Episode 59 : Introduction of Process Integration
Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
Reference: Notes from course on “Modelling, design and control for process integration”, CAPEC, August 2000 (R. Dunn)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Episode 39 : Hopper Design
Problem:
1 -experiments with shear box jenike on a particulate catalyst to give the family
yield locus as in 1. given that the bulk density is 1000 kg/m3 particulates and wall friction angle is 15
a-from design chart silo cone, do design a mass flow hopper for the material.
b-if the average size is 100 um, calculate the discharge flow rate passing through the discharge opening
2 - For the above materials using stainless steel is required to store 1000 tons of particulate in it. Coefficient of friction at the wall is given as 0.45 for each value and the formula that you use the appropriate justify the design.
a - draw the dimensions of the silo you and draw a vertical stress profile and the wall of the silo whole time say powerful particle
b- specify the maximum vertical stress and the wall of the silo you
c - if you use several different approaches in the design you provide appropriate recommendations to your employer for work before the end of the casting device fabrication started.
d - if problems such as the formation of the entrance are available after a certain time interval suggest measures - flow improvement measures to be taken to your employer
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 59 : Introduction of Process Integration
Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
Reference: Notes from course on “Modelling, design and control for process integration”, CAPEC, August 2000 (R. Dunn)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Episode 39 : Hopper Design
Problem:
1 -experiments with shear box jenike on a particulate catalyst to give the family
yield locus as in 1. given that the bulk density is 1000 kg/m3 particulates and wall friction angle is 15
a-from design chart silo cone, do design a mass flow hopper for the material.
b-if the average size is 100 um, calculate the discharge flow rate passing through the discharge opening
2 - For the above materials using stainless steel is required to store 1000 tons of particulate in it. Coefficient of friction at the wall is given as 0.45 for each value and the formula that you use the appropriate justify the design.
a - draw the dimensions of the silo you and draw a vertical stress profile and the wall of the silo whole time say powerful particle
b- specify the maximum vertical stress and the wall of the silo you
c - if you use several different approaches in the design you provide appropriate recommendations to your employer for work before the end of the casting device fabrication started.
d - if problems such as the formation of the entrance are available after a certain time interval suggest measures - flow improvement measures to be taken to your employer
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 54 : CAPE Problem Formulations
Computer Aided Process Engineering
Lecture 2: CAPE Problem Formulations
* Four types of CAPE problems
Flowsheeting Specification (Design) Optimization (Design) Synthesis (& Design)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Heat transfer area and Heat transfer cofficient (U)abdullahkhalid50
Working on the radiator of Suzuki Baleno 1999.
How to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U)?
How to calculate the heat transfer area and compare it with the experimental data being collected.
Engineers often use softwares to perform gas compressor calculations to estimate compressor duty, temperatures, adiabatic & polytropic efficiencies, driver & cooler duty. In the following exercise, gas compressor calculations for a pipeline composition are shown as an example case study.
Jean-Paul Gibson: Analysis Of An Open Feedwater Heater SystemJean-Paul Gibson
People often look surprised when I tell them that Thermodynamics was probably one of my favorite classes in school. This was the final project for my Thermo II class and was intended to be done in groups. I wanted to challenge myself to a near unnecessary limit by completing this entire project myself. The purpose of this project was to determine the optimum operating pressure for the feedwater heater for a power cycle (from a selected problem in the textbook). However the primary focus, and most difficult task, was writing a program in C++ to calculate multiple values for a selected problem in our textbook. I quite literally had to teach myself how to program in C++ well beyond the basics I had learned in an intro class. This program had to be capable of cross referencing multiple reference tables in the back of the book, each having dozens of values which had to be manually typed in. Which reference tables it pulled values from was dependent on the user inputted turbine efficiency and feedwater heater pressure. It easily took me over a month to debug and test this program to ensure it was always going to the correct reference tables to pull data when outputting the calculations it performed.
