This document defines key terms and concepts from medieval Europe including monks, serfs, Clovis, Vikings, vassals, Charlemagne, tournaments, feudalism, excommunication, knights, siege warfare, Gothic architecture, guilds, and the movement back into cities. It also provides the names for the Churchly kingdom (Christendom), church officials (clergy), church law (canon law), and a knight's code of honor (chivalry).

3. ___________ were men who separated
themselves from normal human society to
pursue a life of total dedication to God.

4. Monks

5. Peasant workers bound to the land by
contract with the nobles, (not technically
slaves, but they had limited rights).

6. Serfs (up)!

7. __________ was a strong military leader and
also became the first Germanic ruler to
convert to Christianity.

8. Clovis

10. During the ninth and tenth centuries Europe
was beset by a wave of invasions. The
most far reaching of these attacks came
from the ____________, who raided,
pillaged, destroyed cities and even
defeated small armies.

11. Vikings

12. A person who swears loyalty to a king or
noble and provides military service in
return for land was known as a ______.

13. Vassal

14. ______________ is sometimes referred to as
the “Father of Europe” for uniting it into
one kingdom, converting many to
Christianity and encouraging education.

15. Charlemagne

17. Trained as warriors but with no adult
responsibilities, young knights began to
hold ____________ (mock battles) in the
twelfth century.

18. Tournaments

19. Foreign invaders posed a threat to the safety of
the people, especially in the absence of a strong
central government. People began to turn to
local wealthy land owning aristocrats or nobles
to protect them. This change led to the new
political and social system called ____________.

20. Feudalism

21. Although kings or emperors were the highest
position in the land, popes actually had
power over leaders in certain cases. The
pope had the power to _______________ or
banish from the Church and deny salvation.

22. Excommunicate

24. To be a knight, you first had to be a __________.
(Not rank, but status)

25. A noble

26. Many battles took place at castles. Attacking
armies would surround the castle, cut off
food and supplies. If the defenders refused to
surrender, a battle would take place. These
battles were very gory.
This type of warfare is known as ___________.

27. Siege Warfare

29. ___________ architecture is one of the
greatest artistic triumphs of the Middle
Ages, especially in churches and cathedrals.

30. Gothic

31. Organizations of people in the same
occupation such as cloth makers, bakers,
or glass makers were known as ______.

32. Guilds
We represent the
Lollipop Guild, the
Lollipop Guild!

33. As a result of the increase in population and
revitalization of trade, many people started
to ____.

34. Move back into cities

36. Provide the name or description for the following:
 The Churchly kingdom -
 Church Officials -
 Church Law -
 Knight’s Christian code of Honor -

37.  The Churchly kingdom - Christendom
 Church Officials - Clergy
 Church Law - Canon Law
 Knight’s Christian code of Honor - Chivalry