Microcontroller solar car
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This document summarizes a course project on developing an autonomous solar vehicle that can detect and avoid obstacles. It proposes using an 8051 microcontroller with infrared proximity sensors to control the vehicle's motors. The system uses a solar panel to charge batteries to power the microcontroller and sensors. It then provides block diagrams of the hardware and software components, requirements, limitations, potential applications, and social and environmental impacts. References are provided at the end.
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This document summarizes an automatic intelligent traffic controller system that uses IR sensors and an Arduino board to control traffic lights and road spikes based on vehicle density and emergencies. IR sensors placed on the roadside measure vehicle input and output counts to determine traffic density. Higher density lanes will get longer green lights. In emergencies, IR sensors on an ambulance can trigger green lights and deactivate road spikes 50 yards before intersections. The system aims to reduce traffic and wasted time compared to traditional time-based controls. It uses an Arduino as the main controller, an LCD to display traffic data, LEDs for traffic lights, motors to control road spikes, and IR sensors to detect vehicles and emergencies.
IRJET- Design and Development of Anti Accident Braking System
This document describes the design and development of an anti-accident braking system. The system uses ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller to detect imminent collisions. When a collision is detected, the system either warns the driver or automatically applies the brakes without driver input. The system was designed and fabricated to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle ahead by operating the brake system if the driver does not decrease speed. The anti-accident braking system consists of infrared and ultrasonic sensors connected to a microcontroller which is connected to a hydraulic brake system and DC motor for speed control. The system is intended to reduce the severity of accidents and save lives.
IRJET- Smart Digi Train
This document describes a proposed smart train system that aims to automate train operations to improve safety and efficiency. The system uses microcontrollers and sensors to allow trains to run autonomously between stations without human operators. It includes features like automatic stopping at stations using IR sensors, collision avoidance using obstacle sensors, and energy generation through dynamos or wind turbines. The system is intended to eliminate human errors to reduce accidents while making train management easier. A prototype was developed using an 8051 microcontroller, DC motors, sensors and other electronics to demonstrate the proof of concept. Experimental results showed that the automated lighting control on train platforms saved around 6 kWh of energy per day compared to conventional operation.
IRJET- Smart Digi Train
This document describes a proposed smart train system called the "Intelligent Train" that can automatically run between stations without a driver. It uses a microcontroller and sensors to detect obstacles, passengers, and when it has arrived at a station to stop. The train's movements and onboard lights and fans can be controlled automatically based on sensor readings to make train management easier and prevent accidents by avoiding collisions without human error. The system aims to provide a low-cost, efficient, and safer alternative for train transportation in India.
IOT BASED ENERGY PREDECTION AND THEFT PROTECTED AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM
1. The document describes an IoT-based solar tracking system that increases solar panel efficiency by keeping the panel aligned with the sun.
2. It uses light dependent resistors and a microcontroller to sense the sun's position and direct a motor to adjust the panel's orientation accordingly.
3. The system also includes features like energy prediction using past voltage data, facial recognition for emotion analysis, and SMS alerts to detect potential theft.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Street Light Control Using Sensors and...
Solar Photovoltaic panel based street lighting systems are becoming more common these days. But the limitation with these ordinary street light systems is that it lacks intelligent performance. It is very essential to automate the system so that we can conserve energy as well as to maximize the efficiency of the system. In this paper a new method is suggested so as to maximize the efficiency of the street lighting system and to conserve the energy usage the LED lights sensors. Here automation of street lights is done by LDR sensor. Intensity of led street lights can be controlled by IR sensor and pulse width modulation.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Street Light Control Using Sensors and...
Solar Photovoltaic panel based street lighting systems are becoming more common these days. But the limitation with these ordinary street light systems is that it lacks intelligent performance. It is very essential to automate the system so that we can conserve energy as well as to maximize the efficiency of the system. In this paper a new method is suggested so as to maximize the efficiency of the street lighting system and to conserve the energy usage the LED lights sensors. Here automation of street lights is done by LDR sensor. Intensity of led street lights can be controlled by IR sensor and pulse width modulation.
IRJET- Solar Electric Bicycle (Hybrid)
1. The document describes a proposed design for a solar electric hybrid bicycle. The hybrid bicycle would use a lead acid battery charged via both a solar panel and wall outlet.
2. It would have a DC motor powered by the battery to assist with pedaling. The system aims to enable longer distance cycling through regenerative braking and solar charging.
3. The document reviews different components that could be used in the design, including the motor, battery, solar charge controller, throttle, solar panel, and frame. It also estimates battery charge times from solar panels of different wattages.
