HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
This pernicious vomiting is differentiated from the more common and more normal morning sickness by the fact that it is of greater intensity and extends beyond the first trimester.
Hyperemesis gravidarum may occur in any of the three trimesters. It is a condition affecting one in 1,000 pregnancies.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting such that weight loss occur. The exact cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known. Risk factors include the first pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, obesity or family history of hyperemesis gravidarum.
DEFINITION
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is defined as extreme, excessive, and persistent vomiting in early pregnancy that may lead to dehydration and malnutrition.
INCIDENCE-
There has been marked fall in the incidence during the last 30years. It is now a rarity in hospital practice ( less than 1 in 1000 pregnancies). (a)Better application of family planning knowledge which reduces the number of unplanned pregnancies,(b) Early visit to the antenatal clinic and (c) Potent antihistaminic, antiemetic drugs.
THEORY
• Endocrine theory :high levels of hCG & estrogen during pregnancy
• Metabolic theory :vitamin B6 deficiency
• Psychological theory : Psychological stress increase the symptoms
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION-
From the management and prognostic point of view the clinical manifestation divided in to two types-
• EARLY
• LATE (moderate to severe)
1)Early- Vomiting occurs throughout the day. Normal day to day activities are curtailed. There is no evidence of dehydration or starvation.
2)late-(Evidence of dehydration and starvation are present).
o Tachycardia.
o Hypotension.
o Rise in temperature.
o Poor appetite.
o Poor nutritional intake.
o Loss of more than 25% of body weight.
o Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
o Rapid pulse and low blood pressure.
o Occasionally, jaundice develops in severe cases.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION-
• Opthalmoscopic examination: Required if the patient is seriously ill. Retinal hemorrhage and detachment of the retina are the most unfavorable signs.
• ECG: When there is abnormal serum potassium level.
COMPLICATION
Weight loss
Dehydration
Metabolic acidosis from starvation
Hypokalemia (electrolyte imbalance)
MANAGEMENT-
Women with hyperemesis gravidarum are admitted to the hospital. Initially nothing is given by mouth. Hypovolemia and electrolyte imbalance are corrected by intravenous infusion. Vitamin supplements are given parenterally. Fluids and diet are gradually introduced as the woman’s condition improves.
principles of management :
• To control vomiting.
• To correct the fluids and electrolytes imbalance.
• To correct metabolic disturbances(acidosis or alkalosis).
• To prevent the serious complications of severe vomiting.
Hospitalization-
A Partograph is a graphical record of progress during labor.
Progress is measured by cervical dilatation against time in hours, as well as by providing a record of the important conditions of the mother and fetus that may arise during the process
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
This pernicious vomiting is differentiated from the more common and more normal morning sickness by the fact that it is of greater intensity and extends beyond the first trimester.
Hyperemesis gravidarum may occur in any of the three trimesters. It is a condition affecting one in 1,000 pregnancies.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting such that weight loss occur. The exact cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known. Risk factors include the first pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, obesity or family history of hyperemesis gravidarum.
DEFINITION
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is defined as extreme, excessive, and persistent vomiting in early pregnancy that may lead to dehydration and malnutrition.
INCIDENCE-
There has been marked fall in the incidence during the last 30years. It is now a rarity in hospital practice ( less than 1 in 1000 pregnancies). (a)Better application of family planning knowledge which reduces the number of unplanned pregnancies,(b) Early visit to the antenatal clinic and (c) Potent antihistaminic, antiemetic drugs.
THEORY
• Endocrine theory :high levels of hCG & estrogen during pregnancy
• Metabolic theory :vitamin B6 deficiency
• Psychological theory : Psychological stress increase the symptoms
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION-
From the management and prognostic point of view the clinical manifestation divided in to two types-
• EARLY
• LATE (moderate to severe)
1)Early- Vomiting occurs throughout the day. Normal day to day activities are curtailed. There is no evidence of dehydration or starvation.
2)late-(Evidence of dehydration and starvation are present).
o Tachycardia.
o Hypotension.
o Rise in temperature.
o Poor appetite.
o Poor nutritional intake.
o Loss of more than 25% of body weight.
o Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
o Rapid pulse and low blood pressure.
o Occasionally, jaundice develops in severe cases.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION-
• Opthalmoscopic examination: Required if the patient is seriously ill. Retinal hemorrhage and detachment of the retina are the most unfavorable signs.
• ECG: When there is abnormal serum potassium level.
COMPLICATION
Weight loss
Dehydration
Metabolic acidosis from starvation
Hypokalemia (electrolyte imbalance)
MANAGEMENT-
Women with hyperemesis gravidarum are admitted to the hospital. Initially nothing is given by mouth. Hypovolemia and electrolyte imbalance are corrected by intravenous infusion. Vitamin supplements are given parenterally. Fluids and diet are gradually introduced as the woman’s condition improves.
principles of management :
• To control vomiting.
