Gamification techniques like points, badges, and leaderboards (PBL) can be used to increase user engagement and loyalty by appealing to human desires for achievement and social comparison. PBL works by awarding points for activities, badges for accomplishments, and displaying leaderboards to encourage competition. However, onboarding new users also requires tutorials, visual aids, and an easy initial experience to prevent them from leaving due to lack of understanding or perceived lack of progress filling experience bars. Maintaining an active user base over time requires addressing the "empty bar problem" of how to retain users when content is exhausted.