This document appears to be a midterm exam for a translation and editing course. It consists of multiple choice, true/false, and matching questions that test understanding of key concepts in translation like the roles of translators and editors, different types of translation (e.g. technical, legal), and the differences between translation and interpretation. The questions cover topics such as the steps involved in translation, advantages and limitations of human vs. machine translation, and characteristics of audiovisual translation.
Co-text refers to the words surrounding a particular word or passage within a text that provide context and help determine meaning. For example, the words "door", "keyboard", and "the problem" provide co-text for the meaning of the word "key". Co-text refers to the linguistic environment of a word, while context refers to the non-verbal environment in which a word is used, such as images that could help explain the meaning of the word "goal". Understanding the co-text surrounding a word, such as verbs that commonly occur with "goal", can help English learners use that word properly.
Translation is as old as language. Different language communities considered translation necessary for their interaction. With translation as an important activity, there emerged diverse theories to guide it.
This document discusses various theories and perspectives related to translation theory, and their application to non-literary texts. It covers linguistic, cultural, philosophical, and postcolonial approaches. The document aims to provide an outline of translation theories in the 20th century, show how they apply to non-literary texts, and demonstrate how translation practice can benefit from theory.
The document defines and describes various types of translation including:
- Oral and written translation which can be done consecutively or simultaneously
- Computer-assisted translation which uses computer programs to aid the human translation process
- Machine translation which uses computer programs to translate without human intervention
It also discusses different types of translation based on factors like the unit, aim, tasks/objectives, and number of translators involved. Some translation types discussed include: literal, idiomatic, committee, common language, dynamic, and thought-for-thought translations.
The document discusses 8 types of translation: word-for-word, literal, faithful, semantic, communicative, idiomatic, adaptive, and free. For each type, it provides a brief definition of the approach. For example, word-for-word translation preserves the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning within target language constraints. Communicative translation renders the exact meaning in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible.
1. Translation studies developed as an academic discipline since the 1970s, drawing from fields like linguistics, comparative literature, and cultural studies.
2. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and equivalence, while recent approaches examine translation as a communicative act within sociocultural contexts.
3. Current theories address issues like text types, skopos, descriptive approaches, the literary polysystem, cultural studies perspectives, and the relationship between theory and practice in the field.
This document discusses assessing grammar. It provides definitions of grammar and explains that assessing grammar is important for determining student proficiency, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and giving feedback. There are different types of grammar assessment formats, including recognition, production, editing, and transformation. The reasons for assessment include diagnosing student abilities and tracking progress. Formative assessment is ongoing, while summative assessment occurs at the end of learning. Authentic assessment and avoiding grammatical terms in instructions are also discussed.
As the topic suggests, the presentation deals with the role of a translator/ interpreter. It also signifies some of the features of good translations as well as translators.
Co-text refers to the words surrounding a particular word or passage within a text that provide context and help determine meaning. For example, the words "door", "keyboard", and "the problem" provide co-text for the meaning of the word "key". Co-text refers to the linguistic environment of a word, while context refers to the non-verbal environment in which a word is used, such as images that could help explain the meaning of the word "goal". Understanding the co-text surrounding a word, such as verbs that commonly occur with "goal", can help English learners use that word properly.
Translation is as old as language. Different language communities considered translation necessary for their interaction. With translation as an important activity, there emerged diverse theories to guide it.
This document discusses various theories and perspectives related to translation theory, and their application to non-literary texts. It covers linguistic, cultural, philosophical, and postcolonial approaches. The document aims to provide an outline of translation theories in the 20th century, show how they apply to non-literary texts, and demonstrate how translation practice can benefit from theory.
The document defines and describes various types of translation including:
- Oral and written translation which can be done consecutively or simultaneously
- Computer-assisted translation which uses computer programs to aid the human translation process
- Machine translation which uses computer programs to translate without human intervention
It also discusses different types of translation based on factors like the unit, aim, tasks/objectives, and number of translators involved. Some translation types discussed include: literal, idiomatic, committee, common language, dynamic, and thought-for-thought translations.
The document discusses 8 types of translation: word-for-word, literal, faithful, semantic, communicative, idiomatic, adaptive, and free. For each type, it provides a brief definition of the approach. For example, word-for-word translation preserves the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning within target language constraints. Communicative translation renders the exact meaning in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible.
1. Translation studies developed as an academic discipline since the 1970s, drawing from fields like linguistics, comparative literature, and cultural studies.
2. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and equivalence, while recent approaches examine translation as a communicative act within sociocultural contexts.
3. Current theories address issues like text types, skopos, descriptive approaches, the literary polysystem, cultural studies perspectives, and the relationship between theory and practice in the field.
This document discusses assessing grammar. It provides definitions of grammar and explains that assessing grammar is important for determining student proficiency, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and giving feedback. There are different types of grammar assessment formats, including recognition, production, editing, and transformation. The reasons for assessment include diagnosing student abilities and tracking progress. Formative assessment is ongoing, while summative assessment occurs at the end of learning. Authentic assessment and avoiding grammatical terms in instructions are also discussed.
As the topic suggests, the presentation deals with the role of a translator/ interpreter. It also signifies some of the features of good translations as well as translators.
Materials development stands as a crucial domain within ELT (English Language Teaching). For individuals aspiring to enhance and advance their English skills, the utilization of appropriate materials becomes imperative. Enclosed is a PowerPoint (PPT) file, the culmination of my comprehensive research on this subject, offering a historical overview of Materials development to aid your learning journey.
This document discusses key concepts in language assessment including testing, assessment, evaluation, and measurement. It outlines principles of assessment such as using a variety of techniques, communicating strategies to students, and using assessment to help students learn. The purposes of assessment are described as assessment for learning, assessment as learning, and assessment of learning. Functions of language tests include measuring learning, diagnosing strengths and weaknesses, motivating students, ensuring effective teaching, and supporting research.
This document discusses the history and theories of translation. It summarizes several key theorists and models of translation. Jakobson categorized translation into three types: intralingual translation (within a language), interlingual translation (between languages), and intersemiotic translation (across sign systems). The document also outlines the stages in the development of translation theory from the linguistic stage to the current ethical/aesthetic stage. Finally, it discusses various approaches to translation based on prioritizing the source language or target language, such as word-for-word translation or communicative translation.
This document discusses theories and concepts about translation in the new century. It covers translation as a human activity that enables idea exchange across languages. Translation involves aspects of philosophy, linguistics, psychology and sociology. It is viewed as both an art and a science requiring language structure knowledge and artistic skill. The possibility and challenges of translation are examined, especially between written vs oral cultures. Criteria for a good translation include conveying ideas, structure, culture and being easily understood while preserving literary subtleties. Knowledge of source language grammar and vocabulary is important.
Materials evaluation involves systematically appraising the potential value of materials for learners based on their objectives. There are two main purposes of materials evaluation - selecting coursebooks and determining effectiveness. Evaluation can occur before, during, or after use of materials. Pre-use evaluation makes predictions about value, in-use evaluates materials as they are being used, and post-use measures actual effects on learners. Evaluation methods include reviews, surveys, checklists, questionnaires, and scales.
This document provides an overview of the theory of translation and discusses various types and levels of equivalence in translation. It covers the following key points:
- The goal of translation is to transform a text in the source language into the target language while reproducing the content, message, and implications as fully as possible.
- Equivalence in translation is variable and there are different types, including formal, partial correspondence, and situational equivalence. Equivalence can occur at the phonetic, word, phrase, sentence and text levels.
- Grammatical transformations are often needed in translation to achieve equivalence due to differences in source and target language structures. Literal translation is generally unacceptable as it can distort meaning.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of translation studies as an academic discipline. It notes that while translation has long been practiced, translation studies emerged as a formal discipline in the 1950s and 1960s. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and linguistic approaches to translation. The field has rapidly expanded since the 1990s, with numerous university courses, conferences, journals, and books focused on translation studies. It is now recognized as an independent, multidisciplinary academic field encompassing various theoretical and practical approaches to written translation.
The document provides an introduction to a translation studies project analyzing Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms translated into Urdu as Widaa-e-Jang by Ashfaq Ahmad. It discusses the source text by Hemingway, introduces the translator Ashfaq Ahmad and his translation, presents the hypothesis and reviews relevant translation theories that will be applied in the analysis, including those of Nida and Taber, Jakobson, and Vinay and Darbelnet.
This document discusses the challenges of translating prose works from one language to another. It begins by defining literary translation and prose translation. Some of the key challenges mentioned include maintaining an author's style while translating, dealing with unique character names and places, translating dialogues which are structured differently across languages, and maintaining semantic prosody of words. Additional difficulties come from translating cultural nuances, feelings and delicate elements of a work. The translator must have a strong understanding of both the source and target languages to perform this high art of literary translation.
1. The document discusses the need to study the translation process systematically rather than focusing only on models and diagrams.
2. It argues that understanding the cognitive process translators undergo when translating a text is important for improving translation skills.
3. Several experts are quoted warning that current understanding of the brain and memory is insufficient to fully describe the translation process, and that both descriptive and inductive approaches are needed.
Cohesion and coherence are essential properties of written texts that aid readability and communication of ideas. Cohesion refers to the grammatical and lexical links between elements of a text, while coherence is the semantic unity between ideas. Some techniques that create cohesion and coherence include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical repetition. Together, cohesion and coherence allow readers to understand a text as a unified whole rather than a disjointed set of sentences.
what is stylistics and its levels 1.Phonological level 2.Graphological leve...RajpootBhatti5
This document discusses stylistics and its levels of analysis. It defines stylistics as the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective, focusing on literature but also other written texts. There are five main levels of stylistics analysis:
1. Phonological level - Analyzes sounds, pronunciation, rhythm, etc.
2. Graphological level - Examines handwriting, fonts, punctuation, spelling.
3. Grammatical level - Looks at parts of speech, abbreviations, verbs, and the language of newspaper headlines.
4. Pragmatics level - Studies context, meaning, presuppositions, and speech acts.
5. Conversation/discourse analysis - Analyzes
The document discusses postcolonial translation theory and strategies in the Americas. It provides details on:
1) The Zapatista peace talks between indigenous groups in Chiapas, Mexico, which highlighted challenges of representation and translation between different languages and cultures.