• To correct the fluids and electrolytes imbalance.
• To correct metabolic disturbances(acidosis or alkalosis).
• To prevent the serious complications of severe vomiting.
Hospitalization-
A Partograph is a graphical record of progress during labor.
Progress is measured by cervical dilatation against time in hours, as well as by providing a record of the important conditions of the mother and fetus that may arise during the process
LAW: THE SUM TOTAL OF RULES AND REGULATIONS BY WHICH THE SOCIETY IS GOVERNED
ETHICS: Ethics is the systematic study of What a persons conduct ought to be with regard to him or herself, other human beings and the environment, it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person’s life and relationship ought to be, not necessarily what they are.
IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR MOST ACCURATE CARE AND TREATMENT.FOR THIS PURPOSE RESEARCH IS COMPULSORY.THIS PRESENTATION TELLS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH,LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN NURSING.
LAW: THE SUM TOTAL OF RULES AND REGULATIONS BY WHICH THE SOCIETY IS GOVERNED
ETHICS: Ethics is the systematic study of What a persons conduct ought to be with regard to him or herself, other human beings and the environment, it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person’s life and relationship ought to be, not necessarily what they are.
IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR MOST ACCURATE CARE AND TREATMENT.FOR THIS PURPOSE RESEARCH IS COMPULSORY.THIS PRESENTATION TELLS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH,LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN NURSING.
GR AFHS Geriatric Syndromes- HO Version wo CE.pptxAFHSResources
The learning outcome for this activity: Participants will have increased knowledge of applying the Age-Friendly 4Ms Framework while caring for an older adult patient experiencing elements of Geriatric Syndrome in a convenient care setting.
GR AFHS Possible UTI.8.26.20 wo CE for ho.pptxAFHSResources
The goal for this activity is to increase the participant’s knowledge and ability to apply the Age-Friendly 4Ms Framework when caring for older adults (65 and up) with a Possible UTI in a convenience care setting.
Litigations in our practice and modern assisted reproductive technologies - e...Anu Test Tube Baby Centre
Presentation given in 2015 : How much does litigation affect our practice of using assisted reproductive technologies for the management of infertility? What do we know and what are the issues surrounding this technology?
obstetric nursing
obstetric emergencies
care of the new borne
bleeding in pregnancy
post partum haemorrhage
postpartum care
instruments in labor room
artificial rupture of membrane
types of abortions
infant nutrition and breast feeding
intrauterine growth restriction
intrauterine fetal death
premature infant
premature rupture of membranes
repair of episiotomy
abnormal labor and delivery
neonatal infections
vaccination calendar
instruments and procedures in the labor room
Skills-based sign-out workshop that focuses on teaching interns and students how to create and update a written sign-out and how to perform a verbal handover. Used at orientations for interns or sub-interns.
The networked nurse: Using virtual communication systems for practice develop...Sarah Stewart
This is the presentation I gave at the Virtual Nurse Practice Development Conference on the 13th May 2015.
Many factors impact on the nurse's ability to develop practice. Lack of access to research, organisational barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice, managerial or even collegial constraints, as well as lack of personal critical-thinking and reflective skills. Developing virtual networks using online communication tools such as social media, and initiatives like the VIDPC allows nurses to break down traditional barriers to learning, and facilitates collaboration, sharing, scholarship and campaigns. Using examples from her own experience I will discuss how nurses can harness online networking for practice development at both individual and professional levels
Frivolous fun or innovative learning? Using social media to deliver professio...Sarah Stewart
The story of how the Virtual International Day of the Midwife Conference uses social media to facilitate learning and CPD to midwives. Talk give to OZELIVE 2014 conference: http://australianeducators.ning.com/accepted-presentations/frivolous-fun-or-innovative-learning-using-social-media-to-delive
Using social media for collaboration and engagement in associations and organ...Sarah Stewart
This is the presentation I put together to support my workshop with the staff of the Australian College of Midwives in January 2014 - more information here: http://sarah-stewart.blogspot.com.au/2014/01/acm-workshop-january-15-2014-use-social.html
Midwifery: isn't there an app for that?Sarah Stewart
This is the framework for a workshop I facilitated at the 2013 Australian College of Midwives conference in Hobart, on the 30th September, about midwives' use of social media. This year my focus is moving away from the actual tools, to how we use them in a professional manner.
Social media and midwifery postgraduate educationSarah Stewart
Some thoughts to consider if you're wanting to embed social media into postgraduate midwifery education - presentation given in Denmark, September 2012
Presentation about what to think about if/when you consider using virtual worlds and Second Life for midwifery (or any kind) education, given at the University of the West Country, UK on September 3rd 2012.
Social media and technology-enhanced learningSarah Stewart
Presentation about how you can use social media for teaching and learning in higher education, given at the University of the West Country, UK on September 3rd 2012.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit