word itself. The document then provides examples of words functioning as both nouns and adjectives, and nouns and verbs, to illustrate this concept of words having multiple grammatical functions.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper according to MLA style. It discusses general guidelines like double spacing, font size, and margins. It also covers specific MLA formatting for things like the header, heading, quotes, and citations. Examples are provided for short quotes, long quotes, poetry quotes, and setting up a works cited page. The document also briefly compares MLA style to APA style and includes a mini quiz to test understanding.
This document provides an agenda for an EWRT 211 class. It includes discussions on frequently misused words, essay #2 topics, thesis statements, and character analysis using Harry Potter. Students choose a character trait and analyze how it reflects and affects a character in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Examples of proper appositive phrases are provided. Homework includes continuing to research the chosen trait using additional sources and passages from the novel, and drafting an outline including a thesis and three body paragraphs analyzing the trait's demonstration in a character.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general rules for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and adding a header with the page number. It also covers how to format the first page and includes a sample. Additionally, it explains how to format in-text citations for various source types and construct a Works Cited page, using examples for books, websites, and other sources. The goal is to teach writers how to properly cite sources and construct a bibliography according to MLA style.
This document provides guidance on citing various types of print and electronic resources using Chicago Turabian style. It addresses citing books with different numbers of authors, edited books, chapters in edited books, and provides examples of citations in both endnote and bibliography formats. The document is an online tutorial developed by the Writing Service and Library Resource Centre at Conestoga College in 2010.
This document contains the agenda and notes for an EWRT 211 class. It discusses vocabulary words, in-text citations, word choice and avoiding vague words like "thing." It introduces an essay assignment on analyzing a character trait portrayed in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Students are asked to define a trait, explain its importance, and analyze how it affects a character. The traits discussed are bravery, chivalry, dedication, loyalty, intelligence, creativity, ambition and pride as related to the Hogwarts houses. The class covers using dictionary and encyclopedia sources to define traits and includes an in-class writing exercise to define and describe a chosen trait. Homework includes reading chapters of Harry Potter and researching
This document provides guidelines for citing sources using the American Sociological Association (ASA) Style Guide. It outlines formats for citing different types of sources like books, journal articles, magazines, newspapers, websites, and reports in both in-text citations and reference lists. General guidelines include using parenthetical references in the text that include the author's last name and year of publication, and sometimes page numbers. The reference list includes more detailed publication information for each cited source arranged alphabetically by author's last name.
This document contains the agenda and notes for an EWRT 211 class. The class will focus on essay writing, specifically introducing character traits and analyzing their portrayal in characters from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Students will define a character trait, support it with sources, and analyze how it is demonstrated by a character. The class will discuss introduction components like defining the trait, distinguishing versions of it, and including a thesis. Students will then practice writing body paragraphs using the P-I-E-I-E-T structure and tying illustrations to their point and thesis. Homework includes reading a chapter, posting vocabulary, and sharing draft thesis/body paragraphs for feedback.
Useful suggestions and guidelines for writing papers in the humanities. This series is a supplement for lecture and discussion in the college classroom. While this presentation is primarily intended for writing research and other general topic papers in literature, cultural studies, history, and other disciplines within the humanities, the concepts it addresses may also be useful for writers from other disciplines.
harvard format of bibiliograph-
introduction-“Harvard Style” is a generic term for any referencing style which uses in-text references such as (Smith, 1999) and a reference list at the end of the document organised by author name and year of publication.
Two types of citations are included:
In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source.
Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:
"After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe…" (Fitzgerald, 2004).
Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the assignment.
Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.
HARVARD REFERENCE LIST CITATIONS FOR BOOKS WITH ONE AUTHOR
The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books with one author includes the following:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page(s).
If the edition isn’t listed, it is safe to assume that it is the first addition, and does not need to be included in the citation.
