This document provides an overview of CNC milling machine programming. It introduces coordinate systems, important G and M codes for functions like linear interpolation, circular interpolation, drilling cycles, tool changes, and coolant control. Example programs are also included to demonstrate programming techniques like loops, mirroring, and subroutines.

1. Welcomes You
TRAINING PROGRAM ON
CNC MILL TRAINER

2. CNC Mill Trainer

3. C0-ORDINATES SYSTEM

4. C0-ORDINATES SYSTEM

5. C0-ORDINATES SYSTEM

6. C0-ORDINATES SYSTEM

7. Programming Key Letters
N - Line / Block number (Used for line identification)
G - Preparatory function
X - X axis designation
Z - Z axis designation
I - Sub parameter distance in X direction
K - Sub parameter distance in Z direction
F - Feed rate designation
S - Spindle speed designation
O - Tool length offset designation
T - Tool Designation
M - Miscellaneous function
B - Starting block number of subroutine
C - End block number of subroutine

8. Important G codes
G00 Rapid Transverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
G04 Dwell in Seconds.
G17 X-Y Plane Selection
G18 X-Z Plane Selection
G19 Y-Z Plane Selection
G22 Call to Subroutine
G28 DO-LOOP Start
G29 DO-LOOP End
G50 Mirror Off
G51 Mirror On

9. Important G codes
G70 Inch units
G71 Metric Units
G72 PCD Drilling Cycle
G73 High Speed Peck Drilling cycle
G76 Rectangular Pocketing
G77 Circular Pocketing
G81 Normal Drilling Cycle
G82 Drilling/Counter Boring Cycle
G85 Normal Boring Cycle
G86 Boring Cycle with Dwell
G90 Absolute Programming Mode
G91 Incremental Programming Mode

10. Important M codes
T Tool Change
M01 Optional program stop
M02 Program end
M03 Spindle on CW
M04 Spindle on CCW
M05 Spindle stop
M08 Coolant on
M09 Coolant off
M10 Job Clamp
M11 Job Unclamp

11. Important M codes
M12 Tool Clamp
M13 Tool Unclamp
M14 Door Close
M15 Door Open
M30 Program end
M61 Job Load
M62 Job Unload
M63 Job Move In
M64 Job Move Out

12. G codes
G00 Rapid Transverse
Format :
G00 X __ Y __ Z __
Example :
Present tool position is X = 0, Z=0.
Required tool position is X=30, Z=-30
The program code is as follows,
G00 X30
G00 Z -30
There is no machining action in G00 cycle.
It is purely rapid positioning cycle for Tool.

13. G codes
G01 Linear Interpolation
Format :
G01 X __ Y __ Z __F__
Here ,
F = Feed rate in mm/min.

14. G codes
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
Format
G02 X__Y __ Z__ I__ J __ K__ F__
G02 X__Y __ Z__ R__ F__
Here ,
X,Y,Z = Final Co-ordinate.
I = Distance between start point & center point
of arc along X-axis.
J = Distance between start point & center point
of arc along Y-axis.
K= Distance between start point & center point
of arc along Z-axis.
R= Radius of Arc ( Used for Less Than 90 Degree )

15. G02 & G03 DIRECTION GUIDE :-
G03 J -VE G02 J -VE
II I
G02 I +VE G03 I -VE
G03 I +VE G02 I -VE
III IV
G02 J +VE G03 J +VE

16. G codes
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
Format :
G03 X__Y __ Z__ I__ J __ K__ F__
G03 X__Y __ Z__ R__ F_
Here ,
X,Y,Z = Final Co-ordinate.
I = Distance between start point & center point
of arc along X-axis.
J = Distance between start point & center point
of arc along Y-axis.
K= Distance between start point & center point
of arc along Z-axis.
R= Radius of Arc ( Used for Less Than 90 Degree )

17. For Circular Turning Aluminium Jobs Feed Rate of 30 is OK.
For Circular Turning Aluminium Jobs Feed Rate of 30 is OK.
For Circular Turning Aluminium Jobs Feed Rate of 30 is OK.
For Circular Turning Aluminium Jobs Feed Rate of 30 is OK.
For Circular Turning Aluminium Jobs Feed Rate of 30 is OK.
M03
G00 X0 Y0 Z10
G00 X7.5 Y20
G01 Z-1 F100
G03 X7.5 Y20 I12.5 J0 F100
G00 Z10
G00 X0 Y0
M05
M30
G03 EXAMPLE

18. G codes
G04 Dwell in Seconds.
Format : G04 I __
G04 P__
Here,
I = specifies dwell in seconds for tool movement.
P = Parameter is given then spindle will stop for
given seconds along with tool movement.