2) Lawrence Venuti's theory of "foreignizing translation" which aims to resist domestication of foreign texts and preserve linguistic and cultural differences.
3) Criticisms of Venuti's theory as potentially elitist and a new form of manipulation of postcolonial cultures.
4) The approach of Quebec feminists like Nicole Brossard who see translation as a creative, interconnected process with original writing rather than a subordinate practice.
The document discusses various theories and models of translation shifts. It describes Vinay and Darbelnet's model which identifies two translation strategies - direct translation and oblique translation. It also discusses Catford's theory of level and category shifts. Additionally, it summarizes Van Leuven-Zwart's comparative and descriptive model of translation shifts which examines shifts at the micro and macro levels. The document provides details on different translation techniques like transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.
This document discusses different types of translation. It describes translation as carrying meaning across languages. There are three main types: interlingual translation between languages, intralingual translation within one language, and intersemiotic translation between different semiotic systems like verbal and sign languages. The document also discusses different approaches to translation like human translation, machine translation, and computer-assisted translation as well as factors like the means, materials, functional basis, and ways translation can be described.
The document discusses the stylistic approach to teaching literature. It states that with this approach, students take an active role in interacting with, examining, and evaluating the language of texts to interpret meanings intuitively using linguistic features and literary theories. This helps students understand literature's use of language from their own perspective. A stylistic analysis enhances communicative competence as students directly work with the foreign language. When students analyze texts from their own views, they also learn to use language in everyday life.
This document discusses various philosophical approaches to translation that emerged in the late 20th century. It outlines George Steiner's hermeneutic approach to translation as consisting of four "movements": initiative trust, aggression, incorporation, and compensation. It also discusses Ezra Pound's view of translation as a tool for cultural struggle and Walter Benjamin's concept of a "pure language" released through the vital link between an original text and its translation. Finally, it examines the implications of deconstruction theory for understanding language and meaning in translation.
Descriptive grammar observes and describes how language is actually used by speakers without making judgments, while prescriptive grammar prescribes rules for what is considered correct or incorrect usage. Descriptive grammar focuses on patterns in language, whereas prescriptive grammar establishes rules for syntax, word structures, and usage. Both are concerned with rules, but descriptive grammar describes patterns observed in linguistic studies, and prescriptive grammar aims to lay out authoritative rules for language use.
Translation involves converting text from one language to another. There are two main types: written translation, which is translating text, and oral translation, which is translating speech. Good translation requires knowledge of both languages as well as their cultures. It aims to convey the overall meaning and style of the original content for the target audience. Translation techniques include borrowing words directly, word-for-word translation, and adapting the structure when needed to fit the target language.
Grade 7 English Entitled album pdddddddddddfffffffffddddddCristinaGantasAloot
The document contains a quiz on speech delivery methods with multiple choice and short answer questions. It addresses the different methods of speech delivery (manuscript, memorized, impromptu, extemporaneous), their key characteristics, and factors related to effective speech delivery such as platform behavior, posture, loudness, clarity, pronunciation, and grammar. The quiz aims to test understanding of the different speech delivery methods and how to apply them appropriately, as well as factors that contribute to an engaging speech performance.
Materials development stands as a crucial domain within ELT (English Language Teaching). For individuals aspiring to enhance and advance their English skills, the utilization of appropriate materials becomes imperative. Enclosed is a PowerPoint (PPT) file, the culmination of my comprehensive research on this subject, offering a historical overview of Materials development to aid your learning journey.
This document discusses key concepts in language assessment including testing, assessment, evaluation, and measurement. It outlines principles of assessment such as using a variety of techniques, communicating strategies to students, and using assessment to help students learn. The purposes of assessment are described as assessment for learning, assessment as learning, and assessment of learning. Functions of language tests include measuring learning, diagnosing strengths and weaknesses, motivating students, ensuring effective teaching, and supporting research.
This document discusses the history and theories of translation. It summarizes several key theorists and models of translation. Jakobson categorized translation into three types: intralingual translation (within a language), interlingual translation (between languages), and intersemiotic translation (across sign systems). The document also outlines the stages in the development of translation theory from the linguistic stage to the current ethical/aesthetic stage. Finally, it discusses various approaches to translation based on prioritizing the source language or target language, such as word-for-word translation or communicative translation.
This document discusses theories and concepts about translation in the new century. It covers translation as a human activity that enables idea exchange across languages. Translation involves aspects of philosophy, linguistics, psychology and sociology. It is viewed as both an art and a science requiring language structure knowledge and artistic skill. The possibility and challenges of translation are examined, especially between written vs oral cultures. Criteria for a good translation include conveying ideas, structure, culture and being easily understood while preserving literary subtleties. Knowledge of source language grammar and vocabulary is important.
