Mini monovision versus multifocal iol
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This journal completely describes that mini-monovision IOL could improve spectacles free to pseudophakic patients
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2. Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from an optically dense to rare medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to reflect back into the dense medium.
3. Spherical lenses use thin lens equations and sign conventions to determine image location based on the object position, focal length, and refractive indices of the lens and surrounding media.
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- The refractive index of a material is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in the material. It characterizes how much light bends when entering the material.
- Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from a denser to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing it to reflect back rather than refract. This principle is used
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1. Refraction of light at interfaces and how refractive index is defined. Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from higher to lower index medium at an angle greater than the critical angle.
2. Optical phenomena like diffraction, scattering, polarization are discussed. Refractive errors and accommodation are also covered.
3. Optical aberrations like spherical aberration and chromatic aberration are properties of thick lenses. Laser components and mechanisms of laser tissue damage complete the summary.
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Illumination - Method of calculation
There are three main methods for lighting calculations: 1) Watts per square meter, 2) Lumen or light flux, and 3) Point to point or inverse square law. The lumen method is used to estimate illumination patterns from diffuse lighting sources over a broad area. It determines the total installed luminous flux (Φinst) needed to provide the required received flux (Φrec), taking into account the maintenance factor and utilization factor. The utilization factor depends on luminaire properties, room reflectance, distribution of light sources, and the room index. The number of lamps required is calculated as the product of the required flux and area divided by the lamp lumen output and adjustment factors.
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Polypill poster Istanbul, Nov 2014
1) The study examined the use of a polypill (containing medications for blood pressure, cholesterol, etc.) in treating recalcitrant center-involving diabetic macular edema (CSME) in 30 patients over one year.
2) Primary outcomes were improvement in visual acuity and central macular thickness, which both significantly improved over the year. Secondary outcomes including blood pressure and lipid levels also significantly improved.
3) The polypill appeared to be a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for recalcitrant CSME, likely by improving medication compliance and systemic parameters. Larger future studies are warranted to further evaluate its utility.
Myopic cnvm Baroda Ophthalmic society 2014
This document describes the case of a 66-year-old male who presented with decreased vision in his right eye over the past week. He had a history of pseudophakia, high myopia, and cataract surgery in his right eye 5 years ago. Examination revealed a myopic choroidal neovascularization in his right eye, for which he received an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. His vision improved to 6/36 after treatment and remained stable at subsequent follow-up visits.
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Multifocal io ls tips for increasing patient satisfaction
This document discusses tips for increasing patient satisfaction with multifocal IOLs. It notes that satisfaction is inversely related to expectations, and pre-operative vision and the vision in the other eye impact expectations. A accurate assessment of the patient's pre-operative vision is important, as is considering any comorbidities. The choice of IOL depends on experience and evidence, and monofocals have advantages in clarity and contrast sensitivity. Thorough pre-operative counseling is emphasized to set appropriate expectations about potential issues like glare and reduced contrast sensitivity.
IOL Selection- What to Ask and What to Tell Patients
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting an intraocular lens (IOL) for cataract surgery. It notes that the patient's visual goals, the surgeon's expertise, and improvements in IOL technology all converge to determine the best IOL choice. Key factors include visual quality, patient expectations and needs, IOL design, and the surgeon's experience. Age-related eye changes and aberrations must also be addressed. Newer "multifocal light" IOLs aim to provide good distance and near vision with fewer side effects compared to traditional multifocal IOLs. The continual goal is high quality vision correction taking into account higher order aberrations like spherical aberration.
Intra Oular Lenses
Sir Harold Ridley was the first to successfully implant an intraocular lens in 1949 using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Early intraocular lenses had high complication rates of dislocation and glaucoma. The evolution of intraocular lens design led to foldable lenses made of silicone and acrylic materials that are implanted in the capsular bag for better stability and lower complication rates. Modern multifocal and toric intraocular lenses provide patients with independence from glasses by correcting presbyopia and astigmatism. Precise biometry and surgical technique are important for optimal outcomes with premium intraocular lenses.
Fundus fluorescein angiography
Fundus fluorescein angiography is a technique that uses fluorescein dye and retinal imaging to visualize the circulation of blood through the retina and choroid. The dye is injected and passes through the retinal and choroidal vessels, allowing visualization of the vascular anatomy and detection of abnormalities. First, the short posterior ciliary arteries and choroid are seen filling after 10-15 seconds. Then the retinal arteries, capillaries and veins are seen between 11-18 seconds. The peak phase for imaging is between 20-25 seconds when the juxtafoveal and perifoveal capillaries are most prominent. Abnormal findings include areas of blocked fluorescence from media opacities, vascular filling defects,
000267 pterygium and_topical_bevacizumab
Topical bevacizumab was used as an adjunct to conjunctival autograft surgery for 17 patients with primary pterygium. No patients experienced recurrence of the pterygium over the 2-year follow-up period. The topical regimen of bevacizumab, flurbiprofen, and artificial tears was well tolerated with minimal side effects. The authors conclude that topical bevacizumab may be a safe and effective alternative to prevent pterygium recurrence compared to other options like mitomycin C or radiation therapy that have greater risks of side effects. Larger controlled studies are still needed.
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