19. G codes
G17 X-Y Plane Selection
Format :
G17
G18 X-Z Plane Selection
Format :
G18
G19 Y-Z Plane Selection
Format :
G19

20. G22 SUBROUTINE CALL
Format : G22 B__ C__
Here ,
B = Start block of part program
C = End block
This code is used for calling a particular part of
program, which may repeat many times through
program.
G codes

21. G28 START OF DO LOOP
G28 B__
G29 END OF DO LOOP
Here ,
B = Value Indicates the no. of Repetition.
G codes

22. Example :
N010 ….
N020 G28 B5
N030 …..} Body OF Do Loop
N060 …..}
N090 G29
Here ,
G28 :- Do Loop Start
B :- No. Of Repetition of Do Loop
G29 :- End Of Do Loop
In this case the blocks numbered N030 to N060 will be
executed 5 times as specified by the I Word.
G codes

23. G codes
G50 MIRROR OFF
G51 MIRROR ON
Format
1ST Quadrant G51 I0.0 J0.0
2ND Quadrant G51 I1.0 J0.0
3RD Quadrant G51 I0.0 J1.0
4TH Quadrant G51 I1.0 J1.0

24. G codes
G70 Inch units
This is the modal command which commands
the controller that the dimensions specified in
blocks following the current block is in the INCH
system.
Format : G70
G71 Metric Units
METRIC format is the default format of
dimensioning.
Format : G71

25. G codes
G72 PCD Drilling Cycle
This cycle is used for drilling holes on a pitch
circle diameter at given angle of spacing
FORMAT :
G72 X __ Y __ Z __ R __ K __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Center point of the PCD
Z = Drilling Depth
R = PCD Radius
K = Angle Spacing.

26. G codes
G73 High Speed Peck Drilling cycle
Format :
G73 X __ Y __ Z __ I __ K __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Drill Hole Co-ordinates
Z = Total Drilling Depth
I = Peck Dwell
K = Peck Depth ( Single Cut )

27. G codes
G76 Rectangular Pocketing
FORMAT :
G76 X __ Y __ Z __ I __ K __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Pocket Size
Z = Pocket Depth
I = Difference between two adjacent cuts
K = Peck (Slice ) Depth

28. G codes
G77 Circular Pocketing
FORMAT :
G77 X __ Y __ Z __ I __ K __ R __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Center of Pocket
Z = Pocket Depth
I = Difference between two adjacent cuts
K = Peck (Slice ) Depth
R = Radius Of Pocket

29. G codes
G81 Normal Drilling Cycle
FORMAT :
G81 X __ Y __ Z __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Drilling Position
Z = Total Depth

30. G codes
G82 Drilling / Counter Boring with Dwell
FORMAT :
G82 X __ Y __ Z __ I __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Drilling Co-ordinates
Z = Pocket Depth
I = Dwell in Seconds

31. G codes
G85 Normal Boring Cycle
FORMAT :
G85 X __ Y __ Z __ F __
Here ,
X & Y = Boring Co-ordinates
Z = Pocket Depth

32. G codes
G90 Absolute Programming Mode
In this mode tool will move w.r.t. the absolute zero
point i.e. X0.000, Z0.000
Format : G90
G91 Incremental Programming Mode
In this mode tool will move the relative distance
in positive or negative direction specified by X and Z.
Format : G91
This mode is applicable for G00, G01, G02 and G03
only.

33. T TOOL CHANGE
Format :
T … O …..
Here ,
T = Tool Number
O = Offset table no.
M codes

34. M01 OPTIONAL STOP
Format :
M01
M02 PROGRAM END
Format :
M02
M codes

35. M03 SPINDLE ON
Format :
M03 S __
Here ,
S = Spindle Speed In RPM
( 200 – 3000 rpm )
M05 SPINDLE OFF
Format :
M05
M codes

36. M08 COOLENT PUMP ON
Format :
M08
M09 COOLENT PUMP OFF
Format :
M09
M codes

37. M10 JOB CLAMP
Format :
M10
This code closes (clamps) the chuck if available.
M11 CHUCK UNCLAMP
Format :
M11
This code opens (de-clamps) the chuck if available
M codes

38. M12 TOOL CLAMP
Format :
M12
This code closes (clamps) the chuck if available.
M13 TOOL UNCLAMP
Format :
M13
This code opens (de-clamps) the chuck if available
M codes

39. M14 DOOR CLOSE
Format :
M14
This code closes the automatic machine door if
available.
M15 DOOR OPEN
Format :
M15
This code opens the automatic machine door
if available.
M codes

