The document discusses best practices for semantic markup. It provides guidance on using semantic elements like <div>, <span>, <a>, <img>, lists, forms, and specific semantic elements properly. It also covers topics like accessibility, maintainability, validation, HTML vs XHTML, and keeping up with HTML5 and browser standards. The document emphasizes using semantic markup that encodes meaning, is device-interoperable, and accessible to all users.
The document provides an introduction to HTML and XHTML, including:
1. HTML and XHTML are used to structure text and add multimedia elements to web pages. Web browsers interpret the code to display the page.
2. A typical web page contains elements like text, images, links, forms, etc. Content can be static or dynamically generated.
3. Authoring tools and knowledge of HTML/XHTML syntax are needed to implement web page designs and structure content with tags.
The document provides an overview of HTML, including:
- HTML is a markup language used to structure and present content on the web. It uses tags to define headings, paragraphs, links, and other elements.
- New HTML5 features include new semantic elements, form elements, graphics and media elements, and input types. Removed elements have been replaced by newer standards.
- Core HTML tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, and other text formatting tags. The <div> and <span> tags are used to group and style content.
- Links, images, and tables can be added using the <a>, <img>, and <table> tags, respectively. Forms are
Semantically Correct And Standards Compliance Htmlsanjay2211
The document provides information on semantic HTML coding. It explains that semantic HTML focuses on describing the meaning of content rather than visual presentation. It discusses why semantic coding is important for accessibility, search engine optimization, and maintenance. It also covers common semantic elements and tags used to structure content semantically, such as headings, paragraphs, lists, and divs.
This document introduces XML-based markup languages like XHTML and compares HTML and XHTML. It discusses well-formed and valid markup, hierarchical structure, elements and attributes. XHTML separates structure from presentation and uses CSS for layout. Documents can be validated to check they conform to XHTML standards.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for defining the layout of XML, HTML, and XHTML documents. It allows separation of document content from document presentation. CSS operates on XML structures to define things like fonts, sizes, colors, spacing and positioning. Popular properties include font-family, color, background-color, text-align, and width. CSS can be defined internally in a document or externally in a separate file.
This ppt is html for beginners and html made easy for them to get the basic idea of html.
Html for beginners. A basic information of html for beginners. A more depth coverage of html and css will be covered in the future presentations. visit my sites http://technoexplore.blogspot.com and http://hotjobstuff.blogspot.com for some other important presentations.
The document provides an introduction to HTML and XHTML, including:
1. HTML and XHTML are used to structure text and add multimedia elements to web pages. Web browsers interpret the code to display the page.
2. A typical web page contains elements like text, images, links, forms, etc. Content can be static or dynamically generated.
3. Authoring tools and knowledge of HTML/XHTML syntax are needed to implement web page designs and structure content with tags.
The document provides an overview of HTML, including:
- HTML is a markup language used to structure and present content on the web. It uses tags to define headings, paragraphs, links, and other elements.
- New HTML5 features include new semantic elements, form elements, graphics and media elements, and input types. Removed elements have been replaced by newer standards.
- Core HTML tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, and other text formatting tags. The <div> and <span> tags are used to group and style content.
- Links, images, and tables can be added using the <a>, <img>, and <table> tags, respectively. Forms are
Semantically Correct And Standards Compliance Htmlsanjay2211
The document provides information on semantic HTML coding. It explains that semantic HTML focuses on describing the meaning of content rather than visual presentation. It discusses why semantic coding is important for accessibility, search engine optimization, and maintenance. It also covers common semantic elements and tags used to structure content semantically, such as headings, paragraphs, lists, and divs.
This document introduces XML-based markup languages like XHTML and compares HTML and XHTML. It discusses well-formed and valid markup, hierarchical structure, elements and attributes. XHTML separates structure from presentation and uses CSS for layout. Documents can be validated to check they conform to XHTML standards.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for defining the layout of XML, HTML, and XHTML documents. It allows separation of document content from document presentation. CSS operates on XML structures to define things like fonts, sizes, colors, spacing and positioning. Popular properties include font-family, color, background-color, text-align, and width. CSS can be defined internally in a document or externally in a separate file.
This ppt is html for beginners and html made easy for them to get the basic idea of html.
Html for beginners. A basic information of html for beginners. A more depth coverage of html and css will be covered in the future presentations. visit my sites http://technoexplore.blogspot.com and http://hotjobstuff.blogspot.com for some other important presentations.
The document provides an introduction to markup languages like HTML, XML, and XHTML. It discusses the purpose and key differences between these languages. It also covers important XHTML tags and elements for structuring web pages, including the DOCTYPE, head, body, headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and special characters. The last section emphasizes writing valid XHTML and using validation tools to check for syntax errors.