The document summarizes MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including changes introduced in the 2009 update. It provides guidance on document formatting, in-text citations, and formatting the works cited page for various source types such as books, articles, web pages, and other media. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, proper header formatting, parenthetical citations, and listing works cited in alphabetical order by author's last name.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It covers the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and adding a header with the author's last name and page number. In-text citations and Works Cited entries are also explained, including formats for citing books, articles, websites and other sources. Specific guidelines are provided for quoting and citing sources in the text as well as formatting the Works Cited page according to MLA style.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses the 2009 updates to MLA including removing underlining and adding publication medium details. General formatting guidelines are outlined such as using 12pt Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1 inch margins. Details are provided for formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quotations, and the works cited page. Examples are given for various source types like books, articles, and websites.
This document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including the following key points:
- The 2009 MLA update removed underlining and added publication medium to citations.
- Papers should be double-spaced with 1-inch margins and include the author's name, instructor, course, and date on the first page.
- In-text citations require the author's last name and page number in parentheses.
- The Works Cited page lists all sources alphabetically by author's last name in a hanging indent format.
- Short quotes are incorporated into the text and long quotes are indented in a block format.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and inserting a header with the author's last name and page number. The document also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, quoting sources, and creating a Works Cited list in MLA style. Additionally, it addresses citing different source types such as books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials. The presentation aims to cover all aspects of writing and citing sources for a paper using MLA eighth edition style.
This document provides an overview of the 2009 MLA formatting and style guide. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including document formatting, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page. Key changes in the 2009 update are also summarized, such as no longer underlining titles and including publication medium in citations.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general paper format, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and Works Cited page. Key points include double-spacing the document, using a 12 point Times New Roman font, and providing parenthetical citations to correspond with sources listed on the Works Cited page.
This document summarizes a library instruction session on plagiarism and APA citation style. The session covered defining plagiarism, discussing when citations are needed, demonstrating in-text citations and reference list entries for different source types like books and journal articles, and provided examples and practice exercises. Students were instructed to complete a plagiarism worksheet and feedback form to assess their understanding of citing sources and avoiding plagiarism. Contact information was provided for the librarian instructor for any additional questions.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses following the instructor's guidelines as the top priority. It then covers MLA specifications for document format, in-text citations, works cited pages, and examples of citing different source types like books, articles, websites and more. Formatting guidelines include setting margins, spacing, font, and structuring title pages, headers and citations within the text and in a works cited list.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation style guidelines for documenting sources in research papers according to the MLA Handbook 7th edition. It covers citing various publication types, including periodical articles, books, web publications, and other common sources. For each publication type, it lists the core elements that must be included in a citation, such as author name, title, publication details. It also provides examples of formatted citations for different sources like books, journal articles, and webpages.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the general guidelines for MLA style papers including formatting of title pages, in-text citations, formatting quotations, section headings, and Works Cited pages. Key changes to MLA style in the 7th edition include no longer underlining titles and including the publication medium in citations. The document provides numerous examples and samples of how to format different aspects of a paper in MLA style.
This document provides guidance on citing sources using MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses citing various types of sources like books, journal articles, websites, films and more. Key information covered includes providing author names, titles, publication dates, and medium of publication. The document emphasizes collecting full information for sources and prioritizing downloading materials over citing online-only content.
This document provides examples of how words can function as different parts of speech depending on their meaning and use in a sentence. Specifically, it discusses how the same word can be used as both a noun and an adjective, or as both a noun and a verb. Determining a word's part of speech depends on the sense in which it is used rather than the word itself. The document then provides examples of words functioning as both nouns and adjectives, and nouns and verbs, to illustrate this concept of words having multiple grammatical functions.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper according to MLA style. It discusses general guidelines like double spacing, font size, and margins. It also covers specific MLA formatting for things like the header, heading, quotes, and citations. Examples are provided for short quotes, long quotes, poetry quotes, and setting up a works cited page. The document also briefly compares MLA style to APA style and includes a mini quiz to test understanding.