A Smart Solar Powered Automated Scarecrow for Agriculture
The aim of this project is to design, fabrication, and development of solar powered smart fully automated scarecrow model for agricultural field. Indian farmers are facing problems in protecting crops from wild animals during day and night time. In this present invention we are going to implement a rotary scarecrow model with producing unnatural audio sound with visual high beam flashes of LED lamp. This system totally powered by solar panel, during day time solar energy will be saved in rechargeable battery and in night time this battery power will be utilize. The purpose of this project model is to protect agricultural crops and keeps away unwanted wild animals from agricultural crops production area. The invention generally comprises a substantially hollow housing having a removable top portion mounted atop a rigid support frame member. The exterior of this housing includes a light and sound emitting devices attached there. The interior portion of the housing includes an electronic controller along with a motor assembly for imparting rotational motion to the rotatable mounted elongated arms on the exterior of the housing. In this system motion sensor are interfaced to detect the motion of living body present in sensor region. Whenever sensor detects any motion in farm of any living things then scarecrow starts rotating and produces sound and flashes light. Prof. Ramakant M. Chaudhari | Mr. Suarabh Jagtap | Mr. Vishal Ingale | Mr. Pravin Kolte | Mr. Tushar Hingonekar | Mr. Akash Kandelkar | Mr. Kunal Tongale "A Smart Solar Powered Automated Scarecrow for Agriculture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56345.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/56345/a-smart-solar-powered-automated-scarecrow-for-agriculture/prof-ramakant-m-chaudhari
IRJET - The Implementation of Arduino based Single Axis Solar Tracking Sy...
This document describes the implementation of a single-axis solar tracking system using an Arduino microcontroller. The system uses two light dependent resistors (LDRs) placed on either side of a solar panel to detect the amount of light falling on each side. The Arduino reads the LDR sensor values and controls a DC motor to rotate the solar panel towards the side receiving more sunlight, maximizing energy capture. Experimental results show the tracking system improved solar panel output voltages compared to a stationary panel throughout the day. The system provides a low-cost way to automatically track the sun's movement and increase solar energy harvesting for applications like rural electrification.
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Energy Generation through speed breaker(roller type).
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官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
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referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
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our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
this notes have been created
by Eric36 at nyamata ttc
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Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
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Microcontroller solar car
- 1. Course project on “Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Automated Solar Vehicle” By Sourabh S Padaki 01 Aarti Thakur 02 Abhilash Biradar 03
- 2. Introduction Robots have been increasingly used to develop more efficient schemes for the industrial operation, control and management. As non-renewable sources are in scarce today, Solar Energy is employed. Driving models are needed to improve the safety of the consumers So, based on these criteria we developed an Autonomous car which detect and avoid the obstacle
- 3. Alternate solutions Obstacle detecting Automated Solar vehicle using Microcontroller 8051(IR-Sensor) Obstacle detecting Automated Solar vehicle using Arduino uno(IR-Sensor) Obstacle detecting Automated Solar vehicle using UV-Sensor
- 4. Optimized solution with justification Implementation of the solar car/Eco- friendly car using 8051 microcontroller on Solar Energy The code written in 8051 is a lot efficient and faster Infrared Proximity Sensor - Sharp GP2Y0A21YK used is highly accurate and it detects all the obstacles which fall in 10 to 20 cm All the components used are cost efficient
- 6. Requirements HARDWARE REQUIRED 8051 Microcontroller IR Sensors (Infra Red Sensor) Motor Driver Solar Panel DC Motor Regulator SOFTWARE REQUIRED Keil C compiler Flash Magic
- 7. Limitation Environment condition-usually has limits over the operation of Solar vehicle Relatively high capital cost. Heat with excessive charge and discharge currents shorten the useful life to about 3 to 5 years for an automobile battery. IR sensors detects only the obstacles which fall in 10 to 20 cm
- 8. Future Scope Solar Powered obstacle avoidance vehicles can be used as lawn mower Solar powered driverless vehicles can be used as e-rickshaws
- 9. Social impact As the vehicle is solar powered there will be no carbon emission from them Obstacle avoidance systems in cars can reduce the accidents
- 10. References [1]. Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi, the 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by, Pearson Education. [2]. Kenneth B. Rexford and Peter R. Giuliani (2002).Electrical control of machines (6th ed.). Cengage Learning .p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7668-6198-4. [3]. Wikipedia.org/wiki/relay [4]. Reusch, William (1999).”Infrared Spectroscopy”. Michigan State Univesity.Retrieved 2006-10-27. [5]. Rchelicopterfun.com/rc-lipo-batteries.html [6]. “Toshiba to Launch Innovative Rechargeable Battery Business” (Press release). Toshiba. 11 December 2007.Retrieved 25 June 2009. [7]. science.howstuffworks.co