Presented by Markku Kanninen and Markku Larjavaara, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at Practical Training in CarboScen in Jakarta, Indonesia, on September 28, 2017.
Role of primary forests for climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haruni Krisnawati of the Forest Research and Development Center Research Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 21-22 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mooc digital artifact - Impact of Climate Change for the Forest Products Indu...brunners
World Bank Massive Open Online Course Digital Artifact for "Turn down the heat: Why a 4 degree warmer world must be avoided." Focus is on the role of forests and forest based products in a low carbon economy. Only with long-term, landscape level thinking can the forest-baed ecosystems and rich biodiversity found within be protected for future generations and effectively help to keep the world from heating up 4 degrees by 2100.
Presented by Markku Kanninen and Markku Larjavaara, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at Practical Training in CarboScen in Jakarta, Indonesia, on September 28, 2017.
Role of primary forests for climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haruni Krisnawati of the Forest Research and Development Center Research Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 21-22 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mooc digital artifact - Impact of Climate Change for the Forest Products Indu...brunners
World Bank Massive Open Online Course Digital Artifact for "Turn down the heat: Why a 4 degree warmer world must be avoided." Focus is on the role of forests and forest based products in a low carbon economy. Only with long-term, landscape level thinking can the forest-baed ecosystems and rich biodiversity found within be protected for future generations and effectively help to keep the world from heating up 4 degrees by 2100.
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player bio4climate
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
This presentation displays the strong links between peatlands, climate change and biodiversity. Peatland degradation is a disaster for both the local and global climate as well as biodiversity.
Indonesian mangroves the best hope for global climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation, delivered by Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito, outlines the Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program.
As well as highlighting the global importance of wetlands, the presentation also details the particular significance of wetlands in Indonesia.
Resource conservation, tools for screening climate smart practices and public...Prabhakar SVRK
Natural resources continue to play an important role in livelihood and wellbeing of millions. Over exploitation and degradation of natural resource base have led to declining factor productivity in rural areas and dwindling farm profits coupled with debilitating impact on human health. This necessitates promoting technologies that can help producing food keeping pace with the growing population while conserving natural resource base and be profitable. Achieving this conflicting target though appears to be challenging but is possible with the currently available technologies. This lecture will provide insights into a gamut of resource conserving technologies, the role of communities in promoting them and tools that can help in identifying suitable technologies for adoption. The lecture will heavily borrow sustainable agriculture cases from the Asia Pacific region.
Outline
• Natural resource dependency and rural development
o Trends in resource depletion and impact on food production
o Farm profitability trends and input use
o Trends in factor productivity
• Resource conserving technologies and climate smart agriculture
o What are they?
o Similarities and differences
o Costs and benefits of pursuing them
• Tools for identifying resource conserving and climate smart agriculture technologies
o Factor productivity
o Benefit cost ratios
o Marginal abatement costs
• Role of communities
o Communities as entry point
o Benefits of community participation
• Concluding thoughts
o How to scale up resource conservation?
Potential for restoration of forest landscapes in Guatemala and its impacts...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Andrea Nájera from INAB shows how Guatemala's forests can be restored, which economic incentives were used, what the criteria for a map of potential areas for restoration were and what the conclusion and challenges for Guatemala are.
Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Ba...ijtsrd
The forest plays a major role in stabilizing increasing temperatures due to its climate mitigation capacity. This is not unconnected to the carbon storing and sequestration potentials of forests. The mangrove as one of the global forest types is said to be a major carbon store. This conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves forest on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out a baseline assessment of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of the area. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, tree Diameter at Breast Height DBH and canopy nature using digital elevation model DEM of the shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SRTM . This combination evaluated the species type and forest structure around the areas. Carbon stocks were estimated with the use of allometric equations using biomass data collected within main plots, sub plots, micro plots and transects. Results showed that mean biomass carbon stock density for the height classes for Bakassi ranged from 33.5 Mg ha to 598.9Mg ha. Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the carbon stock is 880.437 Mg ha and a sequestration rate of 3231.204 tCO2e ha . Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba ""Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Bakassi Peninsula, S-W Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30171.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30171/structure-biomass-carbon-stock-and-sequestration-rate-of-mangroves-in-the-bakassi-peninsula-s-w-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Mapping of Wood Carbon Stocks in the Classified Forest of Wari-Maro in Benin ...AI Publications
The Emissions Reducing program related to Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd +) calls for the development of approaches to quantify and spatialize forest carbon in order to design more appropriate forest management policies. The mapping of carbon stocks was done in the Wari-Maro Forest Reserve. To achieve this, forest inventory data (in situ) and remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 image) were used to construct a wood carbon stock forecasting model. Simple linear regression was used to test the correlation between these two variables. In situ surveys indicate that 64% of carbon stocks are contributed by forest formations, 32.72% are provided by savannah formations and 3.27% are from anthropogenic formations. The quantitative relationship between NDVI and carbon in situ shows a very good correlation with a high coefficient of determination R² = 91%. The carbon map generated from the model identified fronts of deforestation through their low carbon content. This remote sensing approach indicates that forest formations sequester 60% of forest carbon. The savannah formations reserve 33%, the anthropic formations bring only 6% of the stocks. Mapping has further captured the spatial variability among land use types, thus providing arguments to fully meet the objectives of Redd +.
Implications of Deforestation on Environment and HealthRalph Cioffi
Forest covers 30 percent of the Earth’s landmass. However, growing industrial and agricultural deforestation is creating problems for the earth and its inhabitants. Two adverse impacts of deforestation are climate change and the proliferation of infectious diseases.
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
What is the role of forests in the mitigation of climate change?Glen Peters
I was in a debate panel on forests in a climate context organised by Friends of the Earth Norway. In my presentation I focus on the big picture. https://naturvernforbundet.no/noa/aktiviteter-terminliste/hvordan-bruke-skogen-i-klimasammenheng-article38335-2163.html
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player bio4climate
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
This presentation displays the strong links between peatlands, climate change and biodiversity. Peatland degradation is a disaster for both the local and global climate as well as biodiversity.
Indonesian mangroves the best hope for global climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation, delivered by Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito, outlines the Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program.
As well as highlighting the global importance of wetlands, the presentation also details the particular significance of wetlands in Indonesia.
Resource conservation, tools for screening climate smart practices and public...Prabhakar SVRK
Natural resources continue to play an important role in livelihood and wellbeing of millions. Over exploitation and degradation of natural resource base have led to declining factor productivity in rural areas and dwindling farm profits coupled with debilitating impact on human health. This necessitates promoting technologies that can help producing food keeping pace with the growing population while conserving natural resource base and be profitable. Achieving this conflicting target though appears to be challenging but is possible with the currently available technologies. This lecture will provide insights into a gamut of resource conserving technologies, the role of communities in promoting them and tools that can help in identifying suitable technologies for adoption. The lecture will heavily borrow sustainable agriculture cases from the Asia Pacific region.
Outline
• Natural resource dependency and rural development
o Trends in resource depletion and impact on food production
o Farm profitability trends and input use
o Trends in factor productivity
• Resource conserving technologies and climate smart agriculture
o What are they?
o Similarities and differences
o Costs and benefits of pursuing them
• Tools for identifying resource conserving and climate smart agriculture technologies
o Factor productivity
o Benefit cost ratios
o Marginal abatement costs
• Role of communities
o Communities as entry point
o Benefits of community participation
• Concluding thoughts
o How to scale up resource conservation?
Potential for restoration of forest landscapes in Guatemala and its impacts...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Andrea Nájera from INAB shows how Guatemala's forests can be restored, which economic incentives were used, what the criteria for a map of potential areas for restoration were and what the conclusion and challenges for Guatemala are.
Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Ba...ijtsrd
The forest plays a major role in stabilizing increasing temperatures due to its climate mitigation capacity. This is not unconnected to the carbon storing and sequestration potentials of forests. The mangrove as one of the global forest types is said to be a major carbon store. This conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves forest on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out a baseline assessment of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of the area. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, tree Diameter at Breast Height DBH and canopy nature using digital elevation model DEM of the shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SRTM . This combination evaluated the species type and forest structure around the areas. Carbon stocks were estimated with the use of allometric equations using biomass data collected within main plots, sub plots, micro plots and transects. Results showed that mean biomass carbon stock density for the height classes for Bakassi ranged from 33.5 Mg ha to 598.9Mg ha. Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the carbon stock is 880.437 Mg ha and a sequestration rate of 3231.204 tCO2e ha . Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba ""Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Bakassi Peninsula, S-W Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30171.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30171/structure-biomass-carbon-stock-and-sequestration-rate-of-mangroves-in-the-bakassi-peninsula-s-w-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Mapping of Wood Carbon Stocks in the Classified Forest of Wari-Maro in Benin ...AI Publications
The Emissions Reducing program related to Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd +) calls for the development of approaches to quantify and spatialize forest carbon in order to design more appropriate forest management policies. The mapping of carbon stocks was done in the Wari-Maro Forest Reserve. To achieve this, forest inventory data (in situ) and remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 image) were used to construct a wood carbon stock forecasting model. Simple linear regression was used to test the correlation between these two variables. In situ surveys indicate that 64% of carbon stocks are contributed by forest formations, 32.72% are provided by savannah formations and 3.27% are from anthropogenic formations. The quantitative relationship between NDVI and carbon in situ shows a very good correlation with a high coefficient of determination R² = 91%. The carbon map generated from the model identified fronts of deforestation through their low carbon content. This remote sensing approach indicates that forest formations sequester 60% of forest carbon. The savannah formations reserve 33%, the anthropic formations bring only 6% of the stocks. Mapping has further captured the spatial variability among land use types, thus providing arguments to fully meet the objectives of Redd +.
Implications of Deforestation on Environment and HealthRalph Cioffi
Forest covers 30 percent of the Earth’s landmass. However, growing industrial and agricultural deforestation is creating problems for the earth and its inhabitants. Two adverse impacts of deforestation are climate change and the proliferation of infectious diseases.
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
What is the role of forests in the mitigation of climate change?Glen Peters
I was in a debate panel on forests in a climate context organised by Friends of the Earth Norway. In my presentation I focus on the big picture. https://naturvernforbundet.no/noa/aktiviteter-terminliste/hvordan-bruke-skogen-i-klimasammenheng-article38335-2163.html
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
1. Climate Change Impact and Forest
Deepak Bornare, Ph.D.
Head & Associate Professor
Department of Agricultural Engineering
MIT, Aurangabad-431010
India
“Capacity Building in the Youth Project”
618798-EPP-1-2020-1-TR-EPPKA2-CBY-ACPALA
#Montevideo,Urugauy # 06-12/May/2022
2. Overview
Global forests and forestry
Forests and the carbon
cycle
Climate change and
forests:
• Impacts
• Mitigation
• Adaptation
3. Forests comprise 4 billion ha (30% of land surface, 434 billion m3)
89% natural (36% primary and 53% modified)
Source: FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment 2005
Global forests
Forest
Other wooded land
Other land
Water
5. 11
27
11 12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
127 Kha 49 Kha 76.2 Kha 2.29 Kha
31.3Mha 3.2 Mha 8.67 Mha 1.34 Mha
India Greece Turkey Uruguay
%
Area
Country ,Area, Loss
Forest & Loss status 2021
Source: Global Forest Watch ,2022
6. Facts
• Forests provide more than 86 million green jobs and support
the livelihoods of many more.
• An estimated 880 million people spend part of their time
collecting fuelwood or producing charcoal.
• Of the people living in extreme poverty, over 90 percent are
dependent on forests for at least part of their livelihoods.
• Globally, 1.6 billion people (nearly 25% of the world’s
population) rely on forests for their livelihoods, many of whom
are the world’s poorest.
• Forests provide US$ 75–100 billion per year in goods and
services such as clean water and healthy soils
• Forests are home to 80% of the world’s terrestrial
biodiversity.
• Approximately 2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, one-third
of the CO2 released from burning fossil fuels, is absorbed by
forests every year.