This document provides an agenda for an EWRT 211 class. It includes discussions on frequently misused words, essay #2 topics, thesis statements, and character analysis using Harry Potter. Students choose a character trait and analyze how it reflects and affects a character in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Examples of proper appositive phrases are provided. Homework includes continuing to research the chosen trait using additional sources and passages from the novel, and drafting an outline including a thesis and three body paragraphs analyzing the trait's demonstration in a character.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general rules for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and adding a header with the page number. It also covers how to format the first page and includes a sample. Additionally, it explains how to format in-text citations for various source types and construct a Works Cited page, using examples for books, websites, and other sources. The goal is to teach writers how to properly cite sources and construct a bibliography according to MLA style.
This document provides guidance on citing various types of print and electronic resources using Chicago Turabian style. It addresses citing books with different numbers of authors, edited books, chapters in edited books, and provides examples of citations in both endnote and bibliography formats. The document is an online tutorial developed by the Writing Service and Library Resource Centre at Conestoga College in 2010.
This document contains the agenda and notes for an EWRT 211 class. It discusses vocabulary words, in-text citations, word choice and avoiding vague words like "thing." It introduces an essay assignment on analyzing a character trait portrayed in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Students are asked to define a trait, explain its importance, and analyze how it affects a character. The traits discussed are bravery, chivalry, dedication, loyalty, intelligence, creativity, ambition and pride as related to the Hogwarts houses. The class covers using dictionary and encyclopedia sources to define traits and includes an in-class writing exercise to define and describe a chosen trait. Homework includes reading chapters of Harry Potter and researching
This document provides guidelines for citing sources using the American Sociological Association (ASA) Style Guide. It outlines formats for citing different types of sources like books, journal articles, magazines, newspapers, websites, and reports in both in-text citations and reference lists. General guidelines include using parenthetical references in the text that include the author's last name and year of publication, and sometimes page numbers. The reference list includes more detailed publication information for each cited source arranged alphabetically by author's last name.
This document contains the agenda and notes for an EWRT 211 class. The class will focus on essay writing, specifically introducing character traits and analyzing their portrayal in characters from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Students will define a character trait, support it with sources, and analyze how it is demonstrated by a character. The class will discuss introduction components like defining the trait, distinguishing versions of it, and including a thesis. Students will then practice writing body paragraphs using the P-I-E-I-E-T structure and tying illustrations to their point and thesis. Homework includes reading a chapter, posting vocabulary, and sharing draft thesis/body paragraphs for feedback.
Useful suggestions and guidelines for writing papers in the humanities. This series is a supplement for lecture and discussion in the college classroom. While this presentation is primarily intended for writing research and other general topic papers in literature, cultural studies, history, and other disciplines within the humanities, the concepts it addresses may also be useful for writers from other disciplines.
harvard format of bibiliograph-
introduction-“Harvard Style” is a generic term for any referencing style which uses in-text references such as (Smith, 1999) and a reference list at the end of the document organised by author name and year of publication.
Two types of citations are included:
In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source.
Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:
"After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe…" (Fitzgerald, 2004).
Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the assignment.
Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.
HARVARD REFERENCE LIST CITATIONS FOR BOOKS WITH ONE AUTHOR
The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books with one author includes the following:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page(s).
If the edition isn’t listed, it is safe to assume that it is the first addition, and does not need to be included in the citation.
The document summarizes MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including changes introduced in the 2009 update. It provides guidance on document formatting, in-text citations, and formatting the works cited page for various source types such as books, articles, web pages, and other media. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, proper header formatting, parenthetical citations, and listing works cited in alphabetical order by author's last name.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It covers the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and adding a header with the author's last name and page number. In-text citations and Works Cited entries are also explained, including formats for citing books, articles, websites and other sources. Specific guidelines are provided for quoting and citing sources in the text as well as formatting the Works Cited page according to MLA style.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It covers 2009 updates to MLA, general formatting guidelines including font, margins, headings, and page headers. It also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page including entries for different source types like books, articles, web pages, and more. The document aims to instruct readers on all aspects of MLA formatting and citation.