Update on 7/2/2016: I did attempt to make another program that would allow the user to type in any feedwater heater pressure rather than make a selection from values there was a reference table for in the back of the back. The program used a method of interpolation to obtain all the data needed to perform all the calculations that were outputted. I don't remember the last time I attempted to run that version of the program, but I seem to recall getting impossible answers outputted. This indicated to me that a more complicated method of interpolating values was required, or I just couldn't get it to work correctly. I ultimately decided against pursuing that version of the program any further. Just getting it work correctly with a predefined list of pressures to select from was difficult enough.
Optimization of parameters affecting the performance of passive solar distill...IOSR Journals
This paper represent the performance of operating parameter of solar still. In this paper optimizing
the four parameter with the help of Taguchi method. This four parameters (glass cover angle, Water
temperature ,glass cover temperature, Average spacing between water and glass cover) influence on the total
distill output. The present paper optimize the Taguchi method to optimize the operating parameter for higher
yield for a passive single slope solar distillation system. The main objective of the present study was to apply the
Taguchi method to establish the optimal set of parameters for passive slope solar still. The Taguchi method is
employed to determine the optimal combination of design parameter .This paper present new optimize
parameter using Taguchi method in the case of passive solar still.
OPERATING ENVELOPES FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPSVijay Sarathy
The following tutorial provides a step by step procedure to predict the allowable operating range or “Operating Envelope” for a centrifugal pump’s range of operation.
Episode 54 : CAPE Problem Formulations
Computer Aided Process Engineering
Lecture 2: CAPE Problem Formulations
* Four types of CAPE problems
Flowsheeting Specification (Design) Optimization (Design) Synthesis (& Design)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Heat transfer area and Heat transfer cofficient (U)abdullahkhalid50
Working on the radiator of Suzuki Baleno 1999.
How to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U)?
How to calculate the heat transfer area and compare it with the experimental data being collected.
Engineers often use softwares to perform gas compressor calculations to estimate compressor duty, temperatures, adiabatic & polytropic efficiencies, driver & cooler duty. In the following exercise, gas compressor calculations for a pipeline composition are shown as an example case study.
Jean-Paul Gibson: Analysis Of An Open Feedwater Heater SystemJean-Paul Gibson
People often look surprised when I tell them that Thermodynamics was probably one of my favorite classes in school. This was the final project for my Thermo II class and was intended to be done in groups. I wanted to challenge myself to a near unnecessary limit by completing this entire project myself. The purpose of this project was to determine the optimum operating pressure for the feedwater heater for a power cycle (from a selected problem in the textbook). However the primary focus, and most difficult task, was writing a program in C++ to calculate multiple values for a selected problem in our textbook. I quite literally had to teach myself how to program in C++ well beyond the basics I had learned in an intro class. This program had to be capable of cross referencing multiple reference tables in the back of the book, each having dozens of values which had to be manually typed in. Which reference tables it pulled values from was dependent on the user inputted turbine efficiency and feedwater heater pressure. It easily took me over a month to debug and test this program to ensure it was always going to the correct reference tables to pull data when outputting the calculations it performed.
Update on 7/2/2016: I did attempt to make another program that would allow the user to type in any feedwater heater pressure rather than make a selection from values there was a reference table for in the back of the back. The program used a method of interpolation to obtain all the data needed to perform all the calculations that were outputted. I don't remember the last time I attempted to run that version of the program, but I seem to recall getting impossible answers outputted. This indicated to me that a more complicated method of interpolating values was required, or I just couldn't get it to work correctly. I ultimately decided against pursuing that version of the program any further. Just getting it work correctly with a predefined list of pressures to select from was difficult enough.
Optimization of parameters affecting the performance of passive solar distill...IOSR Journals
This paper represent the performance of operating parameter of solar still. In this paper optimizing
the four parameter with the help of Taguchi method. This four parameters (glass cover angle, Water
temperature ,glass cover temperature, Average spacing between water and glass cover) influence on the total
distill output. The present paper optimize the Taguchi method to optimize the operating parameter for higher
yield for a passive single slope solar distillation system. The main objective of the present study was to apply the
Taguchi method to establish the optimal set of parameters for passive slope solar still. The Taguchi method is
employed to determine the optimal combination of design parameter .This paper present new optimize
parameter using Taguchi method in the case of passive solar still.
