Microprocessor VIVA/Interview Questions And Answers document contains information about microprocessors and their architecture. It discusses topics like:
- The main components of a microprocessor including fetching instructions from memory, decoding and executing them. It also discusses single-chip microprocessors.
- The various registers in 8085 and 8086 microprocessors including the accumulator, stack pointer, program counter, flags and more.
- Interrupts in 8085 including hardware interrupts like TRAP, RST7.5 and software interrupts. It also discusses maskable and non-maskable interrupts.
- Memory addressing modes like immediate, direct, register, register indirect and implied addressing.
- C
The document discusses various aspects of the 8085 microprocessor such as its registers, flags, addressing modes, interrupts, and instructions. It provides details about the accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, and temporary registers in 8085. It also explains the different types of interrupts in 8085 including TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, and INTR and their priority order. Finally, it discusses the purpose of various instructions like CALL, PUSH, POP, and RET and addressing modes including immediate, register, direct, indirect and implied modes.
The document discusses Microprocessor and its Applications. It contains 28 questions related to microprocessors, their basic units, addressing modes, interrupts, assembly language instructions, and more. Specifically, it discusses the 8085 and 8051 microcontrollers, explaining concepts like multiplexing, flags, machine cycles, timing diagrams, and memory mapping.
This document contains an assignment for a course on Microprocessors and Assembly Language. It includes 11 multiple choice and short answer questions about microprocessor fundamentals like the 8086 architecture, instruction fetching process, and developing assembly language programs. It covers topics such as the differences between 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microprocessors, the functions of execution units, memory addressing, and the major steps for writing assembly language programs.
This document discusses the basics of microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor. It begins with definitions of a microprocessor and its basic units. It then discusses multiplexing and how the 8085 demultiplexes address and data lines. It explains the functions of the IO/M, READY, HOLD and HLDA signals in the 8085. It defines flags and lists the flags in the 8085. It also defines terms like mnemonics, machine cycles, instruction cycles, fetch and execute cycles. It lists the machine cycles of the 8085 and explains the need for timing diagrams. It defines terms like T-state, opcode and operand. It discusses addressing modes in the 8085. It compares memory mapped I/
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answersAbhijith Augustine
The document contains questions and answers related to microprocessors and computer architecture. It defines a microprocessor as a CPU fabricated on a single chip that fetches and executes instructions. The basic units of a microprocessor are described as an ALU, registers, and a control unit. Key features of the Intel 8086 microprocessor from 1978 are provided, such as its 16-bit architecture, instruction set, and pin configuration. The differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller are explained. [END SUMMARY]
The 8086 microprocessor is Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 uses segmented memory architecture, dividing memory into segments of up to 64KB addressed through segment registers. It has on-chip registers for code, data, stack, and one extra segment. The 8086's execution and bus interface units operate in parallel via an instruction queue, enabling pipelined processing.
The 8086 microprocessor is Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 uses segmented memory architecture, dividing memory into segments of up to 64KB addressed through segment registers. It has on-chip registers for code, data, stack, and one extra segment. The 8086's execution and bus interface units operate in parallel via an instruction queue, enabling pipelined processing.
The document discusses various aspects of the 8085 microprocessor such as its registers, flags, addressing modes, interrupts, and instructions. It provides details about the accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, and temporary registers in 8085. It also explains the different types of interrupts in 8085 including TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, and INTR and their priority order. Finally, it discusses the purpose of various instructions like CALL, PUSH, POP, and RET and addressing modes including immediate, register, direct, indirect and implied modes.
The document discusses Microprocessor and its Applications. It contains 28 questions related to microprocessors, their basic units, addressing modes, interrupts, assembly language instructions, and more. Specifically, it discusses the 8085 and 8051 microcontrollers, explaining concepts like multiplexing, flags, machine cycles, timing diagrams, and memory mapping.
This document contains an assignment for a course on Microprocessors and Assembly Language. It includes 11 multiple choice and short answer questions about microprocessor fundamentals like the 8086 architecture, instruction fetching process, and developing assembly language programs. It covers topics such as the differences between 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microprocessors, the functions of execution units, memory addressing, and the major steps for writing assembly language programs.