This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including: formatting papers with 1 inch margins, double spacing, and header with author's last name and page number; using parenthetical citations with author's last name and page number or short title; and formatting the Works Cited page alphabetically by author's last name. MLA style regulates formatting, in-text citations, and bibliographies to give credit to sources and allow readers to find them.
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide Purdue OWL StafIlonaThornburg83
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL Staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab
MLA (Modern Language
Association) Style formatting is
often used in various humanities
disciplines.
In addition to the handbook, MLA
also offers The MLA Style Center, a
website that provides additional
instruction and resources for
writing and formatting academic
papers. https://style.mla.org/
What is MLA?
MLA regulates:
• document format
• in-text citations
• works-cited list
What does MLA
regulate?
The 8th edition handbook introduces a new way to cite
sources. Instead of a long list of rules, MLA guidelines
are now based on a set of principles that may be used
to cite any type of source.
The three guiding principles:
1. Cite simple traits shared by most works.
2. Remember that there is more than one way to cite
the same source.
3. Make your documentation useful to readers.
MLA Update 2016
This presentation will cover:
• How to format a paper in MLA style (8th ed.)
• General guidelines
• First page format
• Section headings
• In-text citations
• Formatting quotations
• Documenting sources in MLA style (8th ed.)
• Core elements
• List of works cited
Overview
Basic rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
Your Instructor Knows
Best
An MLA Style paper should:
• Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
• Double-space everything
• Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font
• Leave only one space after punctuation
• Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
• Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
Format: General
Guidelines
An MLA Style paper should:
• Have a header with page numbers located in the
upper right-hand corner
• Use italics for titles
• Place endnotes on a separate page before the list of
works cited
Format: General
Guidelines (cont.)
The first page of an MLA Style paper will:
• Have no title page
• Double space everything
• List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the
upper left-hand corner
• Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics,
quote marks, or bold typeface)
• Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top
and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page
number here)
Formatting the 1st Page
Sample 1st Page
Section Headings are generally optional:
• Headings in an essay should usually be numbered
• Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting but, otherwise, are up to you
Formatting Section
Headings
OR
Numbered (all flush left with no
underlining, bold, or italics):
Example:
1. Soil Conservation
1.1 Erosion
1.2 Terracing
2. Water Conservation
3. Energy Conservation
Unnumbered (by level):
Example:
Level 1: bold, flush left
Level 2: ita ...
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style. It addresses formatting for font, margins, indentation, page headers, title pages, and section headings. It also covers in-text citations including author-page citations, works with no known author, works with multiple authors or editions, and quoting sources. The guidelines conclude with information on formatting reference list entries, including core elements like author, title, publisher, and date.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- General guidelines for formatting papers, such as setting margins, font, line spacing, etc.
- Guidelines for formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quotations, and works cited pages.
- Examples of citing various sources like books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials in both in-text citations and works cited entries.
- Key changes in the 7th edition of MLA from 2009, such as no longer underlining and including publication medium.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting margins, font, spacing, and headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting, and works cited pages. The document provides examples for each of these elements of MLA style.
The document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA 7th edition style, including setting one inch margins, double spacing, and providing a header with the author's last name and page number. It also describes when and how to cite sources within the text of the paper using parenthetical citations, and provides examples of citing different source types like books, websites, and journal articles. Formatting rules are given for both in-text citations and the Works Cited page that concludes an MLA style paper.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting academic papers using MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and 12 point Times New Roman font. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting guidelines, and constructing a Works Cited list according to MLA style. The document is intended as a reference for students on how to properly format and cite sources in MLA format.
