The document summarizes a master's thesis analyzing demand for micromobility services across TU Berlin campus locations and drafting a service concept. Key findings from a survey of TU Berlin members and location analysis were used to develop a docked bike sharing concept. The concept proposed a fleet of 256 bikes across 20 stations at 3 main campus sites. Bikes would be rented via an app for a flat monthly fee. Challenges in implementing the concept included costs, stakeholder involvement, and uncertainty around future mobility trends.

1. Micromobility at TU Berlin:
analysis of demand across locations and
drafting a service concept
Master thesis kolloquium | Sarah Westphal | 14 May 2020 | TU Berlin

2. Content
1. Defining Micromobility
2. Further work process
3. Location analysis TU Berlin
4. Survey results
5. Micromobility service concept
6. Conclusion and challenges
7. Sources
2

3. Micromobility is a fairly new term, therefore there is no
universal definition yet.
Image sources: see end of presentationxf
3

4. Only few micromobility vehicles are allowed on German
streets.
4

5. 5
In the thesis, micromobility encompasses light vehicles for
personal transport with German road permission which are
used in sharing services.

6. There are many sharing providers in Berlin with growing fleet
sizes. Companies and universities also use sharing concepts.
> 14.000 shared vehicles
*
* discontinued or changed service since thesis submission
*
> 9.000 shared vehicles > 2.000 shared vehiclesBerlin
Companies + public sharing vehicles on University campus
6

7. After defining micromobility, a multistate approach is used to gather
information for drafting a concept for the micromobiltiy service.
• analyzing the campus sites
with regard to public
transportation and existing
micromobility services
• estimating number of
students that use the
campus
• estimating potential for
micromobility service based
on certain criteria
• surveying TUB members
about:
• mobility habits when
going to the campus
sites
• use of private, public
micromobility and
satisfaction
• opinion on TUB
micromobility servie
• type of vehicle and features
• fleet size
• sharing concept
• served campus sites
• size and location of
operating area or stations
• app functionalities
• pricing
• estimated investment and
operating cost
Potential for micromobility for
each campus site
TUB members‘ demand and
preferences for micromobility
service
ActionsOutputMethod
Location Analysis Survey Micromobility service concept
7

8. Karte Berlin mit Stecknadeln
> 30 minutes commute between most sites
< 30 minutes by bike from Ernst-Reuter-
Platz to all sites except Steglitz
Most frequented sites:
Ernst-Reuter-Platz, Severingelände/PTZ and
Wedding Humboldthain
S, U and Bus available on all sites except PTZ
(Bus only)
32 min
27 min
31 min
19 min
18 min
7 min
33 min
22 min
23 min
8 min
40 min
33 min
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee
high potential
for micromobility
The 6 campus sites are spread across the
city. Changing sites is time-consuming
when relying on public transportation.
Map: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1c23aVo1pcGZ519KwJhPH0AzbdNP4f7Dh&usp=sharing
8

9. 66 % of the participants would use an own micromobility
service on campus. Bicycles are the preferred sharing vehicle.
• 86 question LimeSurvey online survey
• 254 participants
• 186 complete surveys from TU Berlin members
• 170 students, 16 employees
• most Students go to university 4 days a week
• Ernst-Reuter-Platz is most frequented campus
site
• > 80 % own a bicycle, 55 % occasionally go by
bike to the university
• most participants have never used a sharing
service before
• main reasons: pricing, comfort
• 66 % of participants would use a university
micromobility service
41%
10%8%
23%
18%
Preferred sharing vehicle
Bicycle
Pedelec
Cargo bike
E-Scooter
large E-Scooter
SurveyInsights
9

10. 1. Find
Based on the results of the survey and analysis, a bikesharing
service concept was drafted.
Sharing type Dock-based bike sharing system
Locations Ernst-Reuter-Platz, Severingelände/PTZ, Wedding Humboldthain
Target users People associated with TU Berlin
Estimated number of users 26.103
Number of vehicles 256
Number of stations / stands 20 stations with 296 stands
Usage fee 5 € per month for flatrate use
Estimated investment cost per bicycle 1.489 €
Estimated operating cost per rent 2 €
App functionalities Location, rent, payment, customer service
10