This document discusses the basics of microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor. It begins with definitions of a microprocessor and its basic units. It then discusses multiplexing and how the 8085 demultiplexes address and data lines. It explains the functions of the IO/M, READY, HOLD and HLDA signals in the 8085. It defines flags and lists the flags in the 8085. It also defines terms like mnemonics, machine cycles, instruction cycles, fetch and execute cycles. It lists the machine cycles of the 8085 and explains the need for timing diagrams. It defines terms like T-state, opcode and operand. It discusses addressing modes in the 8085. It compares memory mapped I/
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answersAbhijith Augustine
The document contains questions and answers related to microprocessors and computer architecture. It defines a microprocessor as a CPU fabricated on a single chip that fetches and executes instructions. The basic units of a microprocessor are described as an ALU, registers, and a control unit. Key features of the Intel 8086 microprocessor from 1978 are provided, such as its 16-bit architecture, instruction set, and pin configuration. The differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller are explained. [END SUMMARY]
The 8086 microprocessor is Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 uses segmented memory architecture, dividing memory into segments of up to 64KB addressed through segment registers. It has on-chip registers for code, data, stack, and one extra segment. The 8086's execution and bus interface units operate in parallel via an instruction queue, enabling pipelined processing.
The 8086 microprocessor is Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 uses segmented memory architecture, dividing memory into segments of up to 64KB addressed through segment registers. It has on-chip registers for code, data, stack, and one extra segment. The 8086's execution and bus interface units operate in parallel via an instruction queue, enabling pipelined processing.
This document contains questions and answers related to the 8085 microprocessor and its architecture. Some key details include:
- The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that uses registers like the accumulator, temporary, instruction, and stack pointer registers. The stack pointer and program counter are 16-bits.
- It uses flags like sign, zero, auxiliary, parity, and carry. The stack is LIFO and the program counter stores the address of the next instruction.
- When the HLT instruction is executed, the processor enters a halt state and the buses are tri-stated. Interrupts are classified as hardware or software.
This document provides information about the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It begins with definitions of a microprocessor and details about the 8085 such as its power supply, clock frequency, and functions of the accumulator. It then discusses the 8085's registers, allowed register pairs, purpose of SID and SOD lines, and function of the IO/M signal. The document lists the categories of 8085 instructions and examples. It explains the differences between JMP and CALL instructions and shift and rotate instructions. Other topics covered include wait states, 8085 interrupts, its signal classification, operations performed on data, and the steps to fetch a byte. The document concludes with questions about the 8086's software aspects, multiprocessor
The document provides information about the 8085 microprocessor, including its architecture, features, instruction formats, and addressing modes. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor with an accumulator, registers, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), flags, and I/O controls. It has three types of instructions that are 1, 2, or 3 bytes long. The addressing modes allow instructions to specify operands and include immediate, direct, register, register indirect, and implicit modes.
This document provides information about microprocessors and microcontrollers, specifically the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It discusses the architecture, features, registers, addressing modes, instruction sets and interrupts of the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Intel in 1977 using NMOS technology. The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor designed by Intel that can access 1 megabyte of memory and has 14 registers. Both microprocessors have various addressing modes including immediate, register, direct, indirect and relative modes.
architecture of 8086 new Lecture 4new.pptxDrVikasMahor
The document describes the architecture and pin configuration of the 8086 microprocessor. It discusses the various pins and signals of the 8086 chip. It explains that the pins can be categorized into three groups - signals common to minimum and maximum mode, signals with special functions in minimum mode, and signals with special functions for maximum mode. The document then proceeds to describe each of the important pins and signals of the 8086 microprocessor.
SYBSC IT SEM IV EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNIT III The 8051 MicrocontrollersArti Parab Academics
The 8051 Microcontrollers: Microcontrollers and Embedded processors, Overview of 8051 family. 8051 Microcontroller hardware, Input/output pins, Ports, and Circuits, External Memory. 8051 Programming in C: Data Types and time delay in 8051 C, I/O Programming, Logic operations, Data conversion Programs
The document compares the Intel 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. The 8086 is a faster, more powerful 16-bit processor compared to the 8-bit 8085. Key differences include the 8086 having a larger address bus and data bus, more transistors allowing for faster processing, additional registers and instructions, and features like memory segmentation and parallel processing that improved performance. The 8086 also used a pipeline architecture to more efficiently fetch and execute instructions.