This document provides a tutorial on how to cite sources using MLA style. It discusses what MLA style is, why citations are important, when citations are needed, how to cite within the text and create a Works Cited page. The tutorial covers citing print sources, electronic sources, and media sources. It provides examples of in-text citations and references for different types of sources like books, articles, and websites.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a research paper using MLA style. It specifies the paper size, margins, font, spacing, and placement of the header, page numbers, and title. Tables and illustrations should be placed near the relevant text and labeled. In-text citations use the author-page style and Works Cited entries are formatted based on the source type, such as books, periodicals, web pages, interviews, speeches, and films. Short quotes are incorporated into sentences while long quotes are indented without quotation marks.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic components of MLA style such as document formatting, in-text citations, and works cited entries. Key points include that MLA style is often used in the humanities, regulates document format, citations, and bibliographies, and was updated in 2016. The document then provides detailed guidelines on general formatting, first page formatting, section headings, quoting, paraphrasing, and constructing a works cited list according to the 8th edition of MLA style.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basic components of MLA formatting such as setting up the first page, using in-text citations, formatting quotations, and creating a list of works cited. Key aspects covered include double-spacing, 12 point Times New Roman font, 1 inch margins, providing author-page citations in parentheses, and structuring bibliographic entries in a specific order. The document is intended as a reference for students on how to properly cite sources and format academic papers according to MLA style.
This document outlines information presented in a session about plagiarism and APA style. It discusses what plagiarism is and how to properly cite sources using APA style, both in-text citations and references. Examples are provided for how to cite different source types like websites, books, and journal articles in APA format. Attendees are directed to complete a plagiarism worksheet and feedback form for the library session. Contact information is provided for the presenter for any additional questions.
This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- MLA style regulates document formatting, in-text citations, and reference lists. It specifies guidelines for font, spacing, margins, headings, and titles.
- Sources must be cited in the text and listed in a references page whenever using others' ideas and words, whether quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing.
- Citation formats are provided for different source types like books, articles, reviews, and websites. Book citations include author, title, publisher, year. Article citations include author, title, journal, date, page range.
- Guidelines cover citing multiple works by the same
This document provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting style. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting sources, and constructing a Works Cited page. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate proper citation of various source types in both the text and reference list. Assistance for MLA style questions can be found through the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
This document provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting style. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting sources, and constructing a Works Cited page. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate proper citation of various source types in both the text and reference list. Assistance for MLA style questions can be found through the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
The document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines, outlining the core elements for formatting academic papers, in-text citations, and works cited entries according to the 8th edition of MLA style. It covers general paper formatting, in-text citations, quoting guidelines, and constructing a works cited list, providing examples for different source types. MLA style is commonly used in the humanities and provides rules for formatting papers and citing sources in scholarly work.
12. Author-Page Style In-text Example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads . London: Oxford U.P., 1967. Print.
13. Print Source with Author In-text Example: Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).
14. Print Source with Author Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method . Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print.
15. With Unknown Author In-text Example: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “ more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . .” ( “ Impact of Global Warming ” 6).
16. With Unknown Author Corresponding Works Cited Entry: “ The Impact of Global Warming in North America. ” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs . 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.
17. Other In-Text Citations 1 Classic & Literary Works with Multiple Editions In-text Example: Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class struggles (79; ch. 1). Authors with Same Last Names In-text Example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
18. Other In-Text Citations 2 Work by Multiple Authors In-text Examples: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76). Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).
19. Other In-Text Citations 3 Multiple Works by the Same Author In-text Examples: Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development" 17). Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be "too easy" (Elkins, "Visual Studies" 63).
20. Other In-Text Citations 4 Citing Multivolume Works In-text Example: . . . as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14-17). Citing the Bible In-text Example: Ezekiel saw "what seemed to be four living creatures," each with faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle ( New Jerusalem Bible , Ezek. 1.5-10).
21. Other In-Text Citations 5 Citing Indirect Sources In-text Example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259). Multiple Citations In-text Example: . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
22. Other In-Text Citations 6 Miscellaneous Non-Print Sources In-text Example: Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo stars Herzog's long-time film partner, Klaus Kinski. During the shooting of Fitzcarraldo , Herzog and Kinski were often at odds, but their explosive relationship fostered a memorable and influential film. Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo . Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, 1982. Film.
23. Other In-Text Citations 7 Sources from the Internet In-text Example: One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is "...a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism" (Garcia, “ Herzog: a Life ” ). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Garcia, Elizabeth. "Herzog: a Life." Online Film Critics Corner . The Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May 2002. Web. 8 Jan. 2009.