OPERATING ENVELOPES FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPSVijay Sarathy
The following tutorial provides a step by step procedure to predict the allowable operating range or “Operating Envelope” for a centrifugal pump’s range of operation.
Production decline analysis is a traditional means of identifying well production problems and predicting well performance and life based on real production data. It uses empirical decline models that have little fundamental justifications. These models include
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Exponential decline (constant fractional decline)
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Harmonic decline, and
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Hyperbolic decline.
Accelerating Compression Time of the Standard JPEG by Employing the Quantized...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we propose a quantized YCbCr color space (QYCbCr) technique which is employed in standard JPEG. The objective of this work is to accelerate computational time of the standard JPEG image compression algorithm. This is a development of the standard JPEG which is named QYCBCr algorithm. It merges two processes i.e., YCbCr color space conversion and Q quantization in which in the standar JPEG they were performed separately. The merger forms a new single integrated process of color conversion which is employed prior to DCT process by subsequently eliminating the quantization process. The equation formula of QYCbCr color coversion is built based on the chrominance and luminance properties of the human visual system which derived from quatization matrices. Experiment results performed on images of different sizes show that the computational running time of QYCbCr algorithm gives 4 up to 8 times faster than JPEG standard, and also provides higher compression ratio and better image quality.
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Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
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Mist Extractor.pdf
1. 145| P a g e
7.3.4 Phase Separator
The parameters and composition of separator to calculate the detail calculation is being
refers from figure in fundamental above.
1. Density
The density was calculated based on the Appendix B which were done by interpolate
the data. The calculated density for all four components as follows with the parameters of 48.85o
C
and 36.38 atm.
Table 7.17: Density at 48.85o
C and 36.38 atm
Hydrogen, H2
(gas)
Methane, CH4
(gas)
Benzene, C6H6
(liquid)
Cyclohexane, C6H12
(liquid)
2.7701 22.4991 851.3196 755.4502
Interpolation (unit; ρ =
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄ )
2. Volume
Using the following formula:
𝜌 =
𝑚
𝑉
→ 𝑉̇ =
𝑚
̇
𝜌
a) Hydrogen, H2:
𝑉̇ =
7.489
𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑟
⁄
2.7701
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
= 2.7035 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
b) Methane, CH4:
𝑉̇ =
35.565
𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑟
⁄
22.4991
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
= 1.5807 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
2. 146| P a g e
c) Benzene, C6H6:
𝑉̇ =
18.718
𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑟
⁄
851.3196
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
= 0.022 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
d) Cyclohexane, C6H12:
𝑉̇ =
18656.716
𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑟
⁄
755.4502
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
= 24.6962 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
Gas Volume: 𝑉̇𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 𝑉̇𝐻2 + 𝑉̇𝐶𝐻4 = 4.2842 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
Liquid Volume: 𝑉̇𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑉̇𝐶6𝐻6 + 𝑉̇𝐶6𝐻12 = 24.7182 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
Total Volume: 𝑉̇𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑉̇𝑔𝑎𝑠 + 𝑉̇𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 29.0024 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
3. Vessel Sizing
Figure 7.25: Horizontal vapor – liquid separator
Based on Figure 7.26 below, it shows the ratio of length, L and diameter, D based on
the operating pressure of the vessel. Due to the pressure operated on the vessel are higher than
35 bar, thus the ratio suitable to be taken is the ration of 1:5.
L
H
D
Rc
3. 147| P a g e
Figure 7.26: Table of length and diameter ratio
When, L = 10 m:
𝐿 = 5𝐷
𝐷 =
𝐿
5
𝐷 = 2 𝑚
Crown radius, Rc:
𝑅𝑐 =
𝐷
2
= 1 𝑚
a) Total Volume of Hemispherical Head
𝑉 =
2
3
𝜋𝑅𝑐3
=
2
3
𝜋(1𝑚)3
= 2.0944 𝑚3
× 2 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
= 4.1888 𝑚3
b) Volume of Vessel Tank
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟2
[(
4
3
) (𝑟) + 𝐿]
= 𝜋(1𝑚)2
[(
4
3
)(1𝑚) + 10𝑚]
= 35.6047𝑚3
4. 148| P a g e
c) Level of Liquid Height, H
Interpolation based on the following table below:
Level (mm) Volume (m3
)
1400 26.77
1600 30.70
H 29.0024
Table 7.18: Liquid level in the vessel (CHECALC, 2015)
From the calculation above, the total volume of liquid in the vessel is 29.0024 m3
.