The document describes the pinouts and signals of the 8085 microprocessor IC. It discusses the 7 groups of pins - address bus, data bus, control/status signals, power supply, clock signals, interrupts/external signals, and serial I/O signals. It also summarizes the 5 addressing modes of the 8085 - immediate, register, direct, indirect, and implied. Finally, it provides details about the different types of interrupts in the 8085 including TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, and INTR interrupts and interrupt service routines.
The document provides information about microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor. It defines key terms like microprocessor, ALU, registers, control unit, bus, machine cycle, T-state, instruction cycle, fetch cycle, execute cycle, flags, memory mapping, opcode fetch, interrupts, polling, and interrupt types. It describes the basic units and operations of a microprocessor, bus types, the instruction execution process, and interrupt handling. It also discusses I/O techniques, 8085 pins and signals, addressing modes, and differences between memory mapped and I/O mapped I/O.
The 8086 microprocessor was Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor released in 1978. It had several improvements over previous processors including being 16-bit instead of 8-bit, having an instruction queue to improve performance, and supporting segmented memory addressing to access more than 64KB of memory. The 8086 had a 16-bit external data bus, 20-bit address bus, and could address up to 1MB of memory. It operated at clock speeds between 5-10MHz and had around 29,000 transistors.
The document discusses various concepts related to microprocessors including their basic components and architecture. It defines key terms like microprocessor, ALU, registers, bus, memory mapping and interrupts. It also describes the architecture of 8086 microprocessor including its registers, addressing modes, functional units and interrupts. Interfacing I/O devices using ports is discussed along with examples like 8255 programmable port. Direct memory access and its initiation process are also summarized.
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from 1971 to present. It begins with Intel releasing the first microprocessor, the 4-bit 4004, in 1971. The document then outlines the progression from 4-bit to 8-bit to 16-bit and finally 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessors. It provides details on the features of early microprocessors like the 8008, 8080, 8085 and later models like the 8086, 80286, 80386 and Pentium. The number of transistors integrated onto a single chip doubled every 18 months, as predicted by Moore's Law.
The 8085 microprocessor has 40 pins that are grouped into address bus, data bus, control and status bus, power supply and frequency pins, externally initiated and acknowledgement signals, and serial I/O ports. It was introduced in 1976 and has an 8-bit processor architecture with a 16-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 64KB of memory. Internally, the 8085 includes an ALU, registers, timing and control unit, instruction register and decoder, and interrupt control unit.
i. The 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit processor with 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1 MB of memory space.
ii. It has 14 internal 16-bit registers used for storing data and addressing memory, including the Accumulator (AX), Base (BX), Count (CX), and Data (DX) registers.
iii. The 8086 uses a Harvard architecture with separate buses for instructions and data, allowing it to fetch instructions simultaneously with data processing for improved performance.
The 8085 microprocessor has three main sections: the arithmetic and logic section containing an accumulator, temporary register, ALU, and flag register; the register section containing general purpose registers and special purpose registers like the program counter and stack pointer; and the control section which fetches and decodes instructions and controls timing. It has limitations like an 8-bit word length resulting in slow processing speed, limited addressing modes, and inability to access more than 64KB of memory.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.
The document discusses the 8086 microprocessor architecture. It is a 16-bit microprocessor developed by Intel. Key points include:
- It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1 MB of memory.
- It uses memory segmentation to access more than 64KB of memory through segment registers and offsets.
- It has general purpose 16-bit registers including AX, BX, CX, and DX as well as other registers like the stack pointer and instruction pointer.
- It supports arithmetic, logical, and data transfer instructions on 16-bit operands as well as 8-bit operands.
- It can be configured in minimum or maximum mode depending
The document discusses different methods of data transfer between a microprocessor and input/output devices. It describes programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access (DMA) as common parallel data transfer schemes. For slower I/O devices, asynchronous or interrupt-driven methods are used to avoid wasted processor time waiting for the I/O device. Interrupt-driven I/O allows an I/O device to signal the processor when data is ready via an interrupt request, improving efficiency over programmed I/O.
This document contains questions and answers related to the 8085 microprocessor and its architecture. Some key details include:
- The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that uses registers like the accumulator, temporary, instruction, and stack pointer registers. The stack pointer and program counter are 16-bits.
- It uses flags like sign, zero, auxiliary, parity, and carry. The stack is LIFO and the program counter stores the address of the next instruction.