The document provides steps for converting an image-based website design into XHTML and CSS code. It discusses identifying sections, deciding on a layout type, distinguishing content from style, and creating the basic page structure with appropriate HTML tags. Floating DIVs and DIVs that behave like tables are described as options for multi-column page layouts. Centering content, vertical alignment, and image formats are also covered.
Markup provides information about document structure and presentation. It includes start and closing tags like <p> and </p>. HTML is a markup language used to build web pages and includes elements like <head> and <body>. It has a defined structure with tags nested properly. HTML documents are text files with a .html extension.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers key topics such as:
- The structure of an HTML document which includes elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>
- Common HTML elements for formatting text such as headings, paragraphs, and bold/italic tags
- How to add colors to text using hexadecimal codes, RGB values, or color names
- Other tags like <hr> for horizontal rules and <font> for fonts, though <font> is not recommended for HTML5
The document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and describes several important HTML tags and their functions. It explains that HTML is used to create structured web pages and embed images, video, and other objects. It then defines and provides examples for many common tags such as <head>, <title>, <body>, <p>, <img>, and <a> that are used to specify document structure and content.
This document provides an introduction to XHTML and its components. It discusses how to:
1) Create basic XHTML documents with elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>.
2) Add headings, links, images, lists, tables, and forms to XHTML pages.
3) Use validation services to check documents for syntax errors.
4) Include special characters and formatting like horizontal rules.
This slide is specifically prepared for CAT grade 11 class and it is aligned with the SA's CAPS document, however, it can be used for other purposes. It is an introduction to HTML fundamental concepts.
The document provides an introduction to HTML including basic tags for hyperlinks, images, formatting, headings and paragraphs. It discusses HTML structure with the <head> and <body> sections and includes code examples for common HTML elements and tags.
The document provides an overview of HTML and XHTML tags for formatting text and structuring web pages. It discusses basic HTML syntax and tags for headings, paragraphs, lists, breaks, and other text formatting. It also explains the differences between HTML and XHTML, with XHTML being a stricter combination of HTML and XML syntax.
The document describes various HTML tags for formatting text, including headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and comments. It provides the tag name, description, and examples of each tag. Basic tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, <body> are explained as well as text formatting tags like <b>, <i>, <font>. The document aims to teach the essential HTML tags in an easy-to-understand format.
Markup language classification, designing static and dynamicAnkita Bhalla
The document discusses various markup languages used to create static and dynamic web pages. It describes how static pages are fixed and do not change, while dynamic pages can be modified at runtime through scripts. It provides details on HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side scripts for creating dynamic content. Key topics covered include using tags like <div> for layouts, <img> for images, and JavaScript for basic interactivity. The document compares the processing of static versus dynamic pages and outlines benefits of dynamic pages like personalization and database access.
This document provides an overview of XML (eXtensible Markup Language). It discusses the history and development of XML from older markup languages like SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). The basics of XML include elements, tags, attributes, character entities, and document type definitions. Stylesheets can be used to format and view XML documents.
The document describes various HTML tags for formatting text and displaying code. It defines tags for headings, paragraphs, and other basic text elements. It also covers tags for character formatting like bold, italics, and font styling. Finally, it outlines tags for displaying computer code and preformatted text, including <pre>, <code>, <tt>, <kbd>, <var>, <samp>, and <dfn>.
This document provides an introduction to HTML document structure. It discusses the <!DOCTYPE> declaration, <head> and <body> sections, common text formatting tags, hyperlinks using the <a> tag, and linking to other sections of the same document. Examples are included to demonstrate various HTML elements, tags, and attributes.
XHTML was created to replace HTML and is defined using XML rather than SGML. It is nearly identical to HTML but aims to be cleaner and more extensible by requiring elements to be properly nested, closed, and case-sensitive. Documents must also have a DOCTYPE declaration and refer to a DTD that defines syntax requirements. There are three main DTDs that can be used with XHTML - Strict, Transitional, and Frameset - depending on whether style information or frames are needed.
The document discusses HTML, XHTML, CSS, and markup elements. It provides explanations of key concepts:
- HTML is the language used to write websites and stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It uses elements, attributes, and values to structure and style web pages.
- CSS allows setting styles like fonts and colors for HTML elements in one central location to apply across pages. CSS enhances HTML but is separate from it.
- XHTML elements, attributes, and empty elements are used to identify, describe and structure different parts of a web page. Elements can contain other elements in a nested hierarchy.
The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which is the standard markup language used to create web pages and web applications. It describes HTML as a language used to describe the structure of a web page using markup tags, and that HTML documents contain plain text content along with these tags. It also provides examples of common HTML tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <img> for images, and how they are used to structure and layout the visible content of a web page.
