INFORMATION SOURCES

1. LESSON 5

2. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
•The learners compare potential sources
of media and information.
•Interview an elder from the community
regarding indigenous media and
information resource.

3. SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Demonstrate an ability to examine and compare
information from various sources in order to
evaluate its reliability, accuracy, authority,
timeliness, and bias
•Determine the accuracy, reliability and value of
information by questioning the source of data,
limitations of the information gathering tools or
strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions

4. THINK PAIR ACTIVITY
GUIDE QUESTIONS
•Why does it matter to know if Wikipedia’s
content is credible?
•Aside from Wikipedia, what other sources of
information do you turn to whenever you
want to know about something?
•What is the implication and the effect if a
given source of information is unreliable?

5. LET’S PLAY SENTENCE CHARADES!
• Form a group with 4 members
• One member of the group will pick a piece of paper that contains an
action which he/she will silently perform in front of the second member.
• Second member of the group will be asked to observe and write in
specific detail about the action being performed by the first member.
This includes his observations as well as his/her understanding of the
action being performed.
• After the second member has finished documenting the action being
performed by the first member, he/she will give the document to the 3rd
and 4th member. Then, the 3rd and 4th member writes a summary based
on the document provided by the 2nd member.
• Each group will be doing this in front of the class while other groups are
observing.

11. 3 TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCE
•Records of events or evidence as they are first
described or actually happened without any
interpretation or commentary.
•It is information that is shown for the first time or original
materials on which other research is based.
•Primary sources display original thinking, report on new
discoveries, or share fresh information.
https://www.crk.umn.edu/library/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-sources

12. 3 TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCE
•These sources offer an analysis or restatement of
primary sources.
•They often try to describe or explain primary sources.
They tend to be works which summarize, interpret,
reorganize, or otherwise provide an added value to a
primary source.
https://www.crk.umn.edu/library/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-sources

13. 3 TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES
TERTIARY SOURCE
•These are sources that index, abstract, organize,
compile, or digest other sources.
•Some reference materials and textbooks are considered
tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list,
summarize or simply repackage ideas or other
information.
•Usually not credited to a particular author.
https://www.crk.umn.edu/library/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-sources

14. 1. What is the motto of this Educational
Institution?
2. What team is the current winner of NBA
Finals?
3. Who among in the class are born in the
month of September?
4. What is the first thing that you put in the
pan when cooking Adobo?
THE QUESTIONNAIRE

16. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
• Owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous people.
• Used to develop and produced culturally appropriate
information in the languages understood by the community.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Oral tradition of communication.
• Stored information in memories.
• Information exchange is face-to-face.
• Information is limited within the border of the community.

17. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
ORAL TRADITION
•Form of narration where elders recount their
culture to their children and grandchildren.
•Avenue for communal experiences as elders
share their stories and recall memorable
experiences with their parents and grandparents
as well.

18. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
ORAL TRADITION (EXAMPLES)
LEGENDS (Alamat)
• Fiction which tells about the origin of something
FOLKTALE (Kuwentong Bayan)
• Narration about the characteristics of the time and place which the
story is told.
EPIC (Epiko)
• Heroic adventure of the main characters that sometimes possesses
extraordinary powers.
MYTHOLOGY
• Stories tells lives of mortals that are influence by the gods.

19. LEGENDS

20. FOLKTALE
SI MARIA
MAPANGARAP
http://panitikangpnoy.blogspot.com/p/mga-kwentong-bayan-folktales.html

21. EPIC
BIAG NI
LAM-ANG
https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/lam-ang-hero-of-the-epic-biag-ni-lam-ang-of-the-ilocano/

22. MYTHOLOGY
http://mariitphilippines.blogspot.com/2014/05/ancient-gods-and-goddess-of-philippines.html

23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpF5EZy9ZOY&t=50s

24. LIBRARY
A building or room containing
collections of books, periodicals,
and sometimes films and recorded
music for people to read, borrow, or
refer to.

25. DIGITAL LIBRARY
•A digital repository, or digital collection,
is an online database of digital objects
that can include text, still images, audio,
video, or other digital media formats.

26. DIGITAL LIBRARY
•A digital repository, or digital collection,
is an online database of digital objects
that can include text, still images, audio,
video, or other digital media formats.
https://www.wdl.org/en/

27. DIGITAL LIBRARY
•A digital repository, or digital collection,
is an online database of digital objects
that can include text, still images, audio,
video, or other digital media formats.
http://www.unesco-ci.org/cgi-bin/portals/libraries/page.cgi?d=1

28. LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION
•ACADEMIC
•PUBLIC
•SCHOOL
•SPECIAL

31. SKILLS IN ACCESSING
INFORMATION FROM LIBRARIES
Access tool to use
Information being accessed may be classified
The depth of details required--some libraries
provide only an abstract of the topic
More detailed information might require
membership or some conformity to set rules of
the source (ex databases).

32. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIBRARIES IN TERMS
OF RELIABILITY, ACCURACY AND VALUE
Libraries of published books are often
considered highly reliable, accurate, and
valuable.
Books and documents from dominant sources
are often peer reviewed.
ISSN or ISBN registration ensures that standards
were followed in producing these materials.