- When the HLT instruction is executed, the processor enters a halt state and the buses are tri-stated. Interrupts are classified as hardware or software.
This document provides information about the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It begins with definitions of a microprocessor and details about the 8085 such as its power supply, clock frequency, and functions of the accumulator. It then discusses the 8085's registers, allowed register pairs, purpose of SID and SOD lines, and function of the IO/M signal. The document lists the categories of 8085 instructions and examples. It explains the differences between JMP and CALL instructions and shift and rotate instructions. Other topics covered include wait states, 8085 interrupts, its signal classification, operations performed on data, and the steps to fetch a byte. The document concludes with questions about the 8086's software aspects, multiprocessor
The document provides information about the 8085 microprocessor, including its architecture, features, instruction formats, and addressing modes. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor with an accumulator, registers, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), flags, and I/O controls. It has three types of instructions that are 1, 2, or 3 bytes long. The addressing modes allow instructions to specify operands and include immediate, direct, register, register indirect, and implicit modes.
This document provides information about microprocessors and microcontrollers, specifically the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It discusses the architecture, features, registers, addressing modes, instruction sets and interrupts of the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Intel in 1977 using NMOS technology. The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor designed by Intel that can access 1 megabyte of memory and has 14 registers. Both microprocessors have various addressing modes including immediate, register, direct, indirect and relative modes.
architecture of 8086 new Lecture 4new.pptxDrVikasMahor
The document describes the architecture and pin configuration of the 8086 microprocessor. It discusses the various pins and signals of the 8086 chip. It explains that the pins can be categorized into three groups - signals common to minimum and maximum mode, signals with special functions in minimum mode, and signals with special functions for maximum mode. The document then proceeds to describe each of the important pins and signals of the 8086 microprocessor.
SYBSC IT SEM IV EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNIT III The 8051 MicrocontrollersArti Parab Academics
The 8051 Microcontrollers: Microcontrollers and Embedded processors, Overview of 8051 family. 8051 Microcontroller hardware, Input/output pins, Ports, and Circuits, External Memory. 8051 Programming in C: Data Types and time delay in 8051 C, I/O Programming, Logic operations, Data conversion Programs
The document compares the Intel 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. The 8086 is a faster, more powerful 16-bit processor compared to the 8-bit 8085. Key differences include the 8086 having a larger address bus and data bus, more transistors allowing for faster processing, additional registers and instructions, and features like memory segmentation and parallel processing that improved performance. The 8086 also used a pipeline architecture to more efficiently fetch and execute instructions.
The document describes the pinouts and signals of the 8085 microprocessor IC. It discusses the 7 groups of pins - address bus, data bus, control/status signals, power supply, clock signals, interrupts/external signals, and serial I/O signals. It also summarizes the 5 addressing modes of the 8085 - immediate, register, direct, indirect, and implied. Finally, it provides details about the different types of interrupts in the 8085 including TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, and INTR interrupts and interrupt service routines.
The document provides information about microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor. It defines key terms like microprocessor, ALU, registers, control unit, bus, machine cycle, T-state, instruction cycle, fetch cycle, execute cycle, flags, memory mapping, opcode fetch, interrupts, polling, and interrupt types. It describes the basic units and operations of a microprocessor, bus types, the instruction execution process, and interrupt handling. It also discusses I/O techniques, 8085 pins and signals, addressing modes, and differences between memory mapped and I/O mapped I/O.
The 8086 microprocessor was Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor released in 1978. It had several improvements over previous processors including being 16-bit instead of 8-bit, having an instruction queue to improve performance, and supporting segmented memory addressing to access more than 64KB of memory. The 8086 had a 16-bit external data bus, 20-bit address bus, and could address up to 1MB of memory. It operated at clock speeds between 5-10MHz and had around 29,000 transistors.
The document discusses various concepts related to microprocessors including their basic components and architecture. It defines key terms like microprocessor, ALU, registers, bus, memory mapping and interrupts. It also describes the architecture of 8086 microprocessor including its registers, addressing modes, functional units and interrupts. Interfacing I/O devices using ports is discussed along with examples like 8255 programmable port. Direct memory access and its initiation process are also summarized.
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from 1971 to present. It begins with Intel releasing the first microprocessor, the 4-bit 4004, in 1971. The document then outlines the progression from 4-bit to 8-bit to 16-bit and finally 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessors. It provides details on the features of early microprocessors like the 8008, 8080, 8085 and later models like the 8086, 80286, 80386 and Pentium. The number of transistors integrated onto a single chip doubled every 18 months, as predicted by Moore's Law.
The 8085 microprocessor has 40 pins that are grouped into address bus, data bus, control and status bus, power supply and frequency pins, externally initiated and acknowledgement signals, and serial I/O ports. It was introduced in 1976 and has an 8-bit processor architecture with a 16-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 64KB of memory. Internally, the 8085 includes an ALU, registers, timing and control unit, instruction register and decoder, and interrupt control unit.
i. The 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit processor with 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1 MB of memory space.
ii. It has 14 internal 16-bit registers used for storing data and addressing memory, including the Accumulator (AX), Base (BX), Count (CX), and Data (DX) registers.
iii. The 8086 uses a Harvard architecture with separate buses for instructions and data, allowing it to fetch instructions simultaneously with data processing for improved performance.
The 8085 microprocessor has three main sections: the arithmetic and logic section containing an accumulator, temporary register, ALU, and flag register; the register section containing general purpose registers and special purpose registers like the program counter and stack pointer; and the control section which fetches and decodes instructions and controls timing. It has limitations like an 8-bit word length resulting in slow processing speed, limited addressing modes, and inability to access more than 64KB of memory.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.
The document discusses the 8086 microprocessor architecture. It is a 16-bit microprocessor developed by Intel. Key points include:
- It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1 MB of memory.
- It uses memory segmentation to access more than 64KB of memory through segment registers and offsets.
- It has general purpose 16-bit registers including AX, BX, CX, and DX as well as other registers like the stack pointer and instruction pointer.
- It supports arithmetic, logical, and data transfer instructions on 16-bit operands as well as 8-bit operands.
- It can be configured in minimum or maximum mode depending
The document discusses different methods of data transfer between a microprocessor and input/output devices. It describes programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access (DMA) as common parallel data transfer schemes. For slower I/O devices, asynchronous or interrupt-driven methods are used to avoid wasted processor time waiting for the I/O device. Interrupt-driven I/O allows an I/O device to signal the processor when data is ready via an interrupt request, improving efficiency over programmed I/O.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
2. What is a Microprocessor?
Microprocessor is a program-controlled device, which fetches the
instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions. Most
Micro Processor are single- chip devices.
What are the flags in 8086?
In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag,
Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.
Why crystal is a preferred clock source?
Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency that
doesn’t drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of the times.
In 8085 which is called as High order/Low order Register? Flag
is called as Low order register & Accumulator is called as High order
Register.
What is Tri-state logic?
Three Logic Levels are used and they are High, Low, High impedance state.
The high and low are normal logic levels & high impedance state is electrical
open circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called enable line.
What happens when HLT instruction is executed in processor?
The Micro Processor enters into Halt-State and the buses are tri-stated.
3. Which Stack is used in 8085?
LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type of Stack the
last stored information can be retrieved first
What is Program counter?
Program counter holds the address of either the first byte of the next
instruction to be fetched for execution or the address of the next byte of
a
multi byte instruction, which has not been completely fetched. In both
the cases it gets incremented automatically one by one as the instruction
bytes
get fetched. Also Program register keeps the address of the next
instruction.
What are the various registers in 8085?
Accumulator register, Temporary register, Instruction register, Stack
Pointer, Program Counter are the various registers in 8085
What is 1st/2nd/3rd/4th generation processor?
The processor made of PMOS/NMOS/HMOS/HCMOS technology is called
1st/2nd/3rd/4th generation processor, and it is made up of 4/8
/ 16/32 bits.
Name the processor lines of two major manufacturers?
High-end: Intel - Pentium (II, III, 4), AMD - Athlon. Low-end: Intel -
Celeron, AMD - Duron. 64-bit: Intel - Itanium 2, AMD - Opteron.
4. What’s the speed and device maximum specs for Firewire?
IEEE 1394 (Firewire) supports the maximum of 63 connected devices with speeds
up to 400 Mbps.
Where’s MBR located on the disk?
Main Boot Record is located in sector 0, track 0, head 0, cylinder 0 of the primary
active partition.
Where does CPU Enhanced mode originate from?
Intel’s 80386 was the first 32-bit processor, and since the company had to
backward-support the 8086. All the modern Intel-based processors run in the
Enhanced mode, capable of switching between Real mode (just like the real
8086) and Protected mode, which is the current mode of operation.
How many bit combinations are there in a byte?
Byte contains 8 combinations of bits.
Have you studied buses? What types?
There are three types of buses.
Address bus: This is used to carry the Address to the memory to fetch either
Instruction or Data.
Data bus : This is used to carry the Data from the memory.
Control bus : This is used to carry the Control signals like RD/WR, Select etc.
5. What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?
5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.
What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is
known as Maskable interrupt.
What is Non-Maskable interrupts?
An interrupt which can be never be turned off (ie. disabled) is known
as Non- Maskable interrupt
What are the different functional units in 8086?
Bus Interface Unit and Execution unit, are the two different
functional units in 8086.
What are the various segment registers in 8086?
Code, Data, Stack, Extra Segment registers in 8086.
What does EU do?
Execution Unit receives program instruction codes and data
from BIU, executes these instructions and store the result in
general registers.
6. Which Stack is used in 8086? k is used in 8086?
FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first
stored information is retrieved first.
What are the flags in 8086?
In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag,
Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.
What is SIM and RIM instructions?
SIM is Set Interrupt Mask. Used to mask the hardware interrupts.
RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. Used to check whether the interrupt is Masked
or not.
What is the difference between 8086 and 8088?
The BIU in 8088 is 8-bit data bus & 16- bit in 8086.Instruction queue is 4
byte long in 8088and 6 byte in 8086.
Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts?
Trap is known as Non-Maskable interrupts, which is used in emergency
condition.
Give examples for Micro controller?
Z80, Intel MSC51 &96, Motorola are the best examples of Microcontroller.
7. What is clock frequency for 8085?
3 MHz is the maximum clock frequency for 8085.
Give an example of one address microprocessor?
8085 is a one address microprocessor.
Give examples for 8/16/32 bit Microprocessor?
8-bit Processor - 8085/Z80/6800; 1
6-bit Processor - 8086/68000/Z8000;
32-bit Processor - 80386/80486
What is meant by a bus?
A bus is a group of conducting lines that carriers data, address,
& control signals.
What are the various registers in 8085?
Accumulator register, Temporary register, Instruction register,
Stack Pointer, Program Counter are the various registers in 8085
Why crystal is a preferred clock source?
Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency
that
doesn’t drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of
the times.
8. Name 5 different addressing modes?
Immediate, Direct, Register, Register indirect, Implied addressing
modes
In what way interrupts are classified in 8085?
In 8085 the interrupts are classified as Hardware and Software
interrupts.
What is the difference between primary & secondary storage
device?
In primary storage device the storage capacity is limited. It has a
volatile memory. In secondary storage device the storage capacity is
larger. It is a nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are: RAM/ROM.
Secondary devices are: Hard disk.
What are Hardware interrupts?
TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5, INTR
Can an RC circuit be used as clock source for 8085?
Yes, it can be used, if an accurate clock frequency is not required.
Also, the component cost is low compared to LC or Crystal
9. What is Program counter?
Program counter holds the address of either the first byte of
the next instruction to be fetched for execution or the
address of the next byte of a multi byte instruction, which
has not been
completely fetched. In both the cases it gets incremented
automatically one by one as the instruction bytes get
fetched.
Also Program register keeps the address of the next
instruction.
What is the RST for the TRAP?
RST 4.5 is called as TRAP.
What are level-triggering interrupt?
RST 6.5 & RST 5.5 are level-triggering interrupts.
Which interrupt is not level-sensitive in 8085?
RST 7.5 is a raising edge-triggering interrupt.
What are Software interrupts?
RST0, RST1, RST2, RST3, RST4, RST5, RST6, RST7.
10. What are the various flags used in 8085?
Sign flag, Zero flag, Auxiliary flag, Parity flag, Carry flag.
In 8085 name the 16 bit registers?
Stack pointer and Program counter all have 16 bits.
What is Stack Pointer?
Stack pointer is a special purpose 16-bit register in the
Microprocessor, which holds the address of the top of the
stack.
What does Quality factor mean?
The Quality factor is also defined, as Q. So it is a number,
which reflects the lossness of a circuit. Higher the Q, the
lower are the losses.
How many interrupts are there in 8085?
There are 12 interrupts in 8085.