A case study analysis done on India's trending low-cost telecom operator who created Strom on Indian Telecommunications Industry. Jio, is an LTE mobile network operator in India. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries. The case study was done in the month of October in 2016.
A case study analysis done on India's trending low-cost telecom operator who created Strom on Indian Telecommunications Industry. Jio, is an LTE mobile network operator in India. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries. The case study was done in the month of October in 2016.
I attempted to brief you about Reliance jio Strategy, swot analysis its rivals and there strategies, how jio has gained so much popularity in such less time and vanished many telecom operators. Hope you all will like my work and suggestions are welcome.
Hindustan Unilever Limited Marketing Strategies for rural and urban India for toothpaste, detergent and other markets. Comparison between already applied steps and possible steps.
Telecommunication is one of the sectors in India which has witnessed the fundamental and structural and institutional reforms since 1991. Consider the great potential for the growth of telephone demand with the accelerated growth of economic activities, the government of India announced the National telecom policy in 1999. It provided the participation of private sector in this industry.
I attempted to brief you about Reliance jio Strategy, swot analysis its rivals and there strategies, how jio has gained so much popularity in such less time and vanished many telecom operators. Hope you all will like my work and suggestions are welcome.
Hindustan Unilever Limited Marketing Strategies for rural and urban India for toothpaste, detergent and other markets. Comparison between already applied steps and possible steps.
Telecommunication is one of the sectors in India which has witnessed the fundamental and structural and institutional reforms since 1991. Consider the great potential for the growth of telephone demand with the accelerated growth of economic activities, the government of India announced the National telecom policy in 1999. It provided the participation of private sector in this industry.
Competition and oligopoly in telecommunications industry in the EUVitor Santos
This work arose in the course of Advanced Microeconomics taught by Ms. Prof. Dr. Alina Badulescu at the University of Oradea.
The work focuses on the telecommunications market, through market analysis and study of oligopolistic characteristics.
Students should be able to:
Understand the characteristics of this market structure with particular reference to the interdependence of firms
Explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure
Explain reasons for collusive and non-collusive behaviour
Evaluate the reasons why firms may wish to pursue both overt and tacit collusion
"Telecommunication industry is one of the most rising industry which evolved at faster rate in last 10 15 years. Recently, India is the world’s second largest telecommunication market and still growing. Mobile economy in India is increasing very fast and will add significantly to India’s GDP. 4G technology is originated through 1G, 2G as well as 3G technology. 4G technology is the indicator of brisk growth of wireless communication technologies. The growth of 4G technology generates new services which are useful for the customers for various purposes like internet accessing with high data rate, global roaming, videos anywhere, any time and at any place with full grown support for all other multimedia. 4G technology is a very encouraging generation of wireless communication that will change the people life to wireless world in coming days. This paper deals with the current scenario of 4G mobile services. There are various competitors in the telecommunication market such as Bharati Airtel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular, Reliance Jio and BSNL. The current scenario of 4G mobile services which includes current market share of different companies, different schemes and offers provided to their customers in terms of mobile data, pricing, call rates, the growth of the companies and their marketing strategies. It also throws light on competitive edge over other service providers. Entry of reliance jio has made great turbulence in the telecommunication market by providing schemes like free internet, free calling, 4G network provide a serious threat to other competitor. Due to this, Reliance Jio is preferable choice for all the customers. Other service providers are facing challenges and find difficulty to cope up with the new game in the communication market. Reliance Jio marketing strategies have captured the more market share as compared to other competitors. It is very difficult for others to survive in the market. The other competitors are trying to survive in the market by changing their marketing strategies, satisfy their customers demand and retain their customers and refrain to switch to Reliance Jio or any other competitor. Ms. Mamata Alias | Aishwarya Rammrao Desai | Dr. C. S. Dalvi ""4 G Wave of Mobile Services in India"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23087.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/23087/4-g-wave-of-mobile-services-in-india/ms-mamata-alias"
this is the analysis done by me on telecom sector. in this there is the objective of survey, its introduction and to make it more clear i have taken the example of airtel company and with this example i have explained everything.
ABOUT THE CO-EDITOR
Mr. N. Hariharan BCOM CS ., DDTP., DOA., IBM, Currently pursing MBA First year at AR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS , Dindigul, Tamil nadu, India, DDTP – Diploma in desk top publishing in computer Software College, vadipatty, Madurai (13 July 2014) year of completed.DOA – Diploma in office automation in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (14 July 2016) year of completed. E- Tally - in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (12.06.2017) year of completed. IBM- International Business Management European University. Professional diploma programme 23.04.2021
Sakthi Arts and Science College for Women, Ottanchatram, Dindigul. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL SEMIAR ON “STRATEGICAL SKETCHING OF POST PANDEMIC TRANSFORMATION IN INDAN TREND AND COMMERCE” In won paper presentation FIRST PRIZE and Best paper Award at 23.03.2021.
M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL ONLINE SYMPOSIM “MATHEMA 21” in Paper presentation winning 3rd Place At 05.05.2021.
He has published 58 papers published in international journal. Attended 52 webinars, paper presentation in 18 college national and international conference. Then 7 awars World record holder in AMIRTHAM 2021. Main area of specialization Commerce and Management. Finally total certificate is 205 it’s including quiz, webinar, pledge, workshops.
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This presentation gives an overview about the concept of Category Management in Retail. It covers topic such as Visual Merchandising, Planogram, CM in Grocery Store vs Apparel Store
This presentation gives details about the Rural Retail Initiative called Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar right from the thought of inception till how it became a successful venture in India.
Pidilite Industries | Company AnalysisRohan Bharaj
This presentation gives a in-depth analysis (PESTLE, SWOT, Competition, Market, Industry) of Pidilite Industries and what strategy they should adopt for sustainable growth.
This is a hypothetical case given by Harvard Business School about Brannigan Foods and the challenges it is currently facing.
In the end, a decision needs to be taken as to what should be the decision of the company.
The case can be found found online.
This presentation shows the various ways a company can use Snapchat for promoting their product/service/business.
It also depicts what the future holds for Snapchat.
Services Marketing - Transitional Intensive Care (TIC)Rohan Bharaj
This presentation gives an overview of the business of TIC. It highlights the exceptional service provided by TIC to distinguish itself from the competition.
Brand Identity vs Brand Image of Lakme in IndiaRohan Bharaj
This presentation describes the Brand Identity vs Brand Image of Lakme in India.
It also highlights the marketing strategies undertaken by Lakme to differentiate itself from its competitors in India.
Pricing Strategies by Coca-Cola in IndiaRohan Bharaj
This document describes the the pricing journey of Coca-Cola India right from its entry till today. Coca-cola competes in a very fiercely competitive market and pricing is one of the most important factors it has to consider while conceptualizing its strategies.
Digital Banking for PSU banks in IndiaRohan Bharaj
This documents highlights the importance of Digital banking for PSU banks in India. In this digitally enhanced age, it is of utmost importance for PSU banks to be up to date with the latest technology.
Communication Plan of launching a Comedy TV show in Nepal and BangaldeshRohan Bharaj
In this document we have prepared a communication plan for launching a comedy TV show in Nepal and Bangladesh. We have considered the social, cultural and economic factors to come to our conclusion.
This document highlights the important points as to why Patanjali should launch its operations in UK. I have considered the socio-economic and political factors for UK to look at the feasibility.
The adoption of Electrically Powered VehiclesRohan Bharaj
This presentation tells us about the future of Electric Vehicles in a country like India. It also describes the pros and cons of the technology and the steps undertaken by the current Modi government to encourage electric vehicles.
In this document we have tries to analyze the current economic and business situation and predict how will the world and India look like ten years from now i.e. 2026.
This presentation describes the journey of Louis Vuitton in Japan. It highlights the strategies adopted by Louis Vuitton to beat the competition in the fiercely competitive luxury market of Japan
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
3. Privatization Of TelecommunicationsPrivatization Of Telecommunications
IndustryIndustry
Liberalization attempt in 1981 by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi toLiberalization attempt in 1981 by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to
bring French Company Alcatel to India but was scrapped due to politicalbring French Company Alcatel to India but was scrapped due to political
pressurespressures
Privatization process started in 1992 wherein Government permittedPrivatization process started in 1992 wherein Government permitted
private players to provide Value Added Services (VAS) such as paging,private players to provide Value Added Services (VAS) such as paging,
cellular, data services and VSAT followed by Fixed Telephony Servicecellular, data services and VSAT followed by Fixed Telephony Service
The Telecom Sector received Rs. 59,796 crores of FDI from April 2000 toThe Telecom Sector received Rs. 59,796 crores of FDI from April 2000 to
January 2014 that represents 6% of the total FDI received by all theJanuary 2014 that represents 6% of the total FDI received by all the
sectors together.sectors together.
4.
5. Bharti Airtel:Bharti Airtel:
Bharti Airtel Limited is an Indian multinationalBharti Airtel Limited is an Indian multinational
telecommunications services company headquartered in Newtelecommunications services company headquartered in New
Delhi, India. It operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa,Delhi, India. It operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa,
and the Channel Islands.and the Channel Islands.
Founder: Sunil Bharati MittalFounder: Sunil Bharati Mittal
Vodafone:Vodafone:
Vodafone Group plc is a British multinational telecommunicationsVodafone Group plc is a British multinational telecommunications
company headquartered in London and with its registered office incompany headquartered in London and with its registered office in
Newbury, Berkshire.Newbury, Berkshire.
Founders: Ernest Harrison, Gerry WhentFounders: Ernest Harrison, Gerry Whent
IDEA:IDEA:
Idea Cellular is an Aditya Birla Group Company, India's first trulyIdea Cellular is an Aditya Birla Group Company, India's first truly
multinational corporation. Idea is a pan-India integrated GSMmultinational corporation. Idea is a pan-India integrated GSM
operator offering 2G and 3G services, and has its own NLD and ILDoperator offering 2G and 3G services, and has its own NLD and ILD
operationsoperations
Founders: Aditya Vikram Kumar Mangalam Birla, G. D. BirlaFounders: Aditya Vikram Kumar Mangalam Birla, G. D. Birla
6. Reliance:Reliance:
Reliance Communications Ltd. is an Indian Internet access andReliance Communications Ltd. is an Indian Internet access and
telecommunications company headquartered in Navi Mumbai,telecommunications company headquartered in Navi Mumbai,
India. Reliance Communications is the fourth largest telecomIndia. Reliance Communications is the fourth largest telecom
operator in India with 109.80 million subscribers as of Apriloperator in India with 109.80 million subscribers as of April
2015.2015.
Founders: Dhirubhai Ambani, Mukesh AmbaniFounders: Dhirubhai Ambani, Mukesh Ambani
BSNL:BSNL:
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an Indian state-ownedBharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an Indian state-owned
telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi,telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi,
India.India.
CEO: Shri Anupam ShrivastavaCEO: Shri Anupam Shrivastava
7.
8. Current ScenarioCurrent Scenario
Particulars Subscribers (in millions)
Wireless 975.78
Wireline 26.27
Total 1,002.05
Particulars Teledensity
Urban Teledensity 148.90
Rural Teledensity 48.60
Total Teledensity 79.67
Subscriber base as on May 31, 2015
Teledensity as on May 31, 2015
Total Broadband Subscribers 104.96 million
Broadband subscribers as on May 31, 2015
Source: TRAI Report May 2015
9.
10.
11. Source: Technopak
“A 10% increase in broadband
penetration increases the per capita
GDP by 1.38% in the developing
countries.” - World Bank
12. Pricing Strategies In TelecommunicationsPricing Strategies In Telecommunications
In telecommunications, people are provided services on the basis of pre-In telecommunications, people are provided services on the basis of pre-
payment or post-payment. Companies adopt several pricing strategies topayment or post-payment. Companies adopt several pricing strategies to
gain a considerable market share among various competitors and theygain a considerable market share among various competitors and they
are as follows:are as follows:
Penetration PricingPenetration Pricing
Price SkimmingPrice Skimming
Psychological PricingPsychological Pricing
Product Line PricingProduct Line Pricing
Captive Product PricingCaptive Product Pricing
Promotional PricingPromotional Pricing
Premium PricingPremium Pricing
14. Penetration Pricing:-Penetration Pricing:-
The price charged for products and services is set artificially low in order to gainThe price charged for products and services is set artificially low in order to gain
market share. Once this is achieved, the price is increased.market share. Once this is achieved, the price is increased.