Introduction to Cascading Style SheetsTushar Joshi
The document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) including basic concepts such as using CSS to redefine HTML tags, common properties, and simple CSS rules. It describes different methods of containing CSS code in HTML documents and explains concepts like inheritance, selectors, grouping, and the CSS box model.
HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It uses tags surrounded by angle brackets to denote headings, paragraphs, lists, links and other structural elements. A basic HTML document includes <html>, <head> and <body> tags, with metadata in the head and visible content in the body. Common tags describe text styling like <b> for bold, <i> for italics, and <p> for paragraphs.
This document provides an introduction to various web technologies including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP. It discusses the basic structures and components of HTML documents, how CSS can be used to style HTML content, and how JavaScript and PHP can add interactivity and run server-side code. The document also gives examples of common tags and syntax used in these languages. It concludes by noting that most web pages combine these core technologies and that learning them now provides a foundation for newer technologies.
The document provides an introduction to markup languages like HTML, XML, and XHTML. It discusses the purpose and key differences between these languages. It also covers important XHTML tags and elements for structuring web pages, including the DOCTYPE, head, body, headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and special characters. The last section emphasizes writing valid XHTML and using validation tools to check for syntax errors.
The document provides steps for converting an image-based website design into XHTML and CSS code. It discusses identifying sections, deciding on a layout type, distinguishing content from style, and creating the basic page structure with appropriate HTML tags. Floating DIVs and DIVs that behave like tables are described as options for multi-column page layouts. Centering content, vertical alignment, and image formats are also covered.
Markup provides information about document structure and presentation. It includes start and closing tags like <p> and </p>. HTML is a markup language used to build web pages and includes elements like <head> and <body>. It has a defined structure with tags nested properly. HTML documents are text files with a .html extension.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers key topics such as:
- The structure of an HTML document which includes elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>
- Common HTML elements for formatting text such as headings, paragraphs, and bold/italic tags
- How to add colors to text using hexadecimal codes, RGB values, or color names
- Other tags like <hr> for horizontal rules and <font> for fonts, though <font> is not recommended for HTML5
The document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and describes several important HTML tags and their functions. It explains that HTML is used to create structured web pages and embed images, video, and other objects. It then defines and provides examples for many common tags such as <head>, <title>, <body>, <p>, <img>, and <a> that are used to specify document structure and content.
This document provides an introduction to XHTML and its components. It discusses how to:
1) Create basic XHTML documents with elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>.
2) Add headings, links, images, lists, tables, and forms to XHTML pages.
3) Use validation services to check documents for syntax errors.
4) Include special characters and formatting like horizontal rules.
This slide is specifically prepared for CAT grade 11 class and it is aligned with the SA's CAPS document, however, it can be used for other purposes. It is an introduction to HTML fundamental concepts.
The document provides an introduction to HTML including basic tags for hyperlinks, images, formatting, headings and paragraphs. It discusses HTML structure with the <head> and <body> sections and includes code examples for common HTML elements and tags.
The document provides an overview of HTML and XHTML tags for formatting text and structuring web pages. It discusses basic HTML syntax and tags for headings, paragraphs, lists, breaks, and other text formatting. It also explains the differences between HTML and XHTML, with XHTML being a stricter combination of HTML and XML syntax.
The document describes various HTML tags for formatting text, including headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and comments. It provides the tag name, description, and examples of each tag. Basic tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, <body> are explained as well as text formatting tags like <b>, <i>, <font>. The document aims to teach the essential HTML tags in an easy-to-understand format.
Markup language classification, designing static and dynamicAnkita Bhalla
The document discusses various markup languages used to create static and dynamic web pages. It describes how static pages are fixed and do not change, while dynamic pages can be modified at runtime through scripts. It provides details on HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side scripts for creating dynamic content. Key topics covered include using tags like <div> for layouts, <img> for images, and JavaScript for basic interactivity. The document compares the processing of static versus dynamic pages and outlines benefits of dynamic pages like personalization and database access.
This document provides an overview of XML (eXtensible Markup Language). It discusses the history and development of XML from older markup languages like SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). The basics of XML include elements, tags, attributes, character entities, and document type definitions. Stylesheets can be used to format and view XML documents.
The document describes various HTML tags for formatting text and displaying code. It defines tags for headings, paragraphs, and other basic text elements. It also covers tags for character formatting like bold, italics, and font styling. Finally, it outlines tags for displaying computer code and preformatted text, including <pre>, <code>, <tt>, <kbd>, <var>, <samp>, and <dfn>.
This document provides an introduction to HTML document structure. It discusses the <!DOCTYPE> declaration, <head> and <body> sections, common text formatting tags, hyperlinks using the <a> tag, and linking to other sections of the same document. Examples are included to demonstrate various HTML elements, tags, and attributes.