40. M30 PROGRAM END & REWIND
Format :
M30
M codes

41. M61 JOB LOAD
Format :
M61
This code runs only in FMS Cycle.
M62 JOB UNLOAD
Format :
M62
This code runs only in FMS Cycle.
M codes

42. M63 JOB MOVE IN
Format :
M63
This code runs only in FMS Cycle.
M64 JOB MOVE OUT
Format :
M64
This code runs only in FMS Cycle.
M codes

43. N010 M03
N020 G51 I0.000 J0.000
N030 G22 B160 C230
N032 G50
N040 G51 I1.000 J0.000
N050 G22 B160 C230
N060 G50
N070 G51 I0.000 J1.000
N080 G22 B160 C230
N090 G50
N100 G51 I1.000 J1.000
N110 G22 B160 C230
N120 G50
G50 , G51 & G22

44. N130
N140 M30
N150
N160 G00 X5.000 Y5.000 Z2.000
N170 G01 Z-1 F100
N180 G01 X20.000 F100
N190 G01 Y10.000 F100
N200 G02 X10.000 Y20.000
I0.000 J10.000 F100
N210 G01 X5.000 Y20 F100
N220 G01 Y5.000 F100
N230 G00 Z10.000
G50 , G51 & G22

45. M03
G00 Z10
G00 X0 Y0 Z2
G72 X30 Y20 Z-10 R15 K90 F100
G00 Z10
G00 X0 Y0
M05
M30
G72 PCD DRILLING CYCLE

46. M03
G00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z10.000
G00 X10 Y25
G00 Z0.000
G73 X10 Y25 Z-10 I2 K3 F100
G73 X20 Y25 Z-10 I2 K3 F100
G73 X30 Y25 Z-10 I2 K3 F100
G73 X40 Y25 Z-10 I2 K3 F100
G00 Z10.000
M05
M30
G73 PECK DRILLING CYCLE

47. M03
G00 Z10
G00 X0 Y0
G00 X30 Y20 Z0
G77 X30 Y20 Z-3 R15 I3 K1 F100
G00 X0 Y0 Z10
M05
M30
G77 CIRCULAR POCKETING

48. N10 M04
*N20 START POINT (X,Y,Z)
N20 G00 X10 Y10 Z0
* LOOP START **
N30 G28 B5
N35 G91
* N40 DEPTH OF CUT
N40 G01 Z-1
*N45-N48 FOR RECTANGULAR POCKET
N45 X40
N46 Y40
N47 X-40
N48 Y-40
N60 G29
** LOOP END **
N65 G90
N66 G00 Z10
N67 X0 Y0
N70 M30
G28 / G29 / G90 / G91
LOOP & INCREMENTAL PROG.

49. WELCOME PROG
N00 M03
N01 G00 X0.000 Y0.000
N03 G00 Z10.000
N04 G01 Z-1.000 F100
N05 G01 Y-40.000 F100
N06 G01 X10.000 Y-10.000
N07 G01 X20.000 Y-40.000
N08 G01 X20.000 Y0.000
N09 G00 Z10.000 ***E**
N10 G00 X45.000 Y0.000
N12 G01 Z-1.000 F100
N13 G01 X30.000 F100
N14 G01 Y-20.000
N15 G01 X40.000
N16 G01 X30.000
N17 G01 Y-40.000
N18 G01 X45.000
N19 G01 Z10.000

50. WELCOME PROG
N20 G00 X55.000 Y0.000
N22 G01 Z-1.000
N23 G01 Y-40.000
N24 G01 X70.000
N25 G01 Z10.000
N26 G00 X90.000 Y0.000
N29 G01 Z-1.000
N30 G03 X90.000 Y-40.000
J-20.000 F100
N31 G01 Z10.000

51. WELCOME PROG
N32 G00 X100.000 Y-10.000
N33 G01 Z-1.000
N34 G01 X100.000 Y-30.000
N35 G03 X120.000 Y-30.000
I10.000 F100
N36 G01 X120.000 Y-10.000
N37 G03 X100.000 Y-10.000
I-10.000 F100
N38 G01 Z10.000
N39 G00 X130.000 Y-40.000
N41 G01 Z-1.000 F100
N42 G01 Y0.000 F100
N43 G01 X140.000 Y-30.000
N44 G01 X150.000 Y0.000
N45 G01 Y-40.000
N46 G01 Z10.000

52. WELCOME PROG
N47 G00 X175.000
N48 G01 Z-1.000
N49 G01 X160.000
N50 G01 Y-20.000
N51 G01 X170.000
N52 G01 X160.000
N53 G01 Y0.000
N54 G01 X175.000
N55 G00 Z10.000
N56 G00 X0.000 Y0.000
N62 G00 Z1
N64 M05
N65 M30