24. Formatting Short Quotations In-text Examples: According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree. According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184). Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)? Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there / That's all I remember" (11-12).
25. Formatting Long Quotations In-text Example: Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)
26. Adding/Omitting Words In-text Example for Adding Words: Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78). In-text example for Omitting Words: In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).
28. Works Cited Page: Books Basic Format: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book . Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Examples: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science . New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring . Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print. Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism . New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Print. ---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History . Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.
29. Works Cited Page: Periodicals Article in a Magazine Format: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Example: Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-8. Print. Article in Scholarly Journal Format: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. Example: Duvall, John N. "The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise." Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127- 53. Print.
30. Works Cited Page: Web Web Source Format: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of Site . Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access.
31. Works Cited Page: Web Examples: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites . A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory . Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com . eHow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.
32. Works Cited Page: Other Personal Interview Example: Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000. Speech Example: Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference . Purdue University. Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23 May 2003. Keynote address.
33. Works Cited Page: Other Film Example: The Usual Suspects . Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, 1995. Film.
Editor's Notes
Welcome to “MLA Formatting and Style Guide”. This Power Point Presentation is designed to introduce your students to the basics of MLA Formatting and Style. You might want to supplement the presentation with more detailed information available on the OWL’s “ MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide ” at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ Designer: Ethan Sproat Based on slide designs from the OWL “APA Formatting and Style Guide “powerpoint by Jennifer Liethen Kunka and Elena Lawrick. Contributors: Tony Russell, Alllen Brizee, Jennifer Liethen Kunka, Joe Barbato, Dave Neyhart, Erin E. Karper, Karl Stolley, Kristen Seas, Tony Russell, and Elizabeth Angeli.
This PPT will cover the 2009 updates to MLA, general guidelines, first page format, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page.
There are two main manuals for MLA formatting. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. and MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. The Handbook is used mostly by undergraduate and graduate students when writing papers for class. The Style Manual is used by professionals who are formatting documents in preparation for publication (like journal articles, books, book chapters, etc.). Many formatting elements are the same between the two books. This presentation will mostly focus on MLA formatting and style concerns that affect writing research papers. MLA style is often used in the following disciplines: Humanties, languages, Literature, Linguistics, Philosophy, Communication, Religion, and others. MLA format provides writers with a uniform format for document layout and documenting sources. Proper MLA style shows that writers are conscientious of the standards of writing in their respective disciplines. Properly documenting sources also ensures that an author is not plagiarizing.
This slide presents three basic areas regulated by MLA students need to be aware of—document format, in-text citations, and Works Cited. The following slides provide detailed explanations regarding each area.
In Summer 2008, the Modern Language Association released its third edition of the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, which publicly unveiled modifications to MLA Style for the upcoming year. These changes go into effect April 2009 with the release of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th edition). General paper formatting (margins, headings, etc.) and in-text citations will remain the same, but all Works Cited style entries will be different from the 6th edition guidelines. The Purdue OWL will begin listing these changes in all our MLA resources in April 2009. Here are some of the more noteworthy changes: ・ No More Underlining! Underlining is no more. MLA now recommends italicizing titles of independently published works (books, periodicals, films, etc). ・ No More URLs! While website entries will still include authors, article names, and website names, when available, MLA no longer requires URLs. Writers are, however, encouraged to provide a URL if the citation information does not lead readers to easily find the source. ・ Publication Medium. Every entry receives a medium of publication marker. Most entries will be listed as Print or Web, but other possibilities include Performance, DVD, or TV. Most of these markers will appear at the end of entries; however, markers for Web sources are followed by the date of access. ・ New Abbreviations. Many web source entries now require a publisher name, a date of publication, and/or page numbers. When no publisher name appears on the website, write N.p. for no publisher given. When sites omit a date of publication, write n.d. for no date. For online journals that appear only online (no print version) or on databases that do not provide pagination, write n. pag. for no pagination.