Materials evaluation involves systematically appraising the potential value of materials for learners based on their objectives. There are two main purposes of materials evaluation - selecting coursebooks and determining effectiveness. Evaluation can occur before, during, or after use of materials. Pre-use evaluation makes predictions about value, in-use evaluates materials as they are being used, and post-use measures actual effects on learners. Evaluation methods include reviews, surveys, checklists, questionnaires, and scales.
This document provides an overview of the theory of translation and discusses various types and levels of equivalence in translation. It covers the following key points:
- The goal of translation is to transform a text in the source language into the target language while reproducing the content, message, and implications as fully as possible.
- Equivalence in translation is variable and there are different types, including formal, partial correspondence, and situational equivalence. Equivalence can occur at the phonetic, word, phrase, sentence and text levels.
- Grammatical transformations are often needed in translation to achieve equivalence due to differences in source and target language structures. Literal translation is generally unacceptable as it can distort meaning.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of translation studies as an academic discipline. It notes that while translation has long been practiced, translation studies emerged as a formal discipline in the 1950s and 1960s. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and linguistic approaches to translation. The field has rapidly expanded since the 1990s, with numerous university courses, conferences, journals, and books focused on translation studies. It is now recognized as an independent, multidisciplinary academic field encompassing various theoretical and practical approaches to written translation.
The document provides an introduction to a translation studies project analyzing Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms translated into Urdu as Widaa-e-Jang by Ashfaq Ahmad. It discusses the source text by Hemingway, introduces the translator Ashfaq Ahmad and his translation, presents the hypothesis and reviews relevant translation theories that will be applied in the analysis, including those of Nida and Taber, Jakobson, and Vinay and Darbelnet.
This document discusses the challenges of translating prose works from one language to another. It begins by defining literary translation and prose translation. Some of the key challenges mentioned include maintaining an author's style while translating, dealing with unique character names and places, translating dialogues which are structured differently across languages, and maintaining semantic prosody of words. Additional difficulties come from translating cultural nuances, feelings and delicate elements of a work. The translator must have a strong understanding of both the source and target languages to perform this high art of literary translation.
1. The document discusses the need to study the translation process systematically rather than focusing only on models and diagrams.
2. It argues that understanding the cognitive process translators undergo when translating a text is important for improving translation skills.
3. Several experts are quoted warning that current understanding of the brain and memory is insufficient to fully describe the translation process, and that both descriptive and inductive approaches are needed.
Cohesion and coherence are essential properties of written texts that aid readability and communication of ideas. Cohesion refers to the grammatical and lexical links between elements of a text, while coherence is the semantic unity between ideas. Some techniques that create cohesion and coherence include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical repetition. Together, cohesion and coherence allow readers to understand a text as a unified whole rather than a disjointed set of sentences.
what is stylistics and its levels 1.Phonological level 2.Graphological leve...RajpootBhatti5
This document discusses stylistics and its levels of analysis. It defines stylistics as the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective, focusing on literature but also other written texts. There are five main levels of stylistics analysis:
1. Phonological level - Analyzes sounds, pronunciation, rhythm, etc.
2. Graphological level - Examines handwriting, fonts, punctuation, spelling.
3. Grammatical level - Looks at parts of speech, abbreviations, verbs, and the language of newspaper headlines.
4. Pragmatics level - Studies context, meaning, presuppositions, and speech acts.
5. Conversation/discourse analysis - Analyzes
The document discusses postcolonial translation theory and strategies in the Americas. It provides details on:
1) The Zapatista peace talks between indigenous groups in Chiapas, Mexico, which highlighted challenges of representation and translation between different languages and cultures.
2) Lawrence Venuti's theory of "foreignizing translation" which aims to resist domestication of foreign texts and preserve linguistic and cultural differences.
3) Criticisms of Venuti's theory as potentially elitist and a new form of manipulation of postcolonial cultures.
4) The approach of Quebec feminists like Nicole Brossard who see translation as a creative, interconnected process with original writing rather than a subordinate practice.
The document discusses various theories and models of translation shifts. It describes Vinay and Darbelnet's model which identifies two translation strategies - direct translation and oblique translation. It also discusses Catford's theory of level and category shifts. Additionally, it summarizes Van Leuven-Zwart's comparative and descriptive model of translation shifts which examines shifts at the micro and macro levels. The document provides details on different translation techniques like transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.
This document discusses different types of translation. It describes translation as carrying meaning across languages. There are three main types: interlingual translation between languages, intralingual translation within one language, and intersemiotic translation between different semiotic systems like verbal and sign languages. The document also discusses different approaches to translation like human translation, machine translation, and computer-assisted translation as well as factors like the means, materials, functional basis, and ways translation can be described.