11. Stations should be located across the main campus near the
most frequented buildings.
11
15
10
15
25
10
10
10
5
10
15
10
5
10
Image: https://www.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/a70100710/Dokumentationen/Imagematerial/Campusplan/campusplan_kl.jpg

12. The bike should be safe, comfortable and enable the rider to
carry goods.
Image: https://www.123rf.com/photo_46900231_red-bicycle-isolated-on-a-white-background-.html
bike
calliper brakes
coaster brakes3-speed hub gears
basket
carrier
lighting
reflectors
aluminium
frame
bell
26“ rims
flat-safe tires
locking
mechanism
mudguards
non-standard
mounts
12
Participants needs and recommendations from Bike Sharing Guide

13. The bike should be located and rented from fix stations via an app
using a QR code. Only members of TU Berlin can use the app.
13Image taken from thesis, own artwork
Location Lock/Unlock Payment Customer Service
App functionalities

14. The developed concept acts as a basis for further
considerations regarding a micromobility service.
https://www.gruenderszene.de/automotive-mobility/sharing-anbieter-mobilitaet-corona-krise?interstitial_click
• existing need and demand for micromobility service on campus
• high investment costs for own service, but many non-monetary benefits for students and the university
• cooperations should be considered (e.g. Nextbike) to lower costs
à need to further detail the concept before considering realization
• student movement patterns are difficult to
determine
• employees are underrepresented in the
survey
• not possible to reach students from all studies
• no published terms and costs for cooperation
• realization is a lengthy process
• many stake holders involved
• ever changing micromobility landscape
unforeseen events like Corona virus outbreak
change how micromobility services are used
and provided
Challenges
Thesis
Micromobility 14

15. Thank you for your attention!

16. Image sources (not shown on slides)
Title slide:
https://www.nextbike.de/media/720/nb_0818_22_1.jpg
https://bilder.bild.de/fotos-skaliert/die-tuerkisfarbenen-roller-stehen-in-vielen-grossen-deutschen-staedten-sie-werden-zum-minutenpreis-verm-
201219611-65588810/2,w=1280,c=0.bild.jpghttps://emmy-sharing.de/wp-content/uploads/Vattenfall.png
https://emmy-sharing.de/wp-content/uploads/Vattenfall.png
https://www.bz-berlin.de/data/uploads/multimedia/archive/00483/TechnischeUniversi_483141a-768x432.jpg
Slide 1-3:
Bike: https://velotraum.de/site/assets/files/5739/fd2e_m_6017_207_rennlenker.1500x0.jpg
E-Scooter: https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2019/06/berlin-escooter-betriebserlaubnis-tier-voi-circ-lime.html
Large E-Scooter: https://cdn.unumotors.com/press/releases/de/1905-der-neue-unu-scooter-de-v2.pdf
Segway: https://www.segway.com/commercial-products/segway-i2-se/
Hoverboard: https://www.bluewheel.de/hx510-schwarz.html
Unicycle: https://shop.segway.com/de-de/58/-ninebot-by-segway-z10
E-Skateboard: https://evolveskateboards.de/collections/evolve-bamboo-gtr/products/gtr-bamboo-street
Amazon robot: https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Amazon-Scout-Autonomer-Lieferroboter-bringt-Pakete-4286093.html
DHL bike: https://www.journal-frankfurt.de/journal_news/Panorama-2/Fuer-weniger-CO2-Ausstoss-in-der-City-DHL-Pakete-kommen-nun-auf-
Fahrraedern-33231.html
16

