Milestone 2 Guidance For your final project… Most importa.docx

Milestone 2 Guidance
For your final project… Most important…. KEEP IT SIMPLE
• Thank about the equations you are most comfortable with
when it comes to calculating velocities and
energy transfer. Build your device around those situations.
• Start with a pencil sketch!
• Use at least three steps. Your “selected step” for analysis
cannot be your first or last step because you
need to analyze the transitions before and after your selected
step.
Example:
The only time the initial velocity is zero is if gravity starts the
step’s motion. If there is any sort of interaction
between two objects, the initial velocity of the step is the
velocity of the object AFTER that interaction. In the
above example, the red ball is at rest when the blue ball starts.
The selected step, though, starts with the
velocity that the red ball has picked up from the interaction with
the blue ball.
Any transition that involves contact with moving objects will

have a transfer of energy. For an object that flips
a switch and releases a ball allowing gravity to act on it, there
is work done to flip the switch, but no energy
transferred to the next step.
For Milestone Two, if you chose the step that you will analyze
for your final project, you can use the work you
do for Milestone Two and my feedback to make it all perfect for
the final submission. For Part 1 of this
milestone, you will describe the selected step.
For Part 2 of Milestone 2, we look to the transition between the
previous step and the selected step:
This section has three parts. First, describe in words what is
happening between the two objects at the
transition and how the energy is being transferred. This is just
to set the stage, do not include equations and
numbers in this intro section. The second part is to introduce
the equations you will be using to track the
energy and momentum. Conservation of momentum tells us that
the total momentum before the collision
will equal that total momentum after the collision.
Conservation of energy tells us that the total kinetic
energy before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy
after the collision. The trick is to write the
equations to match those two scenarios. The assignment also
asks you to explain “the connection between

the basic physics concepts in the equations and the interaction
of the object and force(s) from step to step.”
That means you need to explain what numbers you will plug
into the equations, where you will find them and
what you will solve for. The final part of this section is to
perform the calculations and describe how those
numbers indicate the future path of the object in the selected
step.
In Part 3 of Milestone 2, we look at how the energy distribution
changes throughout the course of the
selected step:
We are looking at the changes in kinetic and potential energy as
the ball travels through the selected step.
The total energy remains constant throughout the step. This
example has changes in height, which means
changes in potential and kinetic energy. Your selected step
might not have changes in height, which means
you will not have any changes in how the energy is distributed.
If that is the case, be sure to explain why there
is no change in energy… don’t just skip this part of the
milestone!
For Part 4 of Milestone 2, we go through the exact same process
as we did for Part 2, but we use the
transition to the subsequent step for our analysis.

When I set up my scene, I double clicked (right click on a PC)
on the blue ball and looked for the VELOCITY
option. I set the initial velocity to 3.5 m/sec to kick off the
interaction. In the MATERIALS option, I set the
friction to zero and the restitution to one. A restitution of one
is what makes the collisions elastic and zero
friction will give us constant energy throughout the motion.
After that, I clicked on all objects and surfaces
one at a time to make those same friction and restitution
settings.
Most of all, have fun with it!! Try not to overthink it. Review
the project guidelines again after you finish
writing your project and use the checklist below to make sure it
is complete:
energy through the
interaction between previous and selected
step. What do you know about energy and momentum?
and momentum transfer between steps.
Also indicate what you will measure and what you will solve
for.
standard units.
energy throughout the step, then perform

the calculations showing all work and using standard units. If
there are no energy changes, explain
why the energy does not change. DO NOT SKIP THIS PART
interaction between selected and subsequent
step. What do you know about energy and momentum?
and momentum transfer between steps.
Also indicate what you will measure and what you will solve
for.
standard units.
You can also use the project rubric to ensure each section has
the required amount of detail.
Response 1:
Visual Analytics is a process to transform the approach
information into an opportunity in a way as information
visualization has changed our view on databases, the purpose of
Visual Analytics is to make the frameworks of taking care of
data and information clear for an analytic discourse. Visual
Analytics helps in propelling the gainful evaluation, change and
quick improvement of the strategies and models improving the
data for choosing better decisions. The degree of visual
Analytics can in like manner be depicted similar to the merged
information and communication technology (ICT) key advances
like information visualization, data mining, knowledge
discovery or illustrating, and reenactment" (Janssen, Wimmer
and Deljoo, 2015, p. 325). The two important parts of the model
given by Keim,2008 are information visualization (upper part)
and automated data analysis (lower part). The four pieces of

