Microsoft windows
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It describes how to built-up a network and what is required .
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Microsoft windows
- 2. TOPIC Course : NETWORK ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
- 3. Iqra Munir. Mehak Nawaz. Aneela Waheed. Ali Rashid. Atif Hussain. Hassan Safeer. Presented to: Prof. Jahanzaib Ismat Malhi (JIM) & Mates.
- 4. Company /developer Microsoft Written in C, C++, and Assembly language Working state Current Source model Closed source / Shared source Initial release July 27, 1993 (as Windows NT 3.1) Latest release 6.3.9600 (October 17, 2013) Update method Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC, ARM, Itanium Kernel type Hybrid Default user interface Graphical (Windows shell) License Depending on version, edition or customer choice: Trialware, commercial software, volume licensing, OEM-only, SaaS, S+S Official website www.microsoft.com/windows/
- 5. Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993. It is a high-level-language-based, processor-independent, multiprocessing, multi-user operating system. NT was the first fully 32-bit version of Windows, whereas its consumer-oriented counterparts, Windows 3.1x and Windows 9x, were 16-bit/32-bit hybrids. Windows NT 3.1 was the first version of Windows to utilize 32-bit "flat" virtual memory addressing on 32-bit processors. Its companion product, Windows 3.1, used segmented addressing and switches from 16-bit to 32-bit addressing in pages.
- 6. • Layered Model • Client/Server Model • Object Model • Symmetric Multiprocessing • Asymmetric Multiprocessing
- 7. Application Program Application Program System Services File System Memory and I/O Device Management Processor Scheduling Hardware User Mode Kernel Mode
- 10. Memory Operating System User Thread User Thread User Thread User Thread Operating System I/O Devices(Monitor,Mouse,Keyboard) Processor A Processor B
- 11. Memory Operating System User Thread User Thread I/O Devices(Monitor,Mouse,Keyboard) Processor A Processor B User Thread
- 12. •Windows NT Server. •Windows NT Workstations.
- 13. Server Performance 256 Inbound Sessions Fault Tolerance Support Internet Information Server Powered by Microsoft BackOffice Windows NT Directory Services AccountsAccounts Resources Resources Macintosh Client Support Windows NT Server Windows NT Server Additional Network Services Administrative Wizards
- 14. Windows NT Workstation Windows MessagingInternet Explorer Microsoft Internet Explorer FREE Hardware Profiles ? Desktop Performance Peer Web Services Security Operating System Stability
- 15. Multiple Platforms Multitasking and Multithreading Operations Security Windows NT Workstation Windows NT Server Multitasking Desktop Operating System Network Server Operating System
- 16. • Protected Subsystems • NT Executive
- 17. • Environment subsystem • Integral subsystem
- 19. •16-bit Windows •32-bit Windows •OS/2 •POSIX •TCP/IP •Data Link Control
- 20. Version Marketing name Editions Release date Build number 3.1 Windows NT 3.1 Workstation (named just Windows NT), Advanced Server July 27, 1993 528 3.5 Windows NT 3.5 Workstation, Server September 21, 1994 807 3.51 Windows NT 3.51 Workstation, Server May 30, 1995 1057 4.0 Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded July 29, 1996 1381 5.0 Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server February 17, 2000 2195 Datacenter Server September 26, 2000
- 21. 5.1 Windows XP Home, Professional, Media Center (original, 2003, 2004 & 2005), Tablet PC (original and 2005), Starter, Embedded, Home N, Professional N October 25, 2001 2600 Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs N/A July 8, 2006 5.2 Windows XP 64-bit Edition Version 2003 March 28, 2003 3790 Windows Server 2003 Business Server, Compute Cluster April 24, 2003 Windows XP Professional x64 Edition April 25, 2005 Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard, Enterprise,, Compute Cluster December 6, 2005 Windows Home N/A July 16, 2007 Version Marketing name Editions Release date Build number
- 22. 6.0 Windows Vista Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, Ultimate, Home Basic N, Business N Business: November 30, 2006 Consumer: January 30, 2007 6000 (RTM) 6001 (SP1) 6002 (SP2) Windows Server 2008 Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web Server, HPC Server, Itanium-Based Systems February 27, 2008 6001 (RTM) 6002 (SP2) 6.1 Windows 7 Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate October 22, 2009 7600 (RTM) 7601 (SP1) Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web Server, HPC Server, Itanium-Based Systems October 22, 2009 7600 (RTM) 7601 (SP1) Windows Home Server 2011 N/A April 6, 2011 7600 (RTM) Version Marketing name Editions Release date Build number
- 23. 6.2 Windows 8 Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8 Enterprise, Windows RT October 26, 2012 9200 Windows Server 2012 Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter September 4, 2012 9200 6.3 windows 8.1 Windows 8.1, Windows 8.1 Pro, Windows 8.1 Enterprise, Windows RT 8.1 October 18, 2013 9600 Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter October 18, 2013 9600 Version Marketing name Editions Release date Build number
- 24. • Extensibility • Portability • Reliability • Compatibility
- 25. A main design goal of NT was hardware and software portability. Microsoft decided to create a portable operating system, compatible with OS/2, POSIX and supporting multiprocessing.
- 26. •When you start a computer running Windows, the boot process may not succeed, if the Ntdetect.com file is missing or damaged and you may receive the following error message: NTDetect Failed •If a problem occurs after selecting Windows NT from the boot loader screen, files that are needed by the operating system might be missing or corrupt. •If you have installed new hardware or new drivers, they could be causing the problem.
- 27. •The computer hangs immediately after the Power On Self Test (POST). •You do not see the boot loader screen. •Missing operating system. •A disk read error occurred. •Insert a system diskette and restart the system. •Invalid partition table. •Hard Disk Error. •Hard Disk Absent/Failed. •The Master Boot Record is corrupt. •The Partition Boot Sector is corrupt. •The Boot.ini file is missing •The Windows NT boot loader, NTLDR, is missing or corrupt •Hardware has malfunctioned.
- 28. Windows NT is a symmetric multiprocessing operating system which support multiple operating system environments. It has a Windows graphical user interface and runs Win32, 16-bit Windows, MS-DOS, POSIX, and OS/2 program. It employs advanced operating system principles such as virtual memory, preemptive multitasking, structured exception handling, and operating system objects. It is secure, powerful, reliable, and flexible.
Editor's Notes
- An operating system is a complex program, a layering of detail upon detail. Orchestrating these details into a cohesive form is one of the most important tasks in creating a new operating system. A unifying model is required to ensure that the system can accommodate its required features without compromising its design goals. An operating system model is a broad framework that unifies the many features and services the system provides and the tasks it performs. The Windows NT design was guided by a combination of several models. Windows NT uses a layered model in the bottom part of NT structure to hide the machine specific hardware details and provide consistent services to the upper layers, it uses client/server model to provide multiple operating system environments(initially, Windows, MS-DOS, OS/2, and POSIX) to its users, and it uses an object model to uniformly manage operating system resources and dispense them to users. Another model, symmetric multiprocessing(SMP), allow Windows NT to achieve maximum performance from multiprocessor computers.
- Kernel Mode In Kernel mode, the executing code has complete and unrestricted access to the primary hardware. It can execute any CPU instruction and reference any memory address. Kernel mode is generally reserved for the lowest-level, most trusted functions of the operating system. Crashes in kernel mode are catastrophic; they will halt the entire PC. User Mode In User mode, the executing code has no ability to directly access hardware or reference memory. Code running in user mode must delegate to system APIs to access hardware or memory. Due to the protection afforded by this sort of isolation, crashes in user mode are always recoverable. Most of the code running on your computer will execute in user mode.
- The structure of Windows NT can be divided into two parts: the user-mode portion of the system(the Windows NT protected subsystems) and the kernel-mode portion(the NT executive). Windows NT servers are called protected subsystem because each one resides in a separate process whose memory is protected from other processes by the NT executive’s virtual memory system. They communicate with each other by passing messages. The NT executive is capable of supporting any number of server processes. The servers give the NT executive its user and programming interfaces and provide execution environments for various type of applications.
- Windows NT has two types of protected subsystems: environment subsystem and integral subsystem. An environment subsystem is a user-mode server that provides an API specific to an operating system. When an application calls an API routine, the call is delivered through LPC facility to the environment subsystem. The environment subsystem executes the API routine and returns the result to the application process by sending another LPC. The most important environment subsystem in Windows NT is Win32 subsystem. The remaining protected subsystems, the integral subsystems, are servers that perform important operating system functions. One of them is security subsystem, which runs in user mode and records the security policies in effect on the local computer. Several components of the Windows NT networking software are also implemented as integral subsystems.