7. Global forests: recent changes
Forest loss due to:
• Expansion of settlements, infrastructure, unsustainable logging practices
• Sources of carbon
Forest gain due to:
• Afforestation, landscape restoration, natural forest expansion
• Sinks of carbon
Source: FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment 2005
>0.5% decrease per year >0.5% increase per year Change rate <0.5% per year
Change 2000 – 2005
Greatest forest loss in
low-income, low-latitude
countries
Average annual net loss:
Brazil – 3.1 million ha
Indonesia - 1.9 million ha
Average annual net gain:
China – 4.0 million ha
8. Carbon implications of global forest cover change
Forests: both large sources and sinks of carbon
The global forest sector:
• Emissions from deforestation 1.6 Gt C/yr
• Equivalent to 20% of anthropogenic GHGs
Forests affect and are affected by climate change
• Outcome determines mitigation/adaptation potential
9. How forest affect the carbon cycle
Less than half of
human emissions
stay in atmosphere
3.2 ± 0.1 GtC/yr Airborne fraction
Atmosphere
Biosphere
6.4 ± 0.4
Fossil fuel
2.2 ± 0.4
Ocean uptake
1.6 ± 0.9
Land-use change
2.6 ± 0.1
Land uptake
(esp. forests)
Data from IPCC AR4 WG1 2007
Reduce emissions Increase sinks
Mitigation = reduced
emissions and/or
increased sinks
Forests/forestry
can have significant
impacts on future
atmospheric C
concentrations
10. Climate change and forests: impacts
From IPCC AR4 WG1 2007
Projections of surface temperatures (relative to 1980-1999)
Emission scenario:
B1
A2
2020 – 2029 (short term) 2090 – 2099 (long term)
Increasing
GHGs
Climate
change
Impacts on
forests
Increasing
temperatures
Feedbacks?
11. Climate change and forests: impacts (short term)
CO2 fertilization
Higher temperature
(inc. growth rate)
Nitrogen mineralization
Longer growing season
Range expansion
Size/severity of forest
fires, wind damage, floods
Rate/severity/range of
native insect and disease
impacts
Invasive species
Feedbacks
Increased productivity Increased disturbance
12. Current
IPCC 1995, GFDL + MAPSS models
Temperate grasses
Grasslands
Deserts
Savanna
Tropical seasonal forests
Tropical moist forest
Wetland, mangrove etc
Agricultural land
Ice
Tundra
Boreal forests
2 x CO2
Restricted distributions, esp. northern hemisphere
Climate change and forests: impacts (long term)
13. Forests and forestry cannot solve the problem of fossil C
emissions, but they can contribute to the solution
Reduced deforestation, increased afforestation could more
than offset global carbon emissions from the transportation
sector (Stern 2006)
Forests and mitigation
14. Forests and mitigation: management options
Maintain (or increase) forest area
• Reduce deforestation, increase afforestation
Increase stand-level carbon density
• Partial harvest systems, reduce residue
burning, reduce regeneration delays, species
selection
Increase landscape-level carbon density
• Lengthen rotations, inc. conservation areas,
protect against disturbance
Increase stored C in wood products,
reduce fossil C emissions through
product substitution and bioenergy
• Longer-lived products, recycling, biofuels,
salvage
15. Forests and adaptation
Continued warming
even with emissions
held at 2000 levels
Impacts greatest at
higher latitudes
Increasing need for
adaptation to
accompany
mitigation efforts
From IPCC AR4 WG1 2007
1st assessment report
2nd assessment report
3rd assessment report
Observed
Constant from 2000
Emissions scenarios
Adaptation = adjustments in ecological, social, and economic systems in
response to the effects of climate change. (Smit et al. 2000)
16. Forests and adaptation
Technological
(e.g. assisted migrations, increased resilience)
Behavioral
(e.g. altered ecosystem service requirements)
Managerial
(e.g. altered forest practices)
Policy
(e.g. planning regulations)
“…more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to
reduce vulnerability to future climate change. There are barriers, limits
and costs, but these are not fully understood.” (IPCC AR4 WG2 2007)
A portfolio of adaptation and mitigation measures can diminish
the risks associated with climate change.
Opportunities?