Climate change through Joint Forest Management

1. INDIRAGANDHI KRISHIVISHWAVIDYALAYA, RAIPUR (C.G.)
COLLEGE OFAGRICULTURE RAIPUR
SESSION 2022-23
Assignment On
Topic- Climate change mitigation through joint forest management in India
Course title :- Technical writing & communications skills
Course code :- PGS-502
Course credit :- 1(0+1)
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MR. R. P. KUJUR NEHAL KUMAR GUPTA
I/C STUDENT SECTION M.Sc.(Ag.) PREVIOUS
DEPT. OF AGROMETEOROLOGY

2. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION THROUGH
JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

3. Climate change in india
Climate change in India is having profound effects on India, which is ranked 10th
among the list of countries most affected by climate changes in 2022. India emits
about 3 gigatonnes (Gt) CO2 of greenhouse gases each year; about two and a half
tons per person, which is less than the world average. The country emits 7% of
global emissions, despite having 17.7% of the world population.
Temperature rises on the Tibetan Plateau are causing Himalayan glaciers to retreat,
threatening the flow rate of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna and other major
rivers. A 2007 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) report states that the Indus
River may run dry for the same reason.
Heat waves' frequency and intensity are increasing in India because of climate
change. Severe landslides and floods are projected to become increasingly common
in such states as Assam. Climate change performance index of India ranks eighth
among 63 countries which account for 92% of all GHG emissions in the year 2021

4.  Temperatures in India have risen by 0.7 °C (1.3 °F) between
1901 and 2018
 According to some current projections, the number and severity
of droughts in India will have markedly increased by the end of
the present century.

5. Greenhouse gas emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions by India are the third largest in the world
and the main source is coal. India emitted:- 2.8 Gt of CO in 2016
 79% were CO2,
 14% methane
 5% nitrous oxide
India emits about 3 gigatonnes (Gt) CO of greenhouse gases each year;
about two tons per person, which is half the world average. The country
emits 7% of global emissions.
As of 2019 these figures are quite uncertain, but a comprehensive
greenhouse gas inventory is within reach. Cutting greenhouse gas
emissions, and therefore air pollution in India, would have health
benefits worth 4 to 5 times the cost, which would be the most cost-
effective in the world.

6. The Paris Agreement commitments included a reduction of this
intensity by 33-35% by 2030. India annual emissions per person
are less than the global average, and the UNEP forecasts that by
2030 they will be between 3 and 4 tonnes. In 2019 China is
estimated to have emitted 27% of world greenhouse gas(ghg),
followed by the US with 11%, then India with 6.6%.

7. cause of climate change
• Greenhouse gases
• Generating power
• Industrialization
• Deforestation
• Transportation
• Powering buildings

8. Climate change mitigation
• The mitigation piece of the puzzle is easy to
explain, but difficult to accomplish. We must
transition from powering our world with fossil fuels
to using clean, renewable energy. And we need to
stop deforestation and restore our natural
habitats until we reach net-zero carbon
emissions—meaning that the release of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is
balanced with the capture and storage of those
gases in places like tree roots.

9. Forest cover in india:-
The India State of Forest Report-2019 published by the Forest Survey of
India classifies forest cover into:
• (1) Very Dense Forest (VDF) 3.02%
• (2) Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) 9.39%
• (3) Open Forest (OF) 9.26%
• (4) Scrub 1.41%
• (6) Non forest 76.92%

10. Community participation in forest management in India:-
• Many forest management activities (like Compulsory Afforestation
and Green India Mission) have been adopted by the Government of
India to protect, preserve, and improve the quality of our resources.
• The forest policy significantly changed the resource management
strategy and for the first time recognized the role of local
communities in both management and conservation of natural
resources.
• Joint Forest Management (JFM) with the 1990 JFM resolution
became the institution that has been used by the government to
collaborate with local communities in management of local
resources.

11. Joint Forest Management
• Joint Forest Management (JFM) involves regeneration and
conservation of forests through involvement of village
communities in association with the state forest departments.
• It involves a contract specifying the distribution of authority,
responsibility and benefits between villages and State Forest
Departments with respect to land allocated for Joint
Management

12. The origin of joint forest management in india
Two most well known pilot experiments in early 1970s
• 1972- arabari (west Bengal)
• Mid-1970s- Sukhomajri (Haryana)

13. How forest management helps tackle climate change
1.MITIGATION
Carbon sequestration
through increases in forests and trees
and forest carbon stock enhancement
• Afforestation, reforestation and
forest restoration
• Increase of tree cover in farming
systems (agroforestry), rural
landscapes and cities
• Enhancement of carbon stocks
and sequestration capacity
through management practices
Forest carbon stocks conservation
through reduction of deforestation and
forest degradation
• Sustainable practices of forest
management and use
• Integrated fire management
• Management of forest health and
vitality
• Management of forest biodiversity
• Management of protected areas and
wildlife

14. 2.Adaptation
Strenghtening adaptive capacity
of trees and forests
especially in fragile forest
ecosystems
• Management of forest
biodiversity
• Forest health and vitality to
reduce vulnerability
• Intensifying fire management
systems
• Adaptive management practices
Strenghtening adaptive capacity
of forest dependent communities
• Strengthening coping strategies
• Diversifying forest
management-related
employment opportunities and
livelihoods
• Adaptive land use planning and
management

15. Afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration
Increasing forest area and density through afforestation, reforestation and
forest restoration results in increased absorption of carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. Once the trees are harvested, new trees can grow in their place and
continue to sequester carbon. Planted forests today cover around 264 million
hectares and absorb an estimated 1.5 gigatonnes of carbon from the atmosphere
each year.
The rates of carbon sequestration on forest land depend on the management
practices adopted, the tree species involved, and the geographic area covered. For
the conversion of agricultural land to forests by way of afforestation, for example,
sequestration rates will vary considerably depending on the region and species
involved. In accordance with tree growth, carbon sequestration rates share a
standard pattern of initially rising rates followed by gradually declining rates.
On average, a planted forest in a temperate zone can sequester about 4 tonnes of
carbon per hectare each year.

16. Conclusion
• The forest sector in India has a huge potential to mitigate climate change by
achieving an additional 3 billion tonnes of carbon sequestration by 2030.
However, achieving this would require serious efforts towards conservation,
restoration and regeneration of the country’s forests. The sector has highly
ambitious targets to achieve, yet there are significant implementation
challenges. In the last few years, India has witnessed a degradation of its
dense forest cover at an unprecedented rate. While it may seem that there is
political will and financing available for an ambitious forest programme, there
is an urgent need for reimagination and innovation in creating an integrated
forest management framework, if India wants to harness its climate and
sustainable development benefits. Given the critical state of India’s forests,
the government must demonstrate a sense of urgency in proper planning its
afforestation programme and do serious implementation on the ground.

17. REFERENCE
 Alark Saxena. “Climate change resilience: can Joint Forest Management help
Indian forest and communities?”, Journal of Resources, Energy and
Development (JREaD) Vol.8(2) september 2011: web. 28 nov. 2022.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation#Energy_conservati
on_and_efficiency
 https://www.fao.org/3/i9160e/i960e00.pdf
 https://bookstore.teri.res.in/e_issue_text_1.php?oj_id=167&sector=530
 https://www.orfonline.org/research/harnessing-the-power-of-indias-forests-
for-climate-change-mitigation/

18. Thank you