The document discusses the stylistic approach to teaching literature. It states that with this approach, students take an active role in interacting with, examining, and evaluating the language of texts to interpret meanings intuitively using linguistic features and literary theories. This helps students understand literature's use of language from their own perspective. A stylistic analysis enhances communicative competence as students directly work with the foreign language. When students analyze texts from their own views, they also learn to use language in everyday life.
This document discusses various philosophical approaches to translation that emerged in the late 20th century. It outlines George Steiner's hermeneutic approach to translation as consisting of four "movements": initiative trust, aggression, incorporation, and compensation. It also discusses Ezra Pound's view of translation as a tool for cultural struggle and Walter Benjamin's concept of a "pure language" released through the vital link between an original text and its translation. Finally, it examines the implications of deconstruction theory for understanding language and meaning in translation.
Descriptive grammar observes and describes how language is actually used by speakers without making judgments, while prescriptive grammar prescribes rules for what is considered correct or incorrect usage. Descriptive grammar focuses on patterns in language, whereas prescriptive grammar establishes rules for syntax, word structures, and usage. Both are concerned with rules, but descriptive grammar describes patterns observed in linguistic studies, and prescriptive grammar aims to lay out authoritative rules for language use.
Translation involves converting text from one language to another. There are two main types: written translation, which is translating text, and oral translation, which is translating speech. Good translation requires knowledge of both languages as well as their cultures. It aims to convey the overall meaning and style of the original content for the target audience. Translation techniques include borrowing words directly, word-for-word translation, and adapting the structure when needed to fit the target language.
Grade 7 English Entitled album pdddddddddddfffffffffddddddCristinaGantasAloot
The document contains a quiz on speech delivery methods with multiple choice and short answer questions. It addresses the different methods of speech delivery (manuscript, memorized, impromptu, extemporaneous), their key characteristics, and factors related to effective speech delivery such as platform behavior, posture, loudness, clarity, pronunciation, and grammar. The quiz aims to test understanding of the different speech delivery methods and how to apply them appropriately, as well as factors that contribute to an engaging speech performance.
Becoming a Tech-Savvy Translator and Interpreter in the Digital AgeBrauerTraining .com
I believe that learning technology is equivalent to learning another language. Technology in itself is a whole separate language that we need to learn in order to perform in the digital age.
Lets suppose we are language interpreters in the language combination English to French. If we were to become ASL interpreters in that language combination, we would first have to fully learn American Sing Language. But that is not enough, because we would need to learn the difference with the French Sign Language. Same with Technology. We need to learn the skills as if we were learning ASL plus FSL techniques. We need not only learn about the technology but, more important than that, we need to PRACTICE with it to acquire the skills needed to WORK with technology. That takes time and money and we need to be ready and available to make that investment. Technology is no longer an option, it is a requirement of the Digital Age, at least in the world of business.
In the past 20 years, the world became interconnected, creating the need to deliver content in multiple languages at all points of contact. Digital technologies caused tectonic changes in the language services industry, impacting translators and interpreters, who now need to revamp their knowledge/abilities to remain relevant in the Digital Age. They need to “upgrade” their skills and become tech savvy.
There is a need for change. Mostly a change in understanding and subsequent behavior, which are the most difficult of changes. Behavior on the part of translators and interpreters in regards to the future of the industry.
Translators and interpreters need to start investing time and money to “update their skills” and so become an integral part of this evolving industry. We have been severed from the most important conversations about our own future. Many of us are afraid of the new technologies because there is yet no clear answer to the question “what’s in it for me?”. We need to become part of the equation going forward. If translators and interpreters do not learn –quickly and swiftly– to use 21st century technologies, we may not survive as a viable profession.
Becoming a tech-savvy translator and interpreter is the most efficient way to tap into a short-term opportunity to transform current knowledge and experience into useful and valuable skills that may help fuel a new generation of translators and interpreters that respond to the new challenges faced by the Digital Age.
Many translators and interpreters have lost sight of the changes occurred in the “means of production” of the goods and services we deliver. In a world of increased competition and decreasing margins of profit, translators and interpreters need to understand the investments (in time AND money) they need to make in software, training and processes to catch up to the demand for multilingual content, “immediately”.
Translators and interpreters need to stop being suspicious of innovations in
The document discusses translation, which involves interpreting the meaning of a text in one language and producing an equivalent text in another language that conveys the same message. It notes that translation requires competence in both languages as well as the ability to choose accurate and appropriate expressions in the target language. The document also outlines trends in translation such as machine translation, computer-assisted translation, and cultural translation. It distinguishes between the training received by translators and interpreters.
Machine Translation Post Editing ServicesCrystal Hues
In the ever-evolving landscape of global communication, machine translation has emerged as a powerful tool. However, despite its efficiency, it often falls short in delivering the nuanced accuracy and natural fluency essential for professional content. This is where Machine Translation Post Editing Services come into play, bridging the gap between artificial intelligence and the human touch.
This document provides an overview of translation as a field. It is divided into 14 sections that cover topics like the translation process, types of translation, challenges, careers in translation, and the future of the field. Five students contributed different sections which discuss key concepts such as the importance of context and cultural references, differences between machine and human translation, common translation errors, and ethics in the profession. The conclusion emphasizes that while technology will continue advancing, human translators will remain important for ensuring accurate and culturally sensitive communication.
Communication Legal Translation provides you the list of things to be considered while choosing a Competent Translator. For more information visit https://communicationdubai.com/ or Call at +971 42663517
Techniques in translation, computer assisted, machine translation, subtitling...Moses Altovar
This document discusses various translation techniques including computer-assisted translation, machine translation, subtitling, and editing/post-editing. It provides details on each technique in 3-4 paragraphs. Computer-assisted translation involves human translators using computer programs, tools, and technology to assist them. Machine translation aims to translate without human intervention but often requires human pre-editing and post-editing. Subtitling has constraints related to synchronization with visual/audio elements and reading speed, requiring simplification and brevity in the subtitles.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. A compiler is a program that translates human-readable source code into machine-readable object code that can be executed by a computer.
2. A C program is run in two stages: first it is compiled from source code into an executable object file, then the executable object file is run to execute the program.
3. A C program is usually compiled in two phases - first the source code is compiled into object code files using the gcc compiler, then a linker combines the object files and library files into a single executable file.
4. No, upper and lower case letters are not equivalent in C - C is case-sensitive so upper and lower case versions of
Translation involves interpreting the meaning of a text in one language and producing an equivalent text in another language that communicates the same message. A successful translation conveys both the explicit and implicit meaning from the source language as fully and accurately as possible. Translation requires competence in both languages as well as the ability to choose equivalent expressions and apply translation methodology while considering cultural and contextual factors.
This document provides information about translation and interpreting as professions. It begins by defining the key differences between translation, which deals with written text, and interpreting, which involves spoken communication. It then discusses the skills required for each profession, such as understanding nuances, conducting research, and communicating effectively. The document also outlines various paths to careers in translation or interpreting, including university programs, and describes some of the settings where translators and interpreters may work, such as in the public or private sectors.
Mission Translate is a global leader in language services, dedicated to excellence across translation, localisation, transcription, and interpreting. With a focus on innovation and quality, they serve a wide array of sectors, ensuring cultural nuances are meticulously respected.
Their commitment is underscored by ISO accreditations, reflecting high standards in every project. Through client-centric solutions and a global network of professional linguists, they aim to foster seamless communication across borders.
Our journey and ethos can be explored at https://www.missiontranslate.com/about-us/.
Our services on offer are detailed at https://www.missiontranslate.com/services/.
The sectors we serve are outlined at https://www.missiontranslate.com/sectors/.
Translation and interpretation involve transferring ideas between languages. Translation is the process of representing written text in one language using the words of another. Interpretation involves orally conveying messages from one language to another. Both require competency in the source and target languages as well as understanding of different fields, styles, and cultural differences between languages to accurately transfer meaning. Qualities of good translation include being able to translate back to the original language and yield the same meaning, as well as testing comprehension through questions. Interpretation requires quick oral translation and knowledge of various topics to flexibly convey messages between speakers of different languages.
This document discusses various topics related to translation, including definitions, procedures, methods, problems, and categories of translation. It summarizes different scholars' perspectives on translation, such as Newmark, Bassnett, and Gentzler. It also outlines Nida's translating procedures, Newmark's distinction between translation methods and procedures, and various translation methods proposed by Newmark, including word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. The document also discusses full vs. partial translation and total vs. restricted translation. Finally, it briefly covers types of interpreting, interpreting skills, ethics, strategies/testing, and quality criteria.
E-learning Translation Services In IndiaCrystal Hues
Certified E-learning Translation Services In India
E-learning translation services improve your learners' training quality and engagement. E-learning translation is ideal for academics, global workforces, independent course designers, and any educator looking to engage students in many languages.
Please feel free to contact us for E-learning Translation Services at an affordable cost.
Phone: +919000666742
Email: info@crystalhues.com
This document discusses the different forms of writing in translation, including literary translation, informative translation, technical translation, cultural translation, and vocative translation.
Literary translation focuses on translating literature while maintaining artistic quality. Informative translation aims to convey the overall message or theme of a text without focusing on word-for-word translation. Technical translation deals with non-literary texts related to technical fields and requires subject knowledge. Cultural translation focuses on cultural processes and movements between cultures rather than fixed texts. Vocative translation involves translating terms used to directly address readers or listeners.
The document provides examples and explanations of each translation form to explore how translators approach texts differently depending on their literary, informative, technical, cultural, or
The document discusses the components and types of communication. The key components of communication are a sender, medium, message, language/protocol, and receiver. The types of communication are human-to-human, machine-to-machine, and human-to-machine. Human-to-human uses natural language, machine-to-machine uses binary language, and human-to-machine requires programming languages since humans and machines understand different languages.