Many instructors who require their students to use MLA formatting and citation style have small exceptions to different MLA rules. Every bit of instruction and direction given in this presentation comes with this recommendation: ALWAYS follow the specific instructions given by your instructor.
・ Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper ・ Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). Whatever font you choose, MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are recognizable one from another. The font size should be 12 pt ・ Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor). ・ Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides ・ Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times.
・ Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your instructor's guidelines.) ・ Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis ・ If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page. Entitle the section Notes (centered, unformatted).
・ Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested ・ In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. ・ Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. ・ Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking” ・ Double space between the title and the first line of the text. ・ Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)
・ Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested ・ In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. ・ Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. ・ Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking” ・ Double space between the title and the first line of the text. ・ Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)
Basic In-Text Citation Rules In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. General Guidelines ・ The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the source ユ s entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page. ・ Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited list.
In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. The both citations in the in-text examples on this slide, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the information in the corresponding Works Cited entry also shown on this slide. Reduce font size on slide to allow breathing room and space. Also, use a different font for the sample text so instructions look different from the excerpt.
In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation. These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry in the Works Cited (as noted in the corresponding Works Cited entry on this slide). See comments from previous slide.
And this is how the Works Cited listing should look.
In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number. In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title of the article appears in the parenthetical citation which corresponds to the full name of the article which appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. See comments from previous slide.
And this is how the Works Cited listing should look.
Author-Page Citation for Classic and Literary Works with Multiple Editions Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work like Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto (as illustrated in the first example on this slide) . In such cases, give the page number of your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.). Citing Authors with Same Last Names Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Citing a Work by Multiple Authors For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation. For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names.
Citing Multiple Works by the Same Author If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. This is illustrated in the first example on this slide. Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, you would format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, followed, when appropriate, by page numbers. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Citing Multivolume Works If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.) This is illustrated in the first example on this slide. Citing the Bible In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using (and underline or italicize the title), as each version varies in its translation, followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter and verse. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide. If future references employ the same edition of the Bible you ユ re using, list only the book, chapter, and verse in the parenthetical citation.
Citing Indirect Sources Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. This is illustrated in the first example on this slide. Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source. Multiple Citations To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for non-print sources (such as films or presentations) because of the absence of page numbers, but often, these sorts of entries do not require any sort of parenthetical citation at all. Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name, etc.). In the example on this slide “Herzog” from the in-text example lead readers to the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.
Sources from the Internet With more and more scholarly work being posted on the Internet, you may have to cite research you have completed in virtual environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work (reference the OWL's Evaluating Sources of Information resource located here: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/553/01/), some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source in your Works Cited. Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers, but often, these sorts of entries do not require any sort of parenthetical citation at all. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines: ・ Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). ・ You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser ユ s print preview function. ・ Unless you must list the website name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.
Short Quotations To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Provide the author and specific page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the text, and include a complete reference on the Works Cited page. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text. This is all illustrated in the first three examples on this slide. Mark breaks in short quotations of verse with a slash, /, at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow the slash). This is illustrated in the last example on this slide.
Long Quotations For quotations that are four or more lines of verse or prose: place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin; maintain double-spacing. Only indent the first line of the quotation by a half inch if you are citing multiple paragraphs. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.)
Adding or Omitting Words In Quotations If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text. This is illustrated in the first example on this slide. If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods ( . . . ) preceded and followed by a space. Please note that brackets are not needed around ellipses unless adding brackets would clarify your use of ellipses. This is illustrated in the second example on this slide.
Basic Rules ・ Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. ・ Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. ・ Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. ・ Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces so that you create a hanging indent. ・ List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as 225-50. Additional Basic Rules New to MLA 2009 ・ For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Most entries will likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CD-ROM, or DVD. ・ Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your instructor or publisher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. For long URLs, break lines only at slashes. ・ If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. You do not need to provide subscription information in addition to the database name.Capitalization and Punctuation ・ Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle ・ New to MLA 2009: Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles) Listing Author Names Entries are listed by author name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name. Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John"; do, however, include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr.," with the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma. More than One Work by an Author If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every entry after the first. Work with No Known Author Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citations in your paper.
Works Cited Page: Books When you are gathering book sources, be sure to make note of the following bibliographic items: author name(s), book title, publication date, publisher, place of publication. The medium of publication for all “hard copy” books is Print. Book with More Than One Author The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format. If there are more than three authors, you may choose to list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others") in place of the subsequent authors' names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. (Note that there is a period after “al” in “et al.” Also note that there is never a period after the “et” in “et al.”). Two or More Books by the Same Author List works alphabetically by title. (Remember to ignore articles like A, An, and The.) Provide the author ユ s name in last name, first name format for the first entry only. For each subsequent entry by the same author, use three hyphens and a period. There are many other possible factors that may arise when citing books. For a more complete list of rules and examples see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited Page: Books” at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/.
Article in a Magazine Cite by listing the article's author, putting the title of the article in quotations marks, and italicizing the periodical title. Follow with the date of publication. Remember to abbreviate the month. Please note the first example on this slide. An Article in a Scholarly Journal In previous years, MLA required that researchers determine whether or not a scholarly journal employed continuous pagination (page numbers began at page one in the first issue of the years and page numbers took up where they left off in subsequent ones) or non-continuous pagination (page numbers begin at page one in every subsequent issue) in order to determine whether or not to include issue numbers in bibliographic entries. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th edition (2009) eliminates this step. Always provide issue numbers, when available. Please note the second example on this slide. There are many other types of periodical publication. For a more thorough list of examples, please see the OWL’s “ MLA 2009 Works Cited: Periodicals ” at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/07/
Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications) MLA lists electronic sources as Web Publications . Thus, when including the medium of publication for electronic sources, list the medium as Web . Citing an Entire Web Site It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available on one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete address for the site. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if not publishing date is given. It is always a good idea to maintain personal copies of electronic information, when possible. It is good practice to print or save Web pages or, better, using a program like Adobe Acrobat, to keep your own copies for future reference. Most Web browsers will include URL/electronic address information when you print, which makes later reference easy. Also, you might use the Bookmark function in your Web browser in order to return to documents more easily. Important Note on the Use of URLs in MLA MLA no longer requires the use of URLs in MLA citations. Because Web addresses are not static (i.e. they change often) and because documents sometimes appear in multiple places on the Web (e.g. on multiple databases), MLA explains that most readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in Internet Search Engines. For instructors or editors that still wish to require the use of URLs , MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLs only after slashes. See previous slide comment. There are many other possible kinds of sources that can be cited from the Internet. For a more thorough list of examples, see the OWL’s “ MLA 2009 Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications) ” at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/
And here are some examples.
Works Cited Page: Other Common Sources An Interview Personal interviews refer to those interviews that you conduct yourself. List the interview by the name of the interviewee. Include the descriptor Personal interview and the date of the interview. Speeches, Lectures, or Other Oral Presentations (including Conference Presentations) Provide the speaker’s name. Then, give the title of the speech (if any) in quotation marks. Follow with the name of the meeting and organization, the location of the occasion, and the date. Use the descriptor that appropriately expresses the type of presentation (e.g. Address, Lecture, Reading, Keynote speech, Guest Lecture). Remember to use the abbreviation n.p. if the publisher is not known; use n.d. if the date is not known. Films or Movies List films (in theaters or not yet on DVD or video) by their title. Include the name of the director (after the abbreviation “Dir.”), the film studio or distributor, and the release year. If relevant, list performer names after the director’s name. Use the abbreviation perf. to head the list. List film as the medium of publication. There are other common types of sources which include broadcast television or radio programs, recorded films or movies, recorded television episodes, sound recordings, spoken word albums, digital files (PDFs, MP3s, JPEGs), paintings, sculptures, photographs, published conference processdings, and others. For a more thorough list of different kinds of commonly referenced sources, see the OWL’s “ MLA 2009 Works Cited: Other Common Sources ” at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/09/ Insert “For more information” slide after this one. You can download that slide from posted OWL PPTs.