BSN 6TH SEMESTER

1. Migrating Families and
Health
PRESENTED BY : AMMARA TAYYAB

2. Objectives
At the end of the unit learners will be able to:
 Describe cultural change and process of change
 Migration and types
 Determine factors influencing immigration and
emigration (in society)
 Analyze stages of cultural shock

3. Conti….
 Discuss challenges of immigrant populations
 Discuss current world affairs and their influence on
human rights and health in particular
 Discuss the local health system frameworks and its
efficiency in meeting the needs of the population

4. Migration:
 Types of Migration:
• Selective Migration( move to places that are compatible with
their personalities and needs)
• Brain Drain (is the emigration of highly trained people from a
particular country into another country where they are able to
find better opportunity.)
– Immigrate stresses entering a country.
– Emigrate stresses leaving a country .

5. Types of Migration

6. Types of Migration:
 Gross migration
 Total number of people coming in and out of an area.
 Level of population turnover.
 Net Migration
 Difference between immigration (in-migration) and
emigration (out-migration).
 Positive value:
More people coming in.
Population growth.
 Negative value:
More people coming out.
Population decline.
Emigration
Gross
migration

7. Types of Migration:
 International Migration
Emigration is an indicator of economic and social failures of a
society.
Crossing of a national boundary.
Easier to control and monitor.
Laws to control / inhibit these movements.
Between 2 million and 3 million people emigrate each year.
3% of the global population.

8. Types of Migration:
• Local Migration
– No state boundaries are crossed.
– Buying a new house in the same town or city.
– Difficult to research since they are usually missed in
census data.
– Based on change of income or lifestyle.
– Often very high levels of local migration.
– Americans change residence every 5 to 7 years.
CentralCity

9. Types of Migration:
 Voluntary migration
The migrant makes the decision to move.
Most migration is voluntary.
 Involuntary
Forced migration in which the mover has no role in the decision-
making process.
Slavery.
Refugees.
Situations of divorce or separation.

10. Types of Migration:

11. Pakistan
 In Pakistan, mobility is predominantly local or involves short
distances only.
 Only 19% of the internal migrants crossed provincial boundaries.
29.8% of the flow was from rural to urban areas.
 The remainder of the volume of internal migration was shared
equally by inter-city and urban-to-rural migrants.

12. Conti….
 With 6.3 million emigrants, amounting to over three per cent of the
population, Pakistan is one of the top 10 emigration countries in the
world.
 Educational migration is also an important facet of Pakistani
emigration.
 Migrants from different countries of Arab world, especially Egypt, Iraq,
Palestine, Syria, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, are in the
thousands. Nearly all illegal migrants in Pakistan are Muslim refugees,
and they are accepted by the local population.

13. Factors influencing immigration and
emigration
 The following are the factors that influence immigration and
emigration:
 Push Factors
Push factors are those that force the individual to move voluntarily,
and in many cases, they are forced because the individual risk
something if they stay. Push factors may include conflict, drought,
famine, or extreme religious activity.

14. Conti….
 Pull Factors:
Pull factors are those factors in the destination country that attract
the individual or group to leave their home. Those factors are
known as place utility, which is the desirability of a place that
attracts people. Better economic opportunities, more jobs, and the
promise of a better life often pull people into new locations

17. The Culture Shock :
 When you go abroad you’re going to
experience new cultures, people, food,
music and probably a new language. All
of the newness combined with the lack
of things and people that you are familiar
with might cause you to have some
anxiety. This type of anxiety is called
cultural shock. Expect to experience
some degree of cultural shock.

19. Culture Shock :
 Cultural shock can be put into following stages. Once you become
familiar with the stages you will be better able to combat it

20. Symptoms of culture shock:
 Unwarranted criticism of the culture and people
 Heightened irritability
 Constant complaints about the climate
 Continual offering of excuses for staying indoors
 Utopian ideas concerning one's previous culture
 Continuous concern about the purity of water and food
 Fear of touching local people

21. Conti….
 Refusal to learn the language
 Preoccupation about being robbed or
cheated
 Pressing desire to talk with people who
"really make sense.“
 Preoccupation with returning home

23. Honeymoon Stage:
During this period the differences between the
old and new culture are seen in a romantic light,
wonderful and new.In the first few weeks most
people are fascinated by the new culture. They
associate with the nationals that speak their
language and are polite to the foreigners. This
period is full of observations and new discoveries.
Like many honeymoons this stage eventually ends

24. Frustration/Negotiation phase:
After some time (usually weeks), differences between the old and
new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. That sense of
excitement will eventually give way to new and unpleasant feelings of
frustration and anger as you continue to have unfavorable encounters
that strike you as strange, offensive, and unacceptable. This phase is
often marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without
apparent reason. This is where excitement turns to disappointment
and more and more differences start to occur. Depression is not
uncommon.

25. Adjustment Stage:
 Again, after some time (usually 6 – 12 months), one grows
accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows
what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer
feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again,
and things become more "normal". One starts to develop problem-
solving skills for dealing with the culture, and begins to accept the
culture ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make
sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are
reduced. Reaching this stage requires a constructive response to
culture shock with effective means of adaption

26. Conti….
 often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the
originalAlso, Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. Re-entry Shock) may
take place — returning to one's home culture after growing
accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as
described above. This results from the psychosomatic and
psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the
primary culture. The affected person culture shock.

27. Acceptance stage:
 Acceptance doesn't mean that new cultures or environments are
completely understood. Rather, it signifies that complete
understanding isn't necessary to function and thrive in the new
surroundings.
 During the acceptance stage, travelers are able to draw together
the resources they need to feel at ease.

28. Current World Affairs:
 Current World Affairs:
 Developing Countries.
 Global Health.
 Global Security.
 Globalization.
 International Diplomacy.

29. Human Rights:
These are basic rights that belong to all of us simply
because we are human. They embody key values in our
society such as fairness, dignity, equality and respect. Most
importantly, these rights give us power and enable us to
speak up and to challenge poor treatment from a public
authority

30. Influence On Human Rights:
 Human trafficking. Human trafficking is growing around the world.
 Refugee crises.
 Worker rights.
 Gender equality, Transgender rights and laws .
 Human rights and technology.
 Nationalism.
 Attacks on journalists and the spread of misinformation
 Civil and political rights are violated through genocide, torture, and arbitrary arrest

31. Influence On Health:
 Health is fundamental human right. It is indispensable for the
exercise of many other rights and necessary for living the life in
dignity. Public policies to protect everyone's health are essential.
 The first relationship involves the positive and negative impacts of
health policies, laws, programs, and practices on human rights.
 The challenge is to negotiate the optimal balance between
promoting and protecting public health and promoting and
protecting human rights.

32. Influence On Health:
 Physical Activity and Nutrition.
 Overweight and Obesity.
 Tobacco.
 Substance Abuse.
 HIV/AIDS.
 Mental Health.

33. local health system frameworks and its
efficiency in meeting the needs of the
population
It is structured around the WHO framework that describes health
systems in terms of six core components or “building blocks”:
(i) service delivery,
(ii) health workforce,
(iii) health information systems,
(iv) access to essential medicines,
(v) financing, and
(vi) leadership/governance