The Geological Survey of Pakistan is responsible for studying Pakistan's geology and assessing its resource potential. It undertakes geological mapping, research, and investigations to understand the country's geological resources and support their management. It aims to expedite data publication, complete geological mapping, establish an open file system for investors, and develop the Geodata Centre of Pakistan. The GSP has completed reconnaissance mapping, systematic mapping, geophysical and geochemical surveys. It has also drilled many boreholes. Notable achievements include discoveries like the Dilband iron, Duddar-Gunga-Surmai lead-zinc, Saindak and Reko Diq copper-gold deposits, and delineation of the large Thar coal deposit.

1. THE ROLE OF THE
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF
PAKISTAN
TO FOSTER MINING DEVELOPMENT

2. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PAKISTAN
an attached department of the Federal Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Resources
The Geological Survey of Pakistan is responsible for the
study of geology of the country in all pertinent details and
to assess its geological resource potential. It undertakes:
Geological mapping and other geoscientific surveys,
Basic and applied research in earth sciences,
Scientific investigations for an accurate understanding
of the country’s geological resources and their
prudent management, and
Environmental geology and hydrogeological studies

3. GSP’s Role Under The National Mineral Policy
1- To expedite the publication of geological, geophysical and
geochemical data and maps
2- To produce Geological maps of the entire country on a 1:250,000
scale. Priority areas to be mapped on 1:50,000 scale
3- To operate an open file system for the potential investors
4- To undertake collaborative projects with the constituting
provinces and the private sector
5- To establish the Geodata Centre of Pakistan for the collection,
dissemination, storing and updating of data of the country as a
whole and also to make it available in print and electronic
formats

4. (Organisation)
Headquarters at Quetta
Divisional Offices at Lahore, Karachi &
Peshawar
Regional Office, Muzaffarabad
Environment Division, Islamabad
GSP Geoscience Research Centre,
Islamabad

5. DIRECTOR GENERALDIRECTOR GENERAL
GSP Headquarter
Office, Quetta
GSP Headquarter
Office, Quetta
GSP H8
Islamabad
GSP H8
Islamabad
GSP Geoscience
Research Centre,
Islamabad
GSP Geoscience
Research Centre,
Islamabad
DRILLING
BRA NCH
DRILLING
BRA NCH
CHEMISTRY
BRA NCH
CHEMISTRY
BRA NCH
GEOPHY SICS
BRA NCH
GEOPHY SICS
BRA NCH
GSP
Karachi
GSP
Karachi
GSP
Peshawar
GSP
Peshawar
GSP
Lahore
GSP
Lahore
Store & WorkshopStore & Workshop
Establishment & AccountsEstablishment & Accounts
GEOLOGIST 57 GEOPHYSICIST 13 DRILLER 12 CHEMIST 06 TOTAL 88GEOLOGIST 57 GEOPHYSICIST 13 DRILLER 12 CHEMIST 06 TOTAL 88
ORGANIZATION CHART
GEOLOGIST 19
TOTAL 19
GEOLOGIST 19
TOTAL 19
GEOLOGIST 2
GEOPHYSICIST 1
CHEMIST 2
TOTAL 5
GEOLOGIST 2
GEOPHYSICIST 1
CHEMIST 2
TOTAL 5
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 01
DRILLER 07
CHEMIST 04
TOTAL 35
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 01
DRILLER 07
CHEMIST 04
TOTAL 35
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 04
DRILLER 06
CHEMIST 09
TOTAL 42
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 04
DRILLER 06
CHEMIST 09
TOTAL 42
GEOLOGIST 16
TOTAL 16
GEOLOGIST 16
TOTAL 16
PUBLICATION
BRA NCH
PUBLICATION
BRA NCH
PETMIN
BRA NCH
PETMIN
BRA NCH
PLANNING &
INFORMA TION
PLANNING &
INFORMA TION
SEDIMENTARY
GEOLOGY BRANCH
SEDIMENTARY
GEOLOGY BRANCH
PHOTO-
GRAMMETARY &
SURVEY BRANCH
PHOTO-
GRAMMETARY &
SURVEY BRANCH
WESTERN ZONE
BALOCHISTAN
WESTERN ZONE
BALOCHISTAN
ADMIN., ACCOUNT & OTHERS 56 TOTAL 56ADMIN., ACCOUNT & OTHERS 56 TOTAL 56
MUSEUMMUSEUM LIBRARYLIBRARY

6. ACHIEVEMENTS
Reconnaissance mapping on 1:250,000 scale of the
entire outcrop region of the country has been
completed
Systematic geological mapping of about 50% of the
outcrop region on 1:50,000 scale has been completed
apart from from the large scale mapping of the
priority areas of identified mineral deposits
Aeromagnetic survey of an area of 112,000 sq. km has
been carried out in the Provinces of Balochistan &
Sindh

