This document contains instructions and questions for a navigation and guidance control exam. It asks students to design a long range radar system based on their student ID number and calculate various radar parameters. It then provides multiple choice questions about radar systems, control systems, aircraft navigation and landing systems. It contains diagrams and asks students to identify systems, explain control mechanisms, and propose emergency procedures to safely land an aircraft experiencing multiple failures.

1. PAF – Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology Main Campus
Course: Navigation & Guidance Control
Faculty Name: Najeeb Haider Jafri
Class ID: 63209, 63235 Time:2Hr
Examination: 2nd Hourly Exam Spring-16 15 March, 2015
Max Marks: 200
Design a long range Radar with high SCV your third digit of student ID is your
pulse width in microseconds and PRF is 500 Hz plus first two digits of your
student ID . Your transmitting frequency is your student ID multiplied by
100000, the 2nd digit of your student ID is the PRF of Radar in KHz. The duty
cycle is one hundredth of the first digit of your student ID multiplied by 500
and divided by the 1st digit again. The peak power is 40 kilowatts. The signal to
clutter ratio is 1000 million. Note: If a zero appears somewhere in your student
ID replace it with number 1. The radar also provides a gate signal to duplexer
which is one microsecond longer then the PW. Also Beam width is forth digit of
student ID ( 100 marks)
Q1. (A). Calculate the following parameter of radar
(i) Average power
(ii) Pulse width (PW)
(iii) SCV
(iv) Resolution of radar dependent on range
(v) Minimum detectable range with and without gate pulse (also illustrate )
Q1. (B) If RPM is 120 rev/min then calculate the following.
(i) Beam width
(ii) Scan time
(iii) Hits per scan
(iv)Total number of pulses in one revolution.
(v) Explain how can you improve range and azimuth resolution and what is the
flip side?
Q1. (C).What kind of radar is this? Calculate its following parameters:
(i) Find PRT if Rmax is 1000km
(ii) Calculate & illustrate unambiguous & ambiguous range (keep Q1(i) in
mind)
(iii) Azimuth resolution and range resolution also illustrate .
(iv) Clutter echo if target echo is 1000 micro watts
(v) MDS
Q1. (D). Calculate its following parameters:
(i) what would be the PW if ambiguous plus unambiguous range is 2000km
keeping the DC same which you have calculated above?
(ii) Where the actual aircraft would be if the unambiguous pulse is displayed at
40km from the origin.
(iii) What is the purpose of ISU and staggered PRF?
(iv) What would be RCS if Gain of antenna is 100 and Smin is 100 nano watts
(vi) Calculate the 3rd blind speedof your designed radar.

2. Q1(E) Explain the under mentioned diagram ? What kind of Radar is shown in
diagram ?
Q1(F) What is radar cross sectional area ?
(i) What role it play in stealth?
(ii) Calculate RCS if product of gain and antenna aperture is 10000?
(iii) What is the difference in received power of primary and secondary radar?
(iv) What is MTA and the role it play in radar?
(v) What is RCI? Why it plays a pivotal role in winning a war?
Q2. (A). Explain the diagram and show if it is stable or not by drawing its root locus :-
Rudder servo = (s+2)/(s+1), Airplane dynamics =s(s+1)/(s+3) (s+4) Rate
gyro=1/s(S+2). Also calculate wd, wn and zeta. (25 marks)
Q2(B) ) It is required that the output from the system represented in Figure
2B (a) in response to a particular deterministic input should be identical to that of the
systemrepresented in Figure 2B(b), in response to the same input. Solve
(25 marks)
Figure 2 B Block diagram
(b) what will happen if we choose s and then 1/s in feedback path ?

3. Q3.(A). ) The Transfer Function of undermentioned diagram is a phugoid ,add the TF
of compensator in such a way that systemhas a critical damping factor select your
own function for blocks, make the characteristic equation ,make it’s root locus
calculate zeta ,sigma and omega damped and omega natural … also write why and
where we use PID controllers , lead and lag compensators …..
(25 marks)
Q3. (D). Make the transfer function of compensated root locus and calculate its
zeta,wd ,wn and sigma , what would be the settling time of modified root locus …
( 25 marks )

4. Q4 BONUS TOTAL (20 Marks)
Q4(A) Answer the following : (Bonus 10 Marks)
Q4. (a). What is the role of TIS and TAS, and how is related to ADSB?
Q4.(b). What is the difference between CPA and PVA? Also high light the
Characteristics of TCAS I, II and III systems?
Q4. (c ). How FRUIT can be avoided? And how it differs from synchronous garbling?
Q4. (d). Draw a diagram of IVSI Display of TCAS and show the symbols of RA & TA
in order of priority?
Q4. (e). What is WS and when it is used? And what is SESAR ?
Q4. (f). The difference between Squitter and Squacking? (One line, just the difference )
Q4. (g) Show diagrammatically the difference between P2 and P4 pulse and explain the
purpose?
Q4. (B). ) You are in process of landing approach on DH and the Aircraft encountered
three major problems (Bonus 5 Marks )
(a) When the pilot applied rudders the aircraft suddenly banked and did not come to
trimmed flight evenafter applying the opposite rudder paddles … The rudder
hydraulics motor fault light is on …
(b) One by one all engines switched off …
(c) LOC and GS Flags were in active state ..
(d) VSI reading is erratic and radar altimeter is not working .
What actions must be taken to Secure the aircraft safely on the runway …Use your
Navigation and controls concepts to answer this question.. Which control laws and
architecture will you utilize? Also write with which system these problems are related
and how would you rectify it? Should you use TOGA approach?
Q4. (C). Explain the undermentioned diagram ,what does it represent and how it is
controlled ?(Only in THREE lines )
(Bonus 5 marks )
Good Luck and Enjoy Navigation