This document discusses language translation and provides an overview of a language translation tool. It begins with an introduction that defines translation and its objectives. It then discusses why translation is necessary in different contexts like education, business, and media. The document outlines the hardware, software, and development tools required for the language translation tool, including using Python and Visual Studio Code. It describes the methodology used in the tool, which utilizes the Googletrans library to implement Google Translate API. The modes of the translation tool include writing text, processing, output, and listening. The document concludes with discussing the future of translation and the benefits of language translators.
This document summarizes a student's summer internship report on developing a language translation program. The report includes an introduction describing language translation, the objective of developing a simple and easy to use translation system, and a background section describing the importance of translation. It outlines the methodology, tools, and technologies used including hardware, software, and development tools. The report then describes the implementation and provides a conclusion on future improvements.
Similar to MIDTERM EXAM WITH TOS AND ANSWER KEY IN TRANSLATION AND EDITING.doc (20)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
MIDTERM EXAM WITH TOS AND ANSWER KEY IN TRANSLATION AND EDITING.doc
1. Midterm Exam
Translation and editing
Multiple choice
1. The following are the translator’s role, EXCEPT_______
A. to send the message across without any form of distortion or emphasis
B. to appreciate, promote or share culture across continents
C. to understand the culture of the target clients and communicate efficiently using their local language
D. To interpret the culture of the people
2. It is about the general concept of the material quickly condensed into culturally appropriate language.
A. Editing
B. Translating
C. Interpretating
D. Analyzing
3. It relates to a wide range of documents spanning all manner technological and scientfic subjects.
A. Technical Translation
B. Literal translation
C. Legal Translation
D. Computer-Aided translation
4. to communicate only means that the ____________ will be clearly sent in its equivalent context to the target audience.
A. Translated message
A. original message
B. Edited message
C. Analyzed message
5. how can one build or sustain a sound relationship across the world if there’s lack of understanding to one another?
A. provide an effective means of communication
B. Hire skilled interpreter in English
C. Employ an editor
D. All of the above
6. The key steps involved in producing a high-quality finished product are____________
A. translation and editing
2. B. Editing and interpretation
C. Analyzing and translation
D. Translation and interpretation
7. The first linguist to work with the source text is ________________________
A. Editor
B. Translator
C. Interpreter
D. Teacher
8. The main goal of the translator is ______________
A. to accurately render the text from the original language into the target language
B. To give the literal essence of the text
C. To transcribe the text
D. To interprete the text magically
9. the second person to work with the source text and is the first person to review the target content.
A. Editor
B. Translator
C. Interpreter
D. Teacher
10. Which of the following is NOT the role of the editor
A. to improve the overall quality of the translation.
B. to pay attention to accuracy and word choice, consistent use of vocabulary and style, and grammar and punctuation.
C. to review the entire translation to ensure consistent use of style and terminology.
D. to ensure the translation reads as if it were revised and interpreted by the author in the target language.
11. It is about the general concept of the material quickly condensed into culturally appropriate language.
A. Translation
B. Interpretation
C. Editing
D. Analyzing
12. In the international law, legal translation follows the following general rules , EXCEPT_________
A. Legal system of the source language must suit the culture of the language format and reflective of the legal language
3. B. The translation should be read by someone who is well-versed with the other legal system where the translation was prepared
C. Proper documentation of the translation is required such as certificate of accuracy, witness statement, court orders, immigration documents, labels
and other related documents.
D. To report legal matters to ensure understanding passages of documents that are legal in nature.
13. It is the communication of meaning from one language (the source) to another language (the target).
A. Translation
B. Interpretation
C. Editing
D. Analyzing
14. Which of the following is NOT the Characteristics of Mechanical/Machine Translation
A. a computer program analyses a source text and produces a target text without further human intervention.
B. machine translation typically does involve human intervention, in the form of pre-editing and post-editing
C.the use of a controlled language, combined with a machine-translation tool, will typically generate largely comprehensible translations (AirSpeak)
D. Relying on machine translation exclusively accepts the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded
15. Which of the following is the Advantage of Machine Translation
A. pre-translation procedure (computer-aided TR)
B. raw material for Computer refinement
C. inability to recognize voice
D. Ignore inputs
16.Which of the following is the restriction of machine translation?
A. Machine translation could only translate the texts from one language to another.
B. Can do what a human translator could do, which is to take into account the grammar, idioms, conventions and etc.
C. Can preserve the meaning as close to the original as possible.
D. computers are not human beings
16. Why translation is a complex process that only humans are able to do?
A. It is not a scientific calculation or a mathematical equation that could be programmed into an intelligent machine.
B. The process involves the work of a professional linguist/translator, usually a native speaker or one who has studied the target language
extensively.
4. C. The translator will translate the original text into a version that captures the spirit and meaning of the original using the right tone and style suitable
for the target reader of the translated text.
D. All of the above
17. Which of the following is the advantage of Human Translation?
A.Human can ignore the help of professional translators
B. Humans are able to pick up on the intricacies of linguistics and can implement their own experiences and gut feelings to do a job well.