7. ACHIEVEMENTS
(Continued)
About a 188,000 sq. km. of an area has
been covered by different types of
geophysical surveys and 15,000 sq. km. by
geochemical surveys
2,746 bore holes with a cumulative depth of
525,000 metres have been drilled in support
of mapping, research, mineral exploration,
engineering & hydrogeological
investigations

8. MAP SHOWING OUTCROP AREA OF PAKISTAN
TOTAL OUTCROP
AREA = 599,794 Km2

9. STATUS OF REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING ON 1:250,000 SCALE

11. DATA ON REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL
MAPPING COVERAGE IN PAKISTAN

12. MAP SHOWING STATUS OF GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS

13. STATUS OF AEROMAGNETIC COVERAGE AND AREA FOR
AIRBORNE SURVEY

14. i l
K a r a c h i
Q u e t t a
L a h o r e
I S L A M A B A D
M u z a f f a r a b a d J A M M U
A N D
K A S H M I R
( D i s p u t e d T e r r i t o r y )
P e s h a w a r
25
G i l g i t
S k a r d u
M etallic M in erals
MAJOR ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITS OF PAKISTAN (2003)
C o al
Oil
Ga s
Ur aniu m
Oil & Gas
LEGEND
C hr om ite
M ang anese
I ro n or e
C o pp er / G old
Z inc- Lead
Do lom ite
Feld spar
Gy p su m ( inclu din g an hy d rite)
M agn esite
R o ck salt
So apsto ne / Talc
Ph osp hate
Notes:-
1- The ma p shows only the m ajor econom ic min eral de posits of Pakista n
which are either presently i n production or are likely to co me into produ ction
by 2005.
2- M in eral sh owings and occurrences o f academ ic im portan ce are exclud ed.
3- Bul k m ineral s and bu ildi ng/con structi on raw m aterial s li ke sand , gravels,
li me stone etc., a re not shown.
N on-M etallic M inerals
Dimension St ones
Ar ago nite/M arb le
Gr anite
On yx mar ble
Fuels
C hemical , Fertil izer &
Industrial M ineral s
B arite ( Ba ry tes)
Silica san d
B en to n it e
C h i n a c la y
Fir e c la y
Fu lle r’s earth
C lays
E m e r a l d
R u b y
To paz
To urm aline
Gemstones
P e r id o t
Aq uam arin e
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 K m
Government of Pak istan
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP)
Compiled by: Joozer Marzban & Nazar-ul-IslamGS P c 2003
27
29
61 63 65
31
67
33
35
37
71
7573
Saindak
Dilband Iron
Thar coal
Reko Diq
Gunga
Duddar

15. ACHIEVEMENTS
Besides cement raw material, Pakistan had been
producing only 5 minerals at the time of the
independence.
At present Pakistan is producing 40 minerals; of
these about 20 are being exploited in Balochistan
Almost all the minerals now being mined in the
country had been explored/discovered by the
Geological Survey of Pakistan

16. Major and Important mineral finds
Dilband Iron Ore Deposit
Haemetitic Iron ore with above 40% Fe2O3
Reserves > 200 million tonnes. 10% of Dilband ore
blended with imported ore will save millions of rupees in
foreign exchange for the country. GSP has helped BME to
drill evaluate the deposit for beneficiation, and
exploitation. Mining has already been started and supply
to Pakistan Steel is in progress
Duddar-Gunga-Surmai Lead-Zinc Deposit
Combined Lead-Zinc Ore with 7% Zn & 3.2% Pb
Reserves = 28 million tonnes

17. Saindak & Reko Diq Copper - Gold Deposit
Saindak
Reserves > 400 million tonnes
Copper = 0.4 % with 1.7 million tonnes
Gold = 2 .24 million ounces
Reko Diq Copper – Gold Deposit
One of the world’s biggest deposit discovered by GSP in 1978-79
Presently M/S TCC is investing 150 million US $ to develop the deposit
which is expected to start production within 2 years.
Reserves > 800 millions tonnes
Copper = 0.64% with 50 million tonnes
Gold = 9 million ounces
ACHIEVEMENTS

18. Thar Coal Deposit
Reserves > 175.00 billion tonnes
Coal Rank lignite to sub-bituminous
Proved Reserve in 360 sq. kms. area (Four Blocks)
with > 200 boreholes > 2.70 billion tonnes
B.T.U. 5,780 to 6,398
Sulphur 0.92 % to 1.2 %
Moisture 43 % to 49 %
Indicated Reserves > 9.00 billion tonnes
Sufficient for generation of 40,000 MW
Electric Power
ACHIEVEMENTS

19. • Based on the GSP’s investigations M/S
Shenhua Group of China have selected a
part of the area for development of a mine
for installation of power plant. The work is
to start during this month
• M/s Rein Braun of Germany are carrying
out Bankable feasibility studies in one of
the blocks.