34. MUSEUM
An institution that cares for (conserves) a
collection of artifacts and other objects of
artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific
importance.

35. TYPES OF MUSEUM
ARCHAEOLOGY MUSEUMS. They display
archeological artifacts.
ART MUSEUMS. Also known as art galleries. They
are spaces for showing art objects, most commonly
visual art objects as paintings, sculpture, photography,
illustrations, drawings, ceramics or metalwork.
ENCYCLOPEDIC MUSEUMS. They are usually
large institutions and they offer visitors a wide variety of
information on many themes, both local and global.

38. TYPES OF MUSEUM
HISTORIC HOUSE MUSEUMS. A house or a building
turned into a museum for a variety of reasons, most commonly
because the person that lived in it was important or something
important happened in it.
HISTORY MUSEUMS. They collect objects and artifacts
that tell a chronological story about particular locality.
LIVING HISTORY MUSEUMS. Type of a museum in
which historic events are performed by actors to immerse a
viewer and show how certain events looked like or how some
crafts were performed because there is no other way to see them
now because they are obsolete.

42. TYPES OF MUSEUM
MARITIME MUSEUMS. Specialized museums for
displaying maritime history, culture or archaeology.
Show and educate the public about humanity's
maritime past.
MILITARY AND WAR MUSEUMS. Museums
specialized in military histories. Usually organized
from a point of view of a one nation and conflicts in
which that country has taken part.

45. TYPES OF MUSEUM
MOBILE MUSEUMS. Museums that have no specific strict
place of exhibiting. They could be exhibited from a vehicle or they
could move from museum to museum as guests.
NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS. Usually display objects
from nature like stuffed animals or pressed plants. They educate
about natural history, dinosaurs, zoology, oceanography,
anthropology, evolution, environmental issues, and more.
OPEN-AIR MUSEUMS. Characteristic for exhibiting outdoors.
Exhibitions consist of buildings that recreate architecture from the
past.

49. TYPES OF MUSEUM
POP-UP MUSEUMS. Nontraditional museum
institutions. Made to last short and often relying on visitors to
provide museum objects and labels while professionals or
institution only provide theme.
SCIENCE MUSEUMS. Specialized for science and
history of science. In the beginning they were static displays of
objects but now they are made so the visitors can participate
and that way better learn about different branches of science.

52. ARCHIVES
•Accumulation of historical records or the
physical place they are located.
•Contain primary source documents that have
accumulated over the course of an individual
or organization's lifetime, and are kept to
show the function of that person or
organization.

53. INTERNET
The global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a
network of networks that consists of private,
public, academic, business, and government
networks of local to global scope, linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies.

54. REALITIES OF INTERNET
CLICKBAIT
A link that contains content whose main purpose is to
attract attention and encourage visitors to click on the
link of a particular web page.
CONSPIRACY THEORY
A theory that explains an event or set of
circumstances as a result of a secret plot usually
powerful conspirators.

57. REALITIES OF INTERNET
SATIRE
A humorous way of criticizing people or ideas to show
that they have faults or are wrong, or a piece of
writing or play that uses this style.
PROPAGANDA
The spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the
purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause
or a person.

60. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEDIA
AND INFORMATION SOURCES
RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION
•Information is said to be reliable if it can be
verified and evaluated.
•Others refer to the trustworthiness of the
source in evaluating the reliability of
information.

61. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEDIA
AND INFORMATION SOURCES
ACCURACY OF INFORMATION
•Accuracy refers to the closeness of the
report to the actual data.
•Measurement of accuracy varies,
depending on the type of information being
evaluated.

62. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEDIA
AND INFORMATION SOURCES
VALUE OF INFORMATION
•Information is said to be of value if it aids
the user in making or improving decisions.

63. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEDIA
AND INFORMATION SOURCES
AUTHORITY OF THE SOURCE
•Much of the information we gather daily do not
come from a primary source but are passed on
through secondary sources such as writers,
reporters, and the like.
•Sources with an established expertise on the
subject matter are considered as having sound
authority on the subject.

64. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEDIA
AND INFORMATION SOURCES
TIMELINESS
•Reliability, accuracy, and value of information
may vary based on the time it was produced or
acquired.
•While a piece of information may have been
found accurate, reliable, and valuable during
the time it was produced, it may become
irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of
time (thus making it less valuable).

65. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEDIA AND INFORMATION
SOURCES

66. SKILL IN DETERMINING THE
RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION
a. Check the author
b. Check the date of publication or of update
c. Check for citations.
d. Check the domain or owner of the site or
page.
e. Check the site design and the writing style.

67. SKILLS IN DETERMINING
ACCURATE INFORMATION
a. Look for facts.
b. Cross-reference with other sources to
check for consistency.
c. Determine the reason for writing and
publishing the information.
d. Check for advertising.

68. ALTERNATIVE MEDIA
•Current popular alternative media
•Rise of alternative media and information.
•Other alternative forms of communication
and distribution have become popular.