This document provides an overview of minerals found in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has extensive but largely unexploited mineral reserves across 600,000 square kilometers, including metals like iron, zinc, copper, and precious metals. It also lists the major mineral producing regions and the types of minerals found in each province, such as coal, salt, limestone and gems. However, Pakistan's mining industry currently only contributes 0.5% to GDP due to underinvestment and lack of modernization.

2. MINERALS
 A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance
 A naturally occurring, stable at room temperature,
definite chemical formula, abiogenic, ordered atomic
arrangement
 Different from rock, which an aggregate of minerals or
non-minerals, indefinite composition

3. MINERAL IN PAKISTAN
 Extensive Reservoirs
 Mostly unexploited
 Area of 600,000 sq. km has potential for metallic
and non-metallic minerals
 Inputs for industry as Iron, Zinc, Copper, Gold,
Silver, Platinum, Lead, Chromite, etc.
 Vast potential of multi-colored granite, marble
and other stones

4. CONTINUE….
 Contribute 0.5% GDP only
 52 main minerals under exploitation though on small
scale
 Major production is coal, rock salt and other
industrial & construction minerals
 Value addition in the mineral sector is focused on
Limestone, Coal, Gypsum, Sulphur, Crude Oil, and
Natural Gas

5. CONTINUE….
 Mining industry dominated by;
 Punjmin (8 minerals)
 Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (11)
 FATA Development Corporation (10)
 Balochistan Development Authority (Flourite)
 KP Development Authority (4)
 AK Mineral & Industrial Development Corp. (12)
 Pakistan Steel (Limestone)

6. PROBLEMS
 Weak Mineral Departments
 Mining vs Environment
 Understaffing of regional directorates
 Lack of technical know-how
 Lack of interest of foreign investors
 Lack of interest of environmentalists
 Capital for Exploration

7. NEEDS FOR IMPROVEMENT
 Foreign Investment
 Private Sector Investment
 Modern Management
 Large Capital
 Technical Knowledge

8. MAIN METALLIC MINERALS OF
PAKISTAN
 Aluminum
 Iron Ore
 Copper
 Chromite Ore
 Zinc/ Lead
 Calcium
 Magnesium
• Antimony
• Arsenic
• Gold
• Graphite
• Glass Sand
• Tungsten

9. MAIN NON-METALLIC MINERALS OF
PAKISTAN
 Coal
 Phosphates
 Rock Salt
 Asbestos
 Limestone
 Kaolin
 Brine
 Marble
• Potash
• Silica Sand
• Sulphur
• Natural Gas
• Oil
• Mica
• Radioactive
Minerals

10. MINERALS IN PUNJAB
 Iron Ore: Large deposits in Kalabagh & Mianwali
district
 Coal: Salt Range & Markawal (235 million tons)
 Gypsum: 2nd largest: Daud Khel (Mianwali) has
53 million tons, Rakhi-Munh, Khewra and Safed-
Koh-Rodo area and in Suleman Ranges near D.G.
Khan
 Salt: Salt Range 160 km, b/w Jhelum & Indus
 Khewra, Warcha, Kalabagh, Bhadurkhel, Jatta, & Karak
by PMDC and Chakwal and Khushab by Punj MDC
 600 million tons as estimated by PMDC

11. MINERALS IN PUNJAB
 Lime Stone: Range Pothar, Margalla Hills,
Zinda Pir
 Aluminum: Khushab District, Low grade
quality
 Calestine: 83% strontium Sulfate,
 used in signal rockets, tracer bullets, warning fuse
and fireworks
 Strontium in ceramics, paints, plastic, etc.
 Daud Khel Western Salt Range
• Natural Gas: Uch and Adhi (R.Pindi)
 18 Mcf/day of gas, 62 tons/ day LPG and 300 Barrels/ day NGL

12. MINERALS IN SINDH
 Coal: 184 million/ 185 billion total in Pak
 One of the biggest good quality lignite deposits
 Salt: Coastal Area of Karachi, High purity salt
 Limestone: Ganjo Takkar, Murli Hills, Mango Pir, Cape
Monze, Kot Diji, and Ranipir.
 Alum: Kirthar Nits
 Carbonate Soda: Nara Taluka (Khairpur), Nawabshah,
Umerkot, Shah Bandar, etc.

13. MINERALS IN SINDH
 China Clay: Nagar Parkar, Tharparkar
 Contain 16-31% clay, also known as Kaoline
 Natural Oil: Khashkheli, Laghari, Tando Alam (Lower
Sindh)
 Natural Gas: Khairpur, Kandkot, Mari, Golachi and
Khaskheli

14. MINERALS IN KP
 Chromite: Dargai (0.7Mt), Heroshah (0.1) Jijal-pattan
and Chilas (0.2)
 Pakistan is Major Exporter of Chromite
 Coal: Kandkot, Marri (small but good quality)
 Bauxite: Hazara District, Hangu, Cherat
 Gypsum: DI Khan, Kohat (4442Mt)
 Largest Resources in KP
 Phosphate: Abbotabad, Hazara

15. MINERALS IN KP
 Magnesite: Kumhar (Abbotabad) – 11 Mt
 Limestone: Quality extensive deposits in KP and NA
 Annual Production 8700 matric tons
 China Clay: Shah Dheri (Swat)
 Annual Production 61, 400 matric tons
 Marble: 158/ 162 million tons in KP
 Gem Stone: Emerald, Ruby, Topaz, Peridot

16. MINERALS IN BALOCHISTAN
 Aluminum: Large Deposits,
 Kalat, Ziarat, Loralai
 Iron Ore: 930 million tons
 Copper: Saindak and Reko-diq
 Chromite: Muslim Bagh, Noshki, Ras-Koh
 Zinc: Lasbela-Khuzdar belt (world class)
 Coal: Hamai, Duki, Pir Ismail, (217 million t)
 Natural Gas: Pirkok, Sui, Mazarani, (31 Tcf)

17. MINERALS IN BALOCHISTAN
 Gypsum: 2000 million tons
 Marble: (2 million tons) High Quality
 Gems:
 Chagi: Garnet, Azurite, Malachite, Lapis
 Panjgur: Quartz
 Killa Abdullah: Aragonite
 Khuzdar: Aragonite