The document provides an overview of using green fuel blends in diesel engines to save energy and reduce pollution. It discusses various alternative green fuels such as biodiesel, vegetable oils, bioalcohols and their benefits over conventional diesel. The performance of diesel engines using these green fuel blends is also examined. It is found that while fuel consumption may increase, thermal efficiency and reduction in emissions can be achieved. Finally, the document concludes that green fuel blends can replace small amounts of diesel to reduce fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions without modifications to diesel engines.

1. AN OVERVIEW: ENERGY SAVING
AND POLLUTION REDUCTION BY
USING GREEN FUEL BLENDS IN
DIESEL ENGINES
Guided by: Presented by:
Rejin .S Muhammed milash
Asst. Professor Roll no: 30
Mechanical engineering, Mechanical engineering, TKM IT
TKM IT
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2. CONTENTS
Introduction.
Alternative green fuels and conventional diesel fuel reformation .
Diesel engine energy performance with green fuels compared to
conventional diesel fuel.
Influence of green fuels on various pollutant emissions from diesel
engine.
Conclusion.
References.
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Energy crisis, greenhouse gases and global warming.
Pollutant emissions from the transport sector.
The diesel engine: the advantages and the shortcomings.
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4. ALTERNATIVE GREEN FUELS AND
CONVENTIONAL DIESEL FUEL REFORMATION
 Oxygenated fuels
• Oxygenated fuels differ from fossil diesel fuel by the presence of
oxygen content in their chemical structures.
 Biomass-derived fuels/biofuels
• Solid (bio-char), liquid (vegetable oil, biodiesel, bio-oil, bio-
alcohols) and gaseous fuels (bio-hydrogen, syngas, biogas),
which are collectively referred to as biofuels.
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5.  Vegetable oils are derived from oil bearing agricultural products
 Vegetable oil can be used in diesel engine without any modification in
the engine.
 Biodiesel
 Biodiesel, which is composed of fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters , is
basically transesterified vegetable oil , which is biodegradable and
nontoxic.
 The use of biodiesel results in reduced CO, HC, PM and PAHs.
 Vegetable oil
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6.  Alcohols and bioalcohols
 Bio alcohols have been found to have higher octane numbers, which
reduces knocking tendencies in gasoline engines.
 Bio alcohols ensures less pollutant emissions of CO, HC, PAHs and
NOx due to higher oxygen content.
Dieselhols blends
 Dieselhols or Biodieselhols, which are oxygenated fuel blends
comprising of biodiesel, alcohol (mostly ethanol).
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7. Acetone– Butanol–Ethanol blends
 Acetone, butanol and ethanol are produced in the acetone–butanol–
ethanol (ABE) fermentation process.
 These blends tend to decrease the emissions from the internal
combustion engines.
Water–diesel emulsifications
 Mixture of water and diesel.
 Water in diesel emulsions can reduce NOx and PM and improved
combustion efficiency without engine modifications.
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8. DIESEL ENGINE ENERGY PERFORMANCE WITH
GREEN FUELS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL
DIESEL FUEL
Brake specific fuel consumption
Effect of biodiesel on BSFC.
 Most studies using biodiesel blends report increased BSFC at all
operating conditions .
Effect of alcohol addition on BSFC
As reported for the biodiesel, alcohol addition to fuel blends leads to
increased BSFC compared to diesel fuel performance.
Better performance by butanol compared to pentanol.
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9. • Effect of water emulsions on BSFC
 Water emulsions result in comparatively higher BSFCs when
compared to the performance of diesel fuel.
 BSFC increases with increasing water content in the emulsions.
• Effect of other oxygenated additives on BSFC.
 The BSFCs increase with increasing fractions of oxygenated
additives such diglyme and dieselhols containing waste cooking oil
mixed with water containing acetone.
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10.  Break thermal efficiency
Effect of biodiesel on BTE.
BTE increases with increase in amount of bio diesel.
Biodiesel provides better lubrication.
Effect of alcohol addition on BTE.
The BTE increased with increasing butanol content and pentanol
content.
The presence of oxygen in the chemical structure of alcohols initiates
higher combustion efficiencies and reduced heat losses.
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11. Effect water emulsions on BTE.
Water emulsions offer higher break thermal efficiency in comparison
to the base diesel is as a result of the higher oxygen content.
 The improvement in BTE when water is added to fuel is as a result of
ignition delay.
Effect of other oxygenated additives on BTE.
The use of oxygenated additives results in a slight increase in BTE
with increase in level of oxygenation due to short and compact heat
release.
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12. Heat release rate and in-cylinder pressure.
Effect of biodiesel on HRR and in-cylinder pressure.
 Reduced peak heat release rate earlier start of combustion.
The pressure reduced due to high viscosity and low volatility of
biodiesel.