17. Image sources
Slide 4:
• Nextbike: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nextbike_Logo.svg/2000px-Nextbike_Logo.svg.png
• Mobike: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mobike_logo.svg/1280px-Mobike_logo.svg.png
• Lidl Bike:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/6p4QTiry5YpF24zJHvgcnNsQuo9N89R0_0liNuaVMSP_87joMCN_MGm5DgbR28iR4_A
• Donkey Rebublic: https://velo-journalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Donkey-Republic-horizontal-logo-orange-RGB-700.png
• JUMP:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/YpSsnYkEyXMd9HyfyYecMwtAhIp0MnyaHXUKa8_spUExarsGEEzwn_JoXrRCE_wUkCZ_
• Byke:https://www.escooteria.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/BYKE-WIND-e-Scooter-e1561903994600-1024x679.jpg
• Apple: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/505px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png
• Alphabet: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Alphabet_Inc_Logo_2015.svg/2000px-Alphabet_Inc_Logo_2015.svg.png
• VW: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Volkswagen_logo_2019.svg/1024px-Volkswagen_logo_2019.svg.png
• Lime: https://theme.zdassets.com/theme_assets/1579790/2705a4b4d851c379baf8a00a5ad9ace7987e66bb.png
• Voi: https://www.voiscooters.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/voi_logo_coral.png
• Tier: https://i0.wp.com/escooter.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/tier-logo.png?resize=1140%2C641&ssl=1
• Emmy: https://emmy-sharing.de/wp-content/themes/emmy-sharing-2019/images/logo.svg
• BIRD: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Bird_%28company%29_logo.svg/220px-Bird_%28company%29_logo.svg.png
• Circ: https://s2-cdn.greenhouse.io/external_greenhouse_job_boards/logos/400/321/600/original/circ_wordmark_rgb_(2).png?1560774410
• Coup: https://cdn0.scrvt.com/7e9405e6bd8a7cc5de817901b3e441a8/82dbc42770b34391/750e8a88d9df/COUP_LOGO_RGB_BLUE.svg
17

18. BACKUP
18

19. Ernst-
Reuter-
Platz
PTZ und
Severin-
gelände
Wedding
Humbold
thain
Wedding
Seestraße
Steglitz-
Zehlendo
rf
Campus
EUREF
Kaiserin-
Augusta-
Allee
Gebäude
komplexe
52 5 5 4 2 1 1
Studieren
de
34.021 7.314 1.406 680 1.238 189 -
Entfernu
ng H
- 1,7 km
(PTZ)
1,2 km
(SG)
6,0 km 4,5 km 7,3 km
(KL)
7,5 km
(AB)
5,4 km 2,3 km
Fahrzeit
ÖPNV
zum H
- 18 min > 30 min > 30 min > 30 min > 30 min ca. 23 min
Fahrzeit
Fahrrad
zum H
- 7 min 22 min 19 min 33 min 27 min 8 min
Fahrzeit
Roller
zum H
- 6 min 17 min 15 min 18 min
(KL)
20 min
(AB)
17 min 7 min
Verkehrs
-mittel
S, U, Bus Bus S, U, Bus,
Tram
S, U, Bus,
Tram
S, U, Bus S, U, Bus S,U,Bus
Kürzeste
r Fußweg
von
Haltestell
e
290 m (H) 400 m
(PTZ) 350
m (SG)
94 m
(ACK)
400 m
(TIB)
130 m 9 m (KL)
350 m
(AB)
450 m 450 m
Anzahl
Leihfahr
zeuge
194 71 142 23 12 32 30
Fzg./1000
Stud.
6 9 100 33 9 169 -
Potenzial
Mikromo
bilität
hoch hoch mittel mittel hoch gering unbekannt
Location Analysis
19

20. Decision for service type
20
Kriterium Stationsgebunden Hybrid Free-Floating
Flexibilität Rückgabe/Ausleihe gering mittel hoch
Streuung der Fahrzeuge gering mittel hoch
Risiko von auf Privatgelände
abgestellten Fahrzeugen
- mittel, ggf. Verminderung durch
Anreize zur Stationsnutzung
hoch, nur bedingt durch
Verbotszonen zu begrenzen
Verteilung der Fahrzeuge gleichmäßig, vorhersehbar außerhalb der Stationen
unvorhersehbar
unvorhersehbar, ggf. Neuverteilung
regelmäßig notwendig
Aufwand für Aufladen von Akkus gering mittel bis hoch hoch
Aufwand für Instandhaltung gering mittel hoch
Beeinträchtigung Straßenbild,
Fußwege
gering mittel bis hoch, je nach Anteil Flex-
Zonen
hoch

21. User numbers and bike numbers per campus
21

22. 22

23. • Ergebnisse / Link Survey
• https://survey.mms.tu-
berlin.de/lsurvey3/index.php/admin/survey/sa/view/surveyid/85536
1
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