C. Human may break down a language and inject excitement into the content to alter the meaning of the text
D. Human have the ability to hop on the phone or a Skype call with a human translator to agree on details to omit.
18. Which of the following is the limitation of human translation?
A.Human translation projects are not as fast to complete as MT, and it is more expensive of a process.
B. human translators has no ability to massage your content to capture the ineffable components so it resonates in a deeper way.
C. it s process is cheaper than the rest.
D. Human translation can be done by anybody.
20. It is refer to the transfer from one language to another of the verbal components contained in audiovisual works and products.
A. Human Translation
B. Audiovisual translation
C. Machine Translation
D. Literal Translation
21. Feature films, television programs, theatrical plays, musicals, opera, Web pages, and video games are just some examples of __________
A. Human Translation
B. Audiovisual translation
C. Machine Translation
D. Literal Translation
22. It is one of the typical characteristics that define audiovisual translation
A. Speech
5. B. Sound
C. Phonemes
D. Morphemes
23. The following are the criteria for the work of an audiovisual translator, EXCEPT________.
A. Translate cultural references adequately, and thus know the cultures of your working languages well.
B. Translate onomatopoeia with equivalent sounds in the target language (if they exist)
C. Tend to overuse of colloquialism
D. Become acquainted with sources out of the field
24. It is the the oral adaptation of an audiovisual document in which you do not have any traces of the original language.
A. Synchronization
B. Subtitles
C. Localization
D. Register
25. translating and adapting all elements of websites, video games, software and other audiovisual documents to provide a better consumer
approved product in a certain country it is exported to.
A. Synchronization
B. Subtitles
6. C. Localization
D. Register
II. TRUE OR FALSE
26.human translators carry out all the processes involved in the translation of written text.
27. Human language does not resemble mathematical equations.
28. Modern-day translators use sophisticated tools and technologies to accomplish their work, and rely heavily on software applications to simplify
and streamline their tasks.
29. Translation refers to written information, whereas interpretation refers to spoken information.
30. translation is the part of the process that takes the most time, the translator must also be very focused on efficiency and productivity
31. The translator and the editor would work differently to avoid confusion and influence
32. Interpretation and paraphrasing is synonymous.
33. When a translation is edited by a second linguist, the consistency and accuracy of the original translation is improved
34.Most linguists involved in the translation industry often work as both translators and editors.
35.The translator can do more jobs at the same time on efficiency and productivity of the translation.
36.The editor’s job is not to add their own stylistic touch, but to improve the quality and ensure that the client’s expectations are met.
37. Read your translations aloud to pick up any unnatural phrasing, and spend time refining and polishing your wording
Test III. Matching Type: Match Column A with Column B
COLUMN A COLUMN B
38.Linguistic Expertise A. need to make every effort to stay up-to-
date with modern trends of vocabulary.
39.Awareness of the Evolution of
Language B.have a level of fluency that enables them to
7. communicate and understand the languages
they translate at a near-native level.
40.Appreciation for Other Cultures
c.with expertise in a variety of industries to
supportthe needs ofdiverse client-base
41.Attention to Detail
D.can check, double-check, and triple-check to
ensure that every detail is correct.
42.Area of Specialization E. They believe they have a valuable role to
play by sharing their linguistic appreciation
with the world.
43.Time Management Skills F.demand perfection from themselves and
those around them—and they feel confident in
the quality of their work.
44.Ability to Accept Criticism
G.have a deep interestin language and
translation that inspires them amid the
pressure
45.Passion for Language H.know how to strike the perfect balance
between speed and accuracy to keep their
clients happy.
I.need to transpose the source
J.
8. Subject: TRANSLATION AND EDITING Time : 8:00-9:00PM Room : K202 Term : 1ST
Instructor :ROSE E. USERO, MAEd
Academic Year: 2020-2021 Semester: IST
Topic
Learning
Competencies /
Objectives
R U Ap An E C
Tot
al
IV. Transliteration
V. Translators
a. Roles of Translators
b. Attributes
VI. Techniques in Translation
a. Computer-Assisted
b. Machine Translation
c. Subtitling
d. Editing/Post Editing
VII. Press Freedom and Limitations
a. Constitutional Guarantees
b. Delimitations
c. Anti-Obscenity Laws
d. Libel
e. Copyright Law
a. explain what
transliteration is;
b. discuss the
different techniques
in translation;
c. refresh one’s
knowledge on
press freedom and
limitations;
d. reflect on the
significance of
translating and
having translators;
and
e. explore each one’s
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1
9,20,21,33,34,
35,38,39,40
17,18,29,30
,31,41
15,16,26,27
,28,42,43
13,14,26,4
4
11,12,24
,25,45
8,9,10,
22,23,3
6,37
45
9. f. Right of privacy
g. National Securit
cultures through
translation
TOTAL 45
10. Translation and editing
ANSWER KEY:
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. A
16. A
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. B
21. B
22. A
23. C
24. A
25. C
26. T
27. T
28. T
29. T
30. T
31. F
32. T
33. T
34. T
35. F
36. T
37. T
38. B
39. A
40. E
41. D
42. C
43. H
44. F
45. G