visual data examination are visualization, Data, Models and
knowledge.
Here I would like to discuss the process between visualization
and models, in perspective on data volume and complexity
information visualization can't be honestly applied. Here comes
the necessity for data analytics. Visualization visualizes the
changed data in the structure where the customer can get data
and assist in building models. At the point when the model is
made the parameters which are ought to have been modified are
then changed and is given to the data which is then moved to
the Data where the additional data mining is finished and the
yield of data mining is given to the models. Right, when all-out
data mining is finished the results are given from the models to
portrayal for model discernment. This system of coordination of
visual and customized data assessment technique is valuable for
expansive and keen decision help.
Visual analytics actions help development that joins the
characteristics of human and electronic data planning,
discernment transforms into the techniques for a semi-robotized
informative strategy, where individuals and machines take an
interest using their specific undeniable capacities for the best
results (Keim, 2008).
Response 2:
Visual data exploration may appear Analytics 101, yet experts
who avoid this progression may pass up significant bits of
knowledge and a more profound comprehension of the data with
which they are working.
On the off chance that something glances wrong in your
data, it presumably isn't right, said Tatiana Gabor, an
investigation supervisor for the income group at music gushing
organization Spotify. Visual data disclosure instruments reliably
rank among examination buyers' top needs. Be that as it may,
the product is regularly conveyed as an end unto itself, with

numerous organizations buying it to work as a self-
administration investigation apparatus for business clients. In
the hands of experienced data researchers, in any case, it can
create much more profound bits of knowledge.
Data exploration is a suggested initial phase in any
investigation, yet examiners frequently simply take a gander at
numbers: rundown measurements like mean, middle and spread.
They don't generally take part in visual data exploration.
A few examiners additionally carry a lot of suspicions to
data and test those immediately by running the data through a
relapse or grouping model. Yet, hopping to these strategies
initially can make an examiner disregard significant highlights
of the data. Data visualization is a basic device in the data
investigation process. Visualization errands can extend from
creating key appropriation plots to understanding the interaction
of complex powerful factors in AI calculations. In this
instructional exercise, we center around the utilization of
visualization for beginning data investigation.
Data visualization is a basic apparatus in the data examination
process. Visualization undertakings can extend from creating
crucial appropriation plots to understanding the interaction of
complex powerful factors in AI calculations. In this
instructional exercise, we center around the utilization of
visualization for starting data investigation.
Visual data investigation is a required initial step whether
progressively formal examination pursues. At the point when
joined with expressive insights, visualization gives a viable
method to recognize synopses, structure, connections, contrasts,
and variations from the norm in the data. In many cases, no
detailed investigation is fundamental as all the significant
determinations required for a choice are apparent from basic
visual assessment of the data. Different occasions, data
investigation will be utilized to help control the data cleaning,
include determination, and examining process.
In any case, visual data investigation is tied in with
researching the attributes of your data set. To do this, we

ordinarily make various plots in an intelligent manner. This
instructional exercise will tell you the best way to make plots
that answer a portion of the basic inquiries we commonly have
of our data.
References:
Bowen Yu, Claudio T. Silva (2019). Florence: A Natural
Language Interface for Visual Data Exploration within a
Dataflow System
Submitted on 2 Aug 2019 (v1), last revised 6 Oct 2019 (this
version, v2)
Zhe Cui, Sriram Karthik Badam, Adil Yalçin, Niklas
Elmqvist(2018). DataSite: Proactive Visual Data Exploration
with Computation of Insight-based Recommendations
Submitted on 23 Feb 2018 (v1), last revised 22 Sep 2018 (this
version, v3)
Response 3:
Information visualization emerged from research in human-
computer interaction, computer science, graphics, visual design,
psychology, and business methods(Shneiderman and Bederson
2003). It allows to intuitively access results of complex models,
even for nonexperts, while not being limited to intrinsic

application fields. In fact, information visualization is
increasingly considered as critical components scientific
research, data mining, digital libraries, financial data analysis,
manufacturing production control, market studies, and drug
discovery (Shneiderman andBederson 2003). The growing
amount of data collected and produced in modern society
contains hidden knowledge that needs to be considered in
decision making. Due to the data connecting the information
visualization (top) and the data mining (bottom) processes
volume and complexity information, visualization can no longer
be applied alone. A new research discipline within information
visualization was introduced. Visual analytics is defined as “the
science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual
interfaces” (Thomas and Cook 2005). The goal of visual
analytics research is the creation of tools and techniques to
enable the user to (a) synthesize information and derive insight
from massive, dynamic, ambiguous, and often conflicting data,
(b)detect the expected and discover the unexpected, (c) provide
timely, defensible, and understandable assessments, and (d)
communicate assessment effectively for action. In contrast to
pure information visualization, visual analytics combines
interactive visualization with automated data analysis methods
to provide scalable interactive decision support. Figure 15.2
shows an adaptation of Keim’s widely accepted process model
for visual analytics (Keim et al. 2008). The visual data
exploration process from information visualization (upper part),
and automated data analysis methods (lower part) are combined
with one visual, and interactive analysis process model. The
users directly included in the model by interactive access to the
process steps. This generic process model makes visual
analytics applicable to a variety of data-oriented research fields
such as engineering, financial analysis, public safety and
security, environment and climate change, as well as
socioeconomic applications and policy analysis, respectively.
The scope of visual analytics can also be described in terms of
the incorporated information and communication technologies

(ICT) key technologies like information visualization, data
mining, knowledge discovery or modeling, and simulation
(Keim et al. 2008). In its framework program seven, the
European Commission (EC) emphasized visualization as a key
technology in the objective for ICT for governance and policy
modeling (European Commission 2010). Recently,
methodologies on how to design and implement information
visualization and visual analytics solutions for data-driven
challenges of domain specialists have been presented (Munzner
2009; Sedlmair et al. 2012). Due to their reflection upon
practical experiences of hundreds of information visualization
and visual analytics research papers, the value of the introduced
methodologies is widely recognized. In these methodologies,
visualization researchers are guided in how to analyze a specific
real-world problem faced by domain experts, how to design
visualization systems that support solving this problem, and
how to validate the design. Considering information
visualization validation, we refer to Lam et al. (2012). Recent
approaches in visual analytics focus on the questions on how to
simplify the access to the analysis functionality of visual
analytics techniques, and on how to present analysis results.
This includes the analysis process with its intermediate steps,
and the findings derived from the visual analytics techniques
(Kosara and Mackinlay2013).
PHY 101 Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
The final project for this course is the creation of an analysis
report. For Milestone Three, you will submit Setup of the
Quantitative Description of Your Rube
Goldberg Device Step.
This milestone is due in Module Five. It will provide an

additional step towards the completion of the final project. This
step should be fully analyzed in the final
submission. Your submission will demonstrate the knowledge of
how to calculate the values that give a quantitative description
of what is going on during the
selected step and at the transitions to/from the neighboring
steps, using the quantitative description as a starting point.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Step Selection: Select a step or stage in the Rube Goldberg
device. Provide a concise description of the step.
II. Previous Step
A. Description: Analyze the behavior of the object in the
interaction between the previous step and the selected step,
qualitatively describing the
transfer of energy that occurs. Which principles of conservation
of energy and momentum can you apply to this behavior?
B. Equations: Provide the equations that can be used to describe
the transfer of energy and the momentum of the object from the
previous step to
the selected step. What is the connection between the basic
physics concepts in the equations and the interaction of the
object and force(s)
from step to step?
C. Calculations: Using the applicable equations you identified,
calculate the transfer of energy and the momentum from the
previous step to the
selected step. How do these calculations help you predict the
object’s location and velocity from the previous step to the step

you selected?
III. Selected Step
B. Equations: If applicable, provide the equations that can be
used to describe the change in type and amount of energy across
the selected step.
C. Energy Calculation: Calculate the amount of energy that is
converted from one form to another form using the changes in
mass and height. For
example, if appropriate for your selected step, you could
calculate the transformation of potential energy to kinetic
energy.
IV. Subsequent Step
A. Description: Analyze the behavior of the object in the
interaction between the selected step and the subsequent step,
qualitatively describing
the transfer of energy that occurs. Which principles of
conservation of energy and momentum can you apply to this
behavior?
B. Equations: Provide the equations that can be used to describe
the transfer of energy and the momentum of the object. What is
the connection
between the basic physics concepts in the equations and the
interaction of the object and force(s) from step to step?
C. Calculations: Using the applicable equations you identified,
calculate the transfer of energy and the momentum from your
selected step to the
subsequent step. How do these calculations help you predict the

object’s location and velocity from the step you selected to the
subsequent
step?
Guidelines for Submission: Submit assignment as a Word
document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman
font, and one-inch margins. Your
paper should be 2- to 3-pages.
Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (75%)
Not Evident (0%) Value
Step Selection Selects and concisely describes step in
Rube Goldberg device
Selects and describes step in Rube
Goldberg device but description is wordy
or vague
Does not select and describe step in Rube
Goldberg device
10
Previous Step:
Description
Accurately analyzes behavior of object in
the interaction between the previous step
and the selected step, qualitatively

describing the transfer of energy that
occurs, and applies principles of
conservation of energy and momentum to
behavior
Analyzes behavior of object in the
interaction between the previous step and
the selected step and applies principles of
behavior but response lacks accuracy,
detail, or qualitative description of
transfer of energy
Does not analyze behavior of object in the
interaction between the previous step and
the selected step and does not apply
principles of conservation of energy and
momentum to behavior
10
Previous Step:
Equations
Provides correct equations for describing
the transfer of energy and momentum of
the object from the previous step to the
selected step and clearly explains the
connection between laws and principles
in the equations and the interaction of the
object and force(s)
Provides equations for describing the
transfer of energy and momentum of the
object from the previous step to the
selected step and explains the connection

between laws and principles in the
equations and the interaction of the
object and force(s), but not all equations
are correct or explanation lacks clarity or
detail
Does not provide equations for describing
the object from the previous step to the
selected step
10
Previous Step:
Calculations
Accurately calculates the transfer of
energy and momentum from the previous
step to the selected step and clearly
explains how the calculations can be used
to predict the object’s location and
velocity
Calculates the transfer of energy and
momentum from the previous step to the
selected step and explains how the
calculations can be used to predict the
object’s location and velocity, but
calculations contain inaccuracies or
explanation lacks clarity or detail
Does not calculate the transfer of energy
and momentum from the previous step to
the selected step
10

Selected Step:
Equations
Provides correct, applicable equations for
describing the change in type and amount
of energy across the selected step
change in type and amount of energy
across the selected step but not all
equations are correct or applicable to
energy changes
the change in type and amount of energy
across the selected step
10
Selected Step: Energy
Calculation
Accurately calculates the amount of
energy converted from one form to
another using changes in mass and height
Calculates the amount of energy
converted from one form to another using
changes in mass and height but with gaps
in accuracy
Does not calculate the amount of energy
converted from one form to another using
changes in mass and height