Price Skimming:Price Skimming:
Price skimming sees a company charge a higher price because it has a substantialPrice skimming sees a company charge a higher price because it has a substantial
competitive advantage. However, the advantage tends not to be sustainable.competitive advantage. However, the advantage tends not to be sustainable.
The high price attracts new competitors into the market, and the priceThe high price attracts new competitors into the market, and the price
inevitably falls due to increased supply.inevitably falls due to increased supply.
Psychological Pricing:Psychological Pricing:
This approach is used when the marketer wants the consumer to respond on anThis approach is used when the marketer wants the consumer to respond on an
emotional, rather than rational basis.emotional, rather than rational basis.
For Example: Mobile recharge charges Rs49, Rs99 instead of Rs50 or Rs100For Example: Mobile recharge charges Rs49, Rs99 instead of Rs50 or Rs100
15. Product Line Pricing:
Where there is a range of products or services, the pricing reflects the benefits of
parts of the range.
For Example: BSNL sim card family combo packs
Captive Product Pricing:
Where products have complements, companies will charge a premium price since
the consumer has no choice.
For Example: CDMA Handsets, Set top boxes.
Promotional Pricing:
Pricing to promote a product is a very common application. There are many
examples of promotional pricing including approaches such as BOGOF (Buy One Get
One Free), money off vouchers and discounts.
For Example: BSNL Pyari Jodi Plan
16. Other Pricing StrategiesOther Pricing Strategies
There are two possible alternatives for pricing any telecommunication service:There are two possible alternatives for pricing any telecommunication service:
Socially desirable pricingSocially desirable pricing
This type of pricing strategy includes:This type of pricing strategy includes:
Charges customers as per their paying capabilityCharges customers as per their paying capability
Price of basic services should be low and not related to cost of processing servicesPrice of basic services should be low and not related to cost of processing services
Cost based pricingCost based pricing
This type of pricing strategy includes:This type of pricing strategy includes:
Pricing components include fixed charges(rentals), capital cost of infrastructure required toPricing components include fixed charges(rentals), capital cost of infrastructure required to
build networkbuild network
Variable charges like usage charges, recovery operation, maintenance, administrative andVariable charges like usage charges, recovery operation, maintenance, administrative and
inter-connection chargesinter-connection charges
19. Major Technological changes andMajor Technological changes and
challenges in telecommunicationschallenges in telecommunications
emerging technologies are
affecting industries and lifestyle
highlights the importance of
understanding the principles of
telecommunications, and,
hopefully, to inspire you to
"think telecom."
20. Changes….Changes….
An enormous amount of the activity drivingAn enormous amount of the activity driving
telecommunications has to do with the emergence oftelecommunications has to do with the emergence of
advanced applications. The following sections discussadvanced applications. The following sections discuss
some of the changes that are occurring in bothsome of the changes that are occurring in both
telecommunications, as well as some of the changestelecommunications, as well as some of the changes
expected in the next several years.expected in the next several years.
Incorporating Human Senses in TelecommunicationsIncorporating Human Senses in Telecommunications
The Emergence of Wearable'sThe Emergence of Wearable's
21. Incorporating Human Senses inIncorporating Human Senses in
TelecommunicationsTelecommunications
Telecommunications has allowed a virtual world to emerge.Telecommunications has allowed a virtual world to emerge.
The human mind acts on physical sensations in the course of itsThe human mind acts on physical sensations in the course of its
information processing; the senses of sight, sound, touch, andinformation processing; the senses of sight, sound, touch, and
motion are key to our perception and decision making.motion are key to our perception and decision making.
Developments in sensory technologies and networks will allow aDevelopments in sensory technologies and networks will allow a
new genre of sensory reality to emerge, bridging the gapnew genre of sensory reality to emerge, bridging the gap
between humans and machines. One of the most significantbetween humans and machines. One of the most significant
evolutions occurring in computing and communications is theevolutions occurring in computing and communications is the
introduction of the human senses into electronic informationintroduction of the human senses into electronic information
streams.streams.
