1. Financial markets channel funds from savers to investors, affecting both personal wealth and business decisions. They include bond, stock, and foreign exchange markets.
2. Financial intermediaries such as banks borrow from savers and lend to borrowers, helping overcome problems of asymmetric information and transaction costs.
3. Regulation of financial systems aims to increase information to investors and ensure soundness of intermediaries, helping prevent panics through measures like disclosure requirements and deposit insurance.
TBLI CONFERENCE @BOOTH/KELLOGG 2015: "Investor Challenges in Emerging Markets...stephanietbli
Venture capital and private equity investments are inherently more risky that other types of asset classes. But combine these illiquid, privately placed securities with social business models operating in emerging markets, and the risks for fund managers and their investors are magnified. Despite the challenges, microfinance investment funds have poured billions of dollars into companies offering financial services to poor people living in emerging and frontier markets. The experience of these microfinance funds offers some helpful lessons on the tools and techniques available to mitigate the risks other impact investors face in developing markets – from insuring political risk and managing foreign exchange rate exposure to minimizing founder / key man risk and engineering exits in underdeveloped capital markets.
Paul Christensen - Associate Dean, Global Programs and Clinical Associate Professor for Finance - Kellogg School of Management
“Những thách thức về Quy chế tài chính thời kỳ hậu khủng hoảng kinh tế” là nghiên cứu Giáo sư Ania Zalewska, Đại học Bath, Anh Quốc, mang tới hội nghị VEAM (Vietnam Economist Annual Meeting ) 2015
"Challenges of financial regulation in the post crisis world" is the study Prof. Ania Zalewska, Bath University, UK, brought to VEAM 2015.
Để biết thêm chi tiết về các hoạt động và nghiên cứu của DEPOCEN truy cập
Website: http://depocen.org/vn/
LinkedIn: http://linkd.in/1GnHrHB
Facebook: DEPOCEN
TBLI CONFERENCE @BOOTH/KELLOGG 2015: "Investor Challenges in Emerging Markets...stephanietbli
Venture capital and private equity investments are inherently more risky that other types of asset classes. But combine these illiquid, privately placed securities with social business models operating in emerging markets, and the risks for fund managers and their investors are magnified. Despite the challenges, microfinance investment funds have poured billions of dollars into companies offering financial services to poor people living in emerging and frontier markets. The experience of these microfinance funds offers some helpful lessons on the tools and techniques available to mitigate the risks other impact investors face in developing markets – from insuring political risk and managing foreign exchange rate exposure to minimizing founder / key man risk and engineering exits in underdeveloped capital markets.
Paul Christensen - Associate Dean, Global Programs and Clinical Associate Professor for Finance - Kellogg School of Management
“Những thách thức về Quy chế tài chính thời kỳ hậu khủng hoảng kinh tế” là nghiên cứu Giáo sư Ania Zalewska, Đại học Bath, Anh Quốc, mang tới hội nghị VEAM (Vietnam Economist Annual Meeting ) 2015
"Challenges of financial regulation in the post crisis world" is the study Prof. Ania Zalewska, Bath University, UK, brought to VEAM 2015.
Để biết thêm chi tiết về các hoạt động và nghiên cứu của DEPOCEN truy cập
Website: http://depocen.org/vn/
LinkedIn: http://linkd.in/1GnHrHB
Facebook: DEPOCEN
Country risk assessment, also known as country risk analysis, is the process of determining a nation's ability to transfer payments. It takes into account political, economic and social factors, and is used to help organisations make strategic decisions when conducting business in a country with excessive risk.
The system of organized lending can never run out of risks. Be market, liquidity, credit, interest or operational, risk is inevitable for banks and other financial firms.
Hence, a primary importance is given to risk profiling in all financial institutions.
One of the omnipresent risks that have taken a toll on banks regularly is credit risk. In simplest terms, this risk can be defined as non repayment of a loan as per agreed conditions, to the lender, thus ruining the lender’s investment.
The non repayment can be intentional (willful default), due to failure of an industry (systemic risk), failure of cross currency settlement (settlement risk) etc.
In this article, we are going to explore credit risk. We will discuss its basic meaning, types, causes, effects and how banks all over the world have made attempts to monitor, mitigate, transfer and at times, accept the risk.
This presentation provides complete study ofcredit risk management,how it was performed in yester years ,how it is taken care nowadays and what is the road ahead in future
Adrian Blundell-Wignall, OECD: "An optimal bank structure?"Global Utmaning
A presentation held by PhD Stefano Pagliari, Departement of International Politics, City University London, at the high level seminar "Towards a sustainable financial system", hosted by the Stockholm based think tank Global Challenge in cooperation with London School of Economics and Swedish House of Finance on September 12th 2013.
Country risk assessment, also known as country risk analysis, is the process of determining a nation's ability to transfer payments. It takes into account political, economic and social factors, and is used to help organisations make strategic decisions when conducting business in a country with excessive risk.
The system of organized lending can never run out of risks. Be market, liquidity, credit, interest or operational, risk is inevitable for banks and other financial firms.
Hence, a primary importance is given to risk profiling in all financial institutions.
One of the omnipresent risks that have taken a toll on banks regularly is credit risk. In simplest terms, this risk can be defined as non repayment of a loan as per agreed conditions, to the lender, thus ruining the lender’s investment.
The non repayment can be intentional (willful default), due to failure of an industry (systemic risk), failure of cross currency settlement (settlement risk) etc.
In this article, we are going to explore credit risk. We will discuss its basic meaning, types, causes, effects and how banks all over the world have made attempts to monitor, mitigate, transfer and at times, accept the risk.
This presentation provides complete study ofcredit risk management,how it was performed in yester years ,how it is taken care nowadays and what is the road ahead in future
Adrian Blundell-Wignall, OECD: "An optimal bank structure?"Global Utmaning
A presentation held by PhD Stefano Pagliari, Departement of International Politics, City University London, at the high level seminar "Towards a sustainable financial system", hosted by the Stockholm based think tank Global Challenge in cooperation with London School of Economics and Swedish House of Finance on September 12th 2013.
Week-9 Bank RegulationMoney and Banking Econ 311Tuesdays 7 .docxalanfhall8953
Week-9 Bank Regulation
Money and Banking Econ 311
Tuesdays 7 - 9:45
Instructor: Thomas L. Thomas
Capital Adequacy Management
Bank capital helps prevent bank failure
The amount of capital affects return for the owners (equity holders) of the bank
Regulatory requirement – Regulatory Capital – Tier 1 and Tier 2 Basle Rules
Economic Capital - What is this
2
Capital Adequacy Management:
Returns to Equity Holders
3
Traditional Economic Capital Value-At-Risk (VaR) View
Frequency of Occurrence / Probability
Mean/Average Expected Losses (m)
Unexpected Losses @ 99.9% confidence Level (s)
Economic Capital
Reserves
Value-at-Risk
VAR
Before we can develop adequate credit stress testing we need to understand the differences between traditional credit loss measures and what stress tests incorporate.
Aside form standard concentration and coverage analysis, a standard portfolio credit risk analysis typically employs a Value-at-Risk view.
Credit risk in this view generally follows a positive skewed distribution (by definition one cannot have negative defaults and thus a normal distribution is not applicable).
Reserves ALLL generally cover average expected losses over a horizon. In reality these are usually allocated to general reserves since most ALLL have two components: general reserves and specific reserves for known credits that are detraining.
Economic capital functions as a cushion against unexpected loss up to some confidence level. In this case 99.9% or a single “A” rating is the regulatory standard (once every 10,000 years)
In addition to a loss cushion economic capital represents the amount of the firm’s equity that is at risk which requires a return sufficient to cover the associated risk.
The shape of the curve or tail will then reflect the underlying credit risk of the portfolio or product.
However this view has some assumptions that can miss important risk elements.
The distribution is generally based on one variable PD in this case and does necessarily fully account for other correlated factors that when combined either change the tail or increase the likelihood of default.
Second, while the event may be rare, this methodology does not tell how severe or the magnitude of the event when it occurs beyond the confidence level prescribed for economic capital.
4
Old Measure: New Ones
RAROC - Risk Adjusted Return on Capital
EVA - Economic Value Added.
Hurdle Rate – What is it. How is it measured?
5
Time Line of the Early History of Commercial Banking in the United States
6
Historical Development of the Banking System
Bank of North America chartered in 1782
Controversy over the chartering of banks.
National Bank Act of 1863 creates a new banking system of federally chartered banks
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Dual banking system
Federal Reserve System is created in 1913.
7
Asymmetric Information and Financial.
Ratios are relatively unimportant in isolation. For maximum value, we should monitor trends (e.g., ratio this quarter compared to the previous quarter) and compare our ratios to peer averages or another type of benchmark (i.e., ratio compared to other credit unions with similar characteristics).
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
11. Federal Reserve Balance Sheet (January 2010 vs July 2009 vs July 2008) ($ Billions, H.4.1 Release, Table 10) Assets Liabilities + Capital T-Bills (18/18/22) Federal Reserve Notes (879/870/793) T-Notes/Bonds (708/618/402) TIPS (47/48/40) Depository Institution Deposits (1,135/809/23) Federal Agency Debt (161/102/0) Mortgage-Backed Securities (969/526/0) Repurchase Agreements (0/0/117) Reverse Repurchase Agreements (64/66/43) Term Auction Credit (76/274/150) U.S. Treasury, General Account (124/65/4) Primary Credit (18/34/14) U.S. Treasury, Supplementary Financing (5/200/0) Secondary Credit (1/0/0) Seasonal Credit (0/1/1) Asset-backed CP MMMF Liquidity Facility (0/8/0) AIG Credit (25/43/0) Term Asset-back Security loan Facility ((298/26/0) Foreign Official Deposits (3/2/2) Commercial Paper Funding LLC (14/111/0) Money Market Investor Funding (0/0/0) Maiden Lane I, II, III LLC (64/60/29) Capital Paid In (26/25/5) Surplus (25/21/3) Central Bank Liquidity Swaps (6/112/62) Other Capital (1/4/1) Total Assets (2,295/2,074/913) Total Liabilities & Capital (2,295/2,074/913) Italicized accounts represent new policy tools
23. Asymmetric Information Adverse Selection Moral Hazard Stopping “bad credit risks” from becoming borrowers Stopping borrowers from becoming “bad credit risks” Screening process Monitoring process Loan applicants Approve Deny Loan signing date Performing Non-performing A situation where 1 party has more info than the other party Loan department Collections department potential bad credit risks are the ones who most actively seek out loans the lender runs the risk that the borrower will engage in risky activities that make it less likely that the loan will be paid back “ The business of banking is the business of collecting information” Good C.R. Bad C.R. 2 types
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