20. Site for the Quaid-e-Azam
Mausoleum, Karachi
Dam site Studies
HydrogeologyEngineering Geology
ACHIEVEMENTS
(Continued)
• Warsak
• Mangla
• Tarbela
• Small dams in
Balochistan, NWFP &
Punjab
Delineation of Buried
Karezes in the Satellite
Town, Quetta
Discovery of Hard Rock
Aquifers in the Quetta
Valley (2000)
Ziarat, Sanjavi and Kalat
(2002)
Ground Water
Investigations in Mohmand
Agency, NWFP; Rawla
Kot and Plandri Areas
AJK (2003)

21. Karakoram Highway
Seismo-tectonic Zonation
map of Pakistan
Strategic Sites Studies
Omara-Kalmat Kaur
Area for a Naval Base
Geological studies of
Islamabad
HydrogeologyEngineering Geology
ACHIEVEMENTS
(Continued)

23. Systematic Evaluation and Appraisal of Coal
Resources of Four Specific Tracts in Thar
Coalfield, Sindh, Pakistan
Exploration and Evaluation of Coal Field of
Loralai and Kohlu District, Balochistan
Bankable Feasibility Study of Thar Coal
Mining
Exploration of Hangu and Karak Coal
Deposits, NWFP, Pakistan
ON GOING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

24. Future Development Plans
1. Airborne Geophysical Survey and connected activities For
Identification of Mineral Potential Areas of Pakistan
2. Accelerated Geological Mapping and Geochemical
Exploration Studies of Prospective Areas of Pakistan
3. Accelerated Groundwater Studies in Balochistan
4. Accelerated Mineral Exploration Programme of The
Geological Survey of Pakistan to Identify New Economic
Mineral Deposits in The Country
5. Ground Follow-up of Aeromagnetic Anomalies in Chagai
District, Balochistan

25. Coordination between licensing
Authority and GSP for
feasibility study by private
sector
Detailed
Exploration
Mine
Development
THE MISSING LINK
GENERALIZED SCHEME SHOWING THE INTERFACE BETWEEN PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE / CORPORATE SECTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
MINERAL DEPOSIT
Pre
Feasibility
Study
By GSP
Geological
Mapping
Regional
Exploration
F
U
N
D
I
N
G
P R O G R E S S

26. Establishment of a Geodata Centre of Pakistan.
Setting up of a Gemmological Research Unit.
Creation of a GSP Geoscience Research &
Training Centre at Islamabad.
Seismo-tectonic Network and Hazard Study
Centre at Islamabad.
International Geology Branch.
Initiation of e-georesearch in Pakistan.
Institutional Strengthening

27. TRAINING FACILITIES REQUIRED
• Modern Techniques in All Disciplines of Earth Sciences
especially in Geological Mapping, Coal Technology,
Geophysical & Geochemical Surveys and Mineral
Exploration & Economics
• GIS Applications in Geology and Mineral Exploration and
Data Management
• Remote Sensing & Satellite Imageries interpretation and
Analysis

28. 1. Besides geological mapping as per its charter GSP should be fully involved
and entrusted to carry out the exploration of mineral deposits identified
during mapping upto the pre-feasibility stage.
2. To make the GSP financially self-sustaining organization a mechanism has
to be developed for having a share from the revenue earned from the
commercial exploitation of mineral resources.
3. GSP should act as an agency for advising the Government of Pakistan on
environmental issues developed as a result of mining activities and
urbanization. Geochemical data will be generated of the mining areas to
monitor the environmental degradation.
4. GSP should act as an advisory agency on the groundwater exploration
particularly in hard rock aquifers in the country.
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

29. 5. GSP should carryout seismo-tectonics studies and provide data to
town planners in urban centres lying in the seismic risk zone.
6. GSP should act as an authentication agency for the geological data
generated by different public & private sector . It should also act
as geodata center in the provinces like GSP Geodata Centre in GSP
Islamabad.
7. In order to safeguard the public interest it is suggested that areas
identified and explored by GSP should not be leased to the private
sector without consultation with GSP. A close coordination
between provincial authorities and GSP is suggested in this regard.
8. GSP should commercialize its exploration activities and may
provide consultancy services to local / foreign investors
9. The re-organization of the service structure of GSP with time scale
promotion to the officers to avoid stagnation of career in future.