22.
23. The Emergence of Wearable'sThe Emergence of Wearable's
Xybernaut's Mobile
Assistant IV (MA-IV),
a wearable
computer, provides
its wearer with a full-
fledged PC A wrist
keyboard sports 60
keys.
Headgear suspended in front of
the eye provides a full-color VGA
screen, the size of a postage
stamp but so close to the eye
that images appear as on a 15-
inch monitor. A miniature video
camera fits snugly in a shirt
pocket.
24. Adapting to New TrafficAdapting to New Traffic
PatternsPatterns
In today's environment, telecommunications embodies fourIn today's environment, telecommunications embodies four
main traffic types, each of which has different requirements inmain traffic types, each of which has different requirements in
terms of network capacity, tolerance for delays—andterms of network capacity, tolerance for delays—and
particularly variations in the delay—in the network, andparticularly variations in the delay—in the network, and
tolerance for potential congestion and therefore losses in thetolerance for potential congestion and therefore losses in the
network:network:
25. Voice - ChallengesVoice - Challenges
There is yet a huge market to be served. VoiceThere is yet a huge market to be served. Voice
communications are typically referred to ascommunications are typically referred to as
beingbeing narrowbandnarrowband, meaning that they don't require a, meaning that they don't require a
large amount of network capacity.large amount of network capacity.
For voice services to be intelligible and easy to use,For voice services to be intelligible and easy to use,
delays must be kept to a minimum, however, so thedelays must be kept to a minimum, however, so the
delay factors in moving information from Point A todelay factors in moving information from Point A to
Point B have to be tightly controlled in order toPoint B have to be tightly controlled in order to
support real-time voice streams.support real-time voice streams.
26. Data- ChallengesData- Challenges
Data communications refers to the exchange ofData communications refers to the exchange of
digitized information between two machines.digitized information between two machines.
Depending on the application supported, theDepending on the application supported, the
bandwidth or capacity requirements can range frombandwidth or capacity requirements can range from
medium to high.medium to high.
As more objects that are visual in nature (such asAs more objects that are visual in nature (such as
images and video) are included with the data, thatimages and video) are included with the data, that
capacity demand increases. Depending again on thecapacity demand increases. Depending again on the
type of application, data may be more or less toleranttype of application, data may be more or less tolerant
of delays. Text-based exchanges are generally quiteof delays. Text-based exchanges are generally quite
tolerant of delays.tolerant of delays.
But again, the more real-time nature there is to theBut again, the more real-time nature there is to the
information type, as in video, the tighter the controlinformation type, as in video, the tighter the control
you need over the latencies.you need over the latencies.
27. Image-ChallengesImage-Challenges
Image communications requires medium to highImage communications requires medium to high
bandwidth—the greater the resolution required, thebandwidth—the greater the resolution required, the
greater the bandwidth required.greater the bandwidth required.
For example, many of the images taken in medicalFor example, many of the images taken in medical
diagnostics require very high resolution. Imagediagnostics require very high resolution. Image
traffic tolerates some delay because it includes notraffic tolerates some delay because it includes no
motion artefacts that would be affected by anymotion artefacts that would be affected by any
distortions in the network.distortions in the network.
28. Video-challengesVideo-challenges
Video communications, which are becomingVideo communications, which are becoming
increasingly popular and are requiring ever-greaterincreasingly popular and are requiring ever-greater
bandwidth, are extremely sensitive to delay. Thebandwidth, are extremely sensitive to delay. The
future is about visual communications.future is about visual communications.
We need to figure out how to make video availableWe need to figure out how to make video available
over a network infrastructure that can support it andover a network infrastructure that can support it and
at a price point that consumers are willing to pay.at a price point that consumers are willing to pay.
When our infrastructures are capable of supportingWhen our infrastructures are capable of supporting
the capacities and the delay limitations required bythe capacities and the delay limitations required by
real-time applications, video will grow by leaps andreal-time applications, video will grow by leaps and
bounds.bounds.