10
Subsequent Step:
Description
Accurately analyzes behavior of object in
the interaction between the selected step
and the subsequent step, qualitatively
describing the transfer of energy that
occurs, and applies principles of
behavior
Analyzes behavior of object in the
interaction between the selected step and
the subsequent step and applies
momentum to behavior, but response
lacks accuracy, detail, or qualitative
description of transfer of energy
Does not analyze behavior of object in the
interaction between the selected step and
the subsequent step and does not apply
momentum to behavior
10
Subsequent Step:
Equations
Provides correct equations for describing

the object from the selected step to the
subsequent step and clearly explains the
object and force(s)
transfer of energy and momentum of the
object from the selected step to the
subsequent step and explains the
object and force(s), but not all equations
are correct or explanation lacks clarity or
detail
the object from the selected step to the
subsequent step
10
Subsequent Step:
Calculations
Accurately calculates the transfer of
energy and momentum from the selected
step to the subsequent step and clearly
explains how the calculations can be used
to predict the object’s location and
velocity
Calculates the transfer of energy and
momentum from the selected step to the

subsequent step and explains how the
calculations can be used to predict the
object’s location and velocity, but
calculations contain inaccuracies or
explanation lacks clarity or detail
Does not calculate the transfer of energy
and momentum from the selected step to
the subsequent step
10
Articulation of
Response
Submission has no major errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization
Submission has major errors related to
organization that negatively impact
readability and articulation of main ideas
Submission has critical errors related to
organization that prevent understanding
of ideas
10
Earned Total 100%
PHY 101 Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
Running head: QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF YOUR

RUBE GOLDBERG DEVICE STEP 1
QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF YOUR RUBE GOLDBERG
DEVICE STEP 2
Qualitative Description of Your Rube Goldberg Device Step
Calvin Singh
SNHU
PHY 101: Milestone One.
Qualitative Description of Your Rube Goldberg Device Step.
I. Step Selection
a. Select a step or stage in the Rube Goldberg device. Provide a
concise description of the step.
In this step, I will have a rubber block weighing 5kg on a
table being pulled by a falling weight connected via a pulley
using a chain. The rubber block rests 10cm away from the edge

of the table and attains an acceleration of 3m/s^2 in 2 seconds
before falling off the table’s edge. The static friction coefficient
(µs) is 1.0, while the kinetic friction coefficient (µk) is 0.7.
II. Selected Step A. Initial Velocity
a. Calculate the initial velocity of the object in the selected
step.
The initial velocity of the rubber block is 0m/s. This is because
the rubber block is resting stationary on the table. According to
Newton’s first law of motion, a body at rest will stay at rest
until a net external force acts on it (Suleiman, 2018). In the
setup, the net external force due to the falling weight that will
overcome the friction force between the rubber block and the
surface of the table
b. What does the initial velocity of the object tell you about the
behavior of the object?
The 0m/s velocity implies that the rubber block remains in
a state of inertia until the net force due to the falling weight
causes it to move. When the falling weight pulls the rubber
block, the rubber block simultaneously pulls the falling weight.
These forces are opposite in direction and equal in size.
Selected step B. Velocity and Force Calculations
c. Calculate the change in velocity that would be observed
based on kinematics and force principles.
Change in velocity = Final velocity – Initial velocity.
Final velocity = displacement / time.
Final velocity = 10 cm / 2 seconds = 5cm/s =0.05m/s.
Change in velocity = 0.05m/s.
d. Then, use Newton’s Second Law to calculate the force acting
on the object.
Newton’s second states that the acceleration of an object
as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net
force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
(Roeder, 2017).
F = ma.
In the set-up, the force that causes the rubber block to

accelerate towards the table’s edge, ma is equal to the force due
to the weight of the falling weight, mg. These forces are equal
in size and exert in the opposite direction.
F = ma = mg = 5kg × 3m/s^2 = 15N.
Considering the effects of static and kinetic friction,
Static friction, Ff max = µsF =1.0 × 15 = 15N.
Kinetic friction, Ff = µkF =0.7 × 15 = 10.5N
References.
Roeder, J. L. (2017). More on deriving Newton’s second
law. The Physics Teacher, 55(7), 388-388.
Suleiman, R. (2018). Newton's First Law revisited. Journal of
Modern Physics.

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