This document describes properties of matter. It discusses physical properties like density, state of matter, thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and solubility. These can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. It also discusses chemical properties like combustibility and reactivity that involve changes in the substance. Physical changes alter properties but don't make new substances, while chemical changes form entirely new substances. Signs of chemical changes include odor/color changes, temperature changes, bubble or precipitate formation.

1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Describing Matter

2. How would you describe
yourself so that
someone else could
identify you?
• On a separate sheet of paper,
write as many physical
descriptions of yourself as you
can. Do not put your name on
the paper.

3. Physical Properties
• A property of matter that can be
observed or measured without
changing the identity of the matter.
• Physical properties identify matter.
• Examples include but are not limited to:
• Density
• Malleability
• Ductility
• Solubility
• State
• Thermal Conductivity

4. Physical Properties
• Density
• Amount of mass in a given volume
• A substance is always the same at a given
pressure and temperature regardless of
the size of the sample of the substance.
• The density of one substance is usually
different from that of another substance.
• Density equals mass divided by volume.
• D = m / v

5. Practice
• A bar of copper has a mass of
216 g and a volume of 24 cmᴲ.
• What is the density of copper?
• The volume of a candy bar is 55
cmᴲ. The mass of the candy bar
is 70 g. What s the density of
the candy bar?

6. More Practice
• An ice cube has a volume of 36
cmᴲ. If the ice cube has a mass
of 33.2 g, what is the density of
the ice cube?
• What is the density of water?

7. Still More Practice
• At 4⁰C, pure water has a density
of 1 g/mL (1 g/cmᴲ). Suppose
that you have 2 liters of pure
water at this temperature.
What is the mass of this water?
What is the mass of ethyl alcohol
that

8. And Yet, Two More : )
• What is the mass of ethyl alcohol
that exactly fills a 200.0 mL
graduated cylinder. The density of
ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL.
• What is the volume of a silver
metal that has a mass of 2500.0 g.
The density of silver is 10.5 g/cmᴲ

9. • Malleability
• The ability to be pounded into thin sheets.
• Example:
• Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into
sheets to make foil.
• Ductility
• The ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire
• Example
• Copper in wiring – soldering wires or joints
Physical Property

10. Physical Property
• Solubility
• The ability to dissolve in another
substance.
• Example:
• Sugar or salt dissolve in water
• Three ways to increase solubility
• Heat or make warmer
• Grind or smash
• Stir or mix

11. Physical Property
• State of Matter
• The physical form in which a
substance exists at room
temperature, such as:
• Solid – matter has a definite shape and
volume
• Liquid – matter takes the shape of its
container and has a definite volume
• Gas – matter changes in both shape and
volume

12. Physical Property
• Thermal Conductivity
• The ability to transfer thermal
energy from one area to another.
• Examples:
• Plastic foam is a poor conductor, so a
hot drink won’t burn your hand.
• The inside of the toaster (hot coils)

13. Chemical Property
• A property of matter that
describes a substance based on
its ability to change into a new
substance with different
properties.
• Combustibility
• Flammability
• Reactivity
• Acids
• Bases
• Oxidation

14. Chemical Properties
 Can be observed with your senses.
 Are Not as easy to observe as
physical properties
Example:
 Flammability – Only when wood
burns
 Combustibility – Only when
fireworks explode
 Reactivity – Only when iron
Oxidizes (rust)

15. Physical Change
• A change that affects one or more
physical properties of a
substance.
• Do Not form new substances.
• Can often be Undone
• Example Butter on counter can be
placed back in refrigerator.
• Change of State
•Solid to Liquid
•Liquid to Gas

16. Chemical Change
• A change that occurs when one or more
substances are changed into entirely new
substances with different properties.
• Can Not change back under normal
conditions (some can be changed back by
other chemical means)
• Common Examples:
• Reactivity – Oxidation (rust) on a bicycle
• pH (Acid / Base) – Effervescent tablets
• Flammability – Burnt wood
• Combustibility - Fireworks

17. 5 Signs of a Chemical
Change
• The only sure way to know
there has been a chemical
change is the observance of a
new substance formed
• Sometimes that is hard to do, so
look for the signs…….

18. Sign 1 a Chemical Change
• Odor Production-this is an odor
far different from what it should
smell like
• Ex: Rotting eggs, food in fridge,
decomposing flesh

19. 2nd Sign of a Chemical Change
• Change in Temperature
• Exothermic-When energy is
released do during the chemical
change ex: wood burning

20. Change in Temperature
• Endothermic- Energy is
absorbed causing a decrease in
temperature of the reactant
material ex: cold pack in first
aid kit

21. 3rd Sign of a Chemical Change
Change in Color
Ex: fruit changing color when it
ripens, leaves changing color in
the Autumn, dying your hair

22. 4th sign of a Chemical Change
• Formation of Bubbles
• This can indicate the presence
of a gas. Bubbles produced
when boiling water is not a
chemical change.

23. 5th Sign of a Chemical Change
• Formation of a Precipitate
• When two liquids are combined
and a solid is produced