 Effect of alcohol addition on HRR and in-cylinder pressure.
 Using 10% ethanol blend in a diesel engine , there was a slight
ignition delay due to lower cetane number with a corresponding
increase in heat release rate due to increased BSFC.
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13. Exhaust gas temperature
• Effect of biodiesel on exhaust gas temperature.
 Biodiesel blends cause a reduction exhaust gas temperatures for all
test conditions .
 The reduction may be related to a higher cetane number and lower
heating value of biodiesel.
• Effect of alcohol addition on exhaust gas temperature.
 Exhaust temperature decreased with increasing amount of ethanol in
blends.
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14. Effect water emulsions on exhaust gas temperature
Reduces the exhaust gas temperature may be due to the absorption of
heat by the moisture.
Effect of other oxygenated additives on exhaust gas
temperature.
ABE in diesel blends causes lower exhaust gas temperatures due to
more rapid burning of ABE containing fuels with more power being
extracted from the gas .
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16. INFLUENCE OF GREEN FUELS ON
VARIOUS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
FROM DIESEL ENGINE
Nitrogen oxides
Influence of biodiesel blends on NOx emission.
The increased oxygen content in biodiesel increases NOx emissions.
The NOx emission decreased with increasing engine speeds even
though the exhaust gas temperatures increased.
 Influence of alcohol addition on NOx emission.
Alcohol addition, specifically the use of butanol in diesel blends, has
been shown to inhibit NOx formation.
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17. • Influence of Water addition on NOx emission.
 Water containing butanol was successfully used in diesel blends in
proportions of 0.5% and 1% water.
 5% butanol, 0.5% water had a NOx emission reduction of about
23%.
• Influence of ABE-blends on NOx emission.
 The NOx emissions were reduced by 9–16% for ABE20W0.5 as
reported by in dynamometer test.
 Due to a higher latent heat of the fuel blend, NOx emissions are
expected to reduce as there will lower adiabatic temperatures.
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18. Particulate matter
Influence of biodiesel blends on PM emission.
 Increased PM emission dues to an increase in soluble organic fraction
in the exhaust.
The PM emission were reduced by about 7.57–40.9% when using
biodieselhols containing waste cooking oil biodiesel and acetone.
 Influence of alcohol addition on PM emission.
An increasing amount of alcohol addition in butanol–diesel blends
resulted in reduction in PM emissions .
The reduction in PM emission when using alcohol–diesel blends can
be linked with higher oxygen content of the alcohols.
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19.  Influence of Water addition on PM emission.
Particulate matter is greatly reduced when water is added to diesel
blends. because there is provision of the OH radicals to the fuel/air
mixture.
 Influence of ABE-blends on PM emission.
That the blends of ABE and diesel gave off less soot due to oxidation
capacity as a result of a higher oxygen content compared to
conventional diesel.
 Approximately 10.9–22.7% PM reductions were achieved by using
different water containing ABE fractions in diesel blends.
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20. Carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons
 Influence of biodiesel blends on the emission of CO and
HC.
Reduced HC emissions due to the comparative oxygen content in
biodiesel.
Increasing CO and HC reduction with increasing biodiesel content.
 Influence of water addition on the emission of CO and HC.
The emissions of the HC and CO increase with addition of water into
fuel blends as a result of reduced combustion temperatures .
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21. • Influence of ABE-blends on the emission of CO and HC.
Small amount of ABE is advantageous for the air/fuel mixing and
oxidation process, but at higher fractions it is not suitable for the
combustion.
• Influence of other oxygenated fuel blends on the emission
of CO and HC
Ethylene glycol monoacetate leads to lower CO emissions as well as
other oxygenated additives such as dimethoxymethane, dimethyl.
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23. CONCLUSIONS
 Diesel engine have high output power, and better fuel efficiency,
durability, and stability. Green fuel blends help to control pollution
without affecting the performance.
 Green fuel blends can replace small amount of diesel and there by
reduce the fuel consumption and there by reduce the energy crises.
 Green fuel blends reduce the green house gases emission and reduce
the green house effect.
 Green fuel blends can use in diesel engine without any modifications
in the engine.
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24. REFERENCE
 Ithnin AM, Noge H, Abdul Kadir H, Jazair W. An overview of
utilizing water in-diesel emulsion fuel in diesel engine and its
potential research study. J Energy Inst 2014;87:273–88
 Attia AMA, Kulchitskiy AR. Influence of the structure of water-in-
fuel. emulsion on diesel engine performance. Fuel 2014;116:703–8.
 Buyukkaya E. Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance,
emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel 2010;89:3099–105.
 Labeckas G, Slavinskas S. The effect of rapeseed oil methyl ester on
direct injection diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions.
Energy Convers Manage 2006;47:1954–67.
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25. THANKS
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