𝐻 − 1400
1600 − 1400
=
29.0024 − 26.77
30.70 − 26.77
𝐻 − 1400
200
= 0.5581
𝐻 = 1513.6081 𝑚𝑚
= 1.5136 𝑚
d) Mist Extractor
K factor has the specific value based on the operating pressure of separator. For the
pressure operated at 36.38 atm equivalent to 36.863 bar, the K factor was obtained by
interpolating the data from table below.
Pressure (bar) K (𝑚
𝑠
⁄ )
21.0 0.101
42.0 0.092
36.862 K
Table 7.19: K factor value based on operating pressure (Bahadori, 2014)
36.862 − 21.0
42.0 − 21.0
=
𝐾 − 0.101
0.092 − 0.101
𝐾 − 0.101
−0.009
= 0.7553
𝐾 = 0.0942 𝑚
𝑠
⁄
5. 149| P a g e
e) Settling Velocity, Vt
𝑉𝑡 = 𝐾√
𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑔
𝜌𝑔
= 0.0942 𝑚
𝑠
⁄ × √
(851.3196 − 22.4991)
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
22.4991
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
= 0.5717 𝑚
𝑠
⁄ 𝑜𝑟 2057.4 𝑚
ℎ𝑟
⁄
f) Gas Flow, QA
𝑄𝐴 =
𝑚
̇
𝜌𝑔
=
18718.487
𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑟
⁄
22.4991
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
⁄
= 831.966 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
g) Area of Mist Extractor
𝐴 =
𝑄𝐴
𝑉𝑡
=
831.966 𝑚3
ℎ𝑟
⁄
2057.4 𝑚
ℎ𝑟
⁄
= 0.4044 𝑚2
Hence the area of the mist extractor in round shape, formula of circle is used to calculate the
diameter of mist extractor.
6. 150| P a g e
h) Area of Circle
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2
0.4044 𝑚2
= 𝜋𝑟2
𝑟2
= 0.1287 𝑚2
𝑟 = 0.3587 𝑚
i) Diameter of Mist Extractor
𝐷 = 2𝑟
= 2(0.3587 𝑚)
= 0.7174 𝑚
7. 164| P a g e
7.4.4 Phase Separator (Major)
The dimensions and measurements for the phase separator has been calculated earlier.
Figures below are showcasing the prototype of how the desired phase separator should look like.
The mechanical drawing for phase separator for both isometric and geometry was done by using
software “Autodest Inventor”.
a) Isometric Drawing
Figure 7.38: Equipment in Isometric Drawing
Inlet Diverter
Mist Extractor
8. 165| P a g e
b) Geometry Drawing
Figure 7.39: Equipment in Geometry Drawing with scale and dimension
9. 174| P a g e
7.5.4 Phase Separator (Major)
EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION SHEET
General Information
Type of equipment Vapor – Liquid Separator, S–101
Function To separate mixture of vapor and liquid
Number of unit 1
Material of construction Stainless steel
Operating Information
Operating Pressure 36.38 atm
Operating Temperature 48.85°C
Operating Condition Continuous
Power Input 6785.29 W
Feed flowrate 18718.487 kg/hr
Molar flowrate 221.682 kmol/hr
Design Information
Vessel:
Type of vessel Horizontal vessel
Vessel head Hemispherical head
Vessel volume (m3
) 35.6047 m3
Diameter of vessel (m) 2.0 m
Head crown radius (m) 1.0 m
Length of vessel (m) 10.0 m
Length of vessel with head (m) 14.0 m
Inner part Inlet diverter, Mist extractor
Inlet Diverter:
Type of inlet diverter Stainless steel
Mist Extractor:
Type of mist extractor 8PP - Plastic mesh
Settling velocity 0.5717 m/s
Area of mist extractor (m2
) 0.4044 m2
Diameter of mist extractor (m) 0.7174 m
Diameter droplet 200.0 microns