The common cold is a self-limited viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes symptoms like cough, sore throat, runny nose, and sneezing. It is transmitted through direct contact or inhaling airborne viruses. While usually mild, the common cold can lead to serious complications like pneumonia, acute bronchitis, or even surgery in rare cases. Frequent hand washing, covering coughs and sneezes, vaccines, rest, fluids, and vitamin C can help prevent the spread of the common cold.