XHTML was created to replace HTML and is defined using XML rather than SGML. It is nearly identical to HTML but aims to be cleaner and more extensible by requiring elements to be properly nested, closed, and case-sensitive. Documents must also have a DOCTYPE declaration and refer to a DTD that defines syntax requirements. There are three main DTDs that can be used with XHTML - Strict, Transitional, and Frameset - depending on whether style information or frames are needed.
The document discusses HTML, XHTML, CSS, and markup elements. It provides explanations of key concepts:
- HTML is the language used to write websites and stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It uses elements, attributes, and values to structure and style web pages.
- CSS allows setting styles like fonts and colors for HTML elements in one central location to apply across pages. CSS enhances HTML but is separate from it.
- XHTML elements, attributes, and empty elements are used to identify, describe and structure different parts of a web page. Elements can contain other elements in a nested hierarchy.
The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which is the standard markup language used to create web pages and web applications. It describes HTML as a language used to describe the structure of a web page using markup tags, and that HTML documents contain plain text content along with these tags. It also provides examples of common HTML tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <img> for images, and how they are used to structure and layout the visible content of a web page.
Introduction to Cascading Style SheetsTushar Joshi
The document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) including basic concepts such as using CSS to redefine HTML tags, common properties, and simple CSS rules. It describes different methods of containing CSS code in HTML documents and explains concepts like inheritance, selectors, grouping, and the CSS box model.
HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It uses tags surrounded by angle brackets to denote headings, paragraphs, lists, links and other structural elements. A basic HTML document includes <html>, <head> and <body> tags, with metadata in the head and visible content in the body. Common tags describe text styling like <b> for bold, <i> for italics, and <p> for paragraphs.
This document provides an introduction to various web technologies including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP. It discusses the basic structures and components of HTML documents, how CSS can be used to style HTML content, and how JavaScript and PHP can add interactivity and run server-side code. The document also gives examples of common tags and syntax used in these languages. It concludes by noting that most web pages combine these core technologies and that learning them now provides a foundation for newer technologies.
This document discusses semantic markup for mobile web development. Some key points covered include:
- Semantic markup uses elements that accurately describe the meaning and structure of content, rather than its presentation. This improves accessibility, flexibility and performance.
- Non-semantic or "bad" HTML mixes presentation instructions like fonts and colors directly into elements, which limits flexibility and reuse of content across devices.
- For mobile development, semantic markup is especially important due to constraints like limited bandwidth and processing power on mobile devices. Prioritizing clean content over presentation ensures mobile users can access important information quickly.
- Following semantic markup and web standards principles makes mobile web development easier and reduces the need to test across many device types
This document provides an overview of HTML5 including browser support, new elements, and features such as audio, video, and forms. It discusses how HTML5 aims to standardize error handling, accessibility, and client-side validation. Deprecated elements like <font> are still supported for backward compatibility but presentational elements should now be handled by CSS. New elements like <header>, <footer>, <nav> and <article> provide more semantic structure. The <canvas> and multimedia elements like <audio> and <video> offer new capabilities without plugins. HTML5 also introduces new form field types and validation. The document recommends using the HTML5 doctype and class names to future-proof websites while the specification is still in development.
This document provides an introduction and overview of topics to be covered in an online course on web design, including learning HTML, CSS, creating site maps and storyboards, developing websites, displaying images, and tips on common tags, colors, and style sheets. Live tutorials will be held on Wednesdays at 6:30-7:30pm to provide further instruction.
The document discusses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It provides an overview of each technology including code structure, common tags, how to insert stylesheets, basic syntax, control structures, and the document object model. It also gives examples of how the three are used together to add interactivity and dynamic content to web pages.
The document discusses various HTML tags and their uses. It covers tags for document structure like <html>, <head>, <body>; headings from <h1> to <h6>; lists using <ol>, <ul>; paragraphs with <p>; line breaks with <br>; images with <img>; and tables with <table>, <tr>, <td>. It also discusses semantic structure, data versus layout tables, web editors, FTP for file transfer, and design best practices.
The document provides an overview of basic HTML tags and concepts for creating web pages, including:
- The basic structure of an HTML page with <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags.
- Common text formatting tags such as <h1>-<h6> headings, <p> paragraphs, <br> line breaks, and bold, italics, and other text styles.
- Lists with <ol>, <ul>, and <dl> tags and the <li> list item tag.
- Links with the <a> anchor tag and attributes like href and target.
- Images with the <img> tag and attributes like src, alt, and
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the code that defines the structure and layout of web pages on the internet. Tim Berners-Lee created HTML and the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. HTML uses tags to give instructions to web browsers on how to display text, images, and other content on web pages.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the code that defines the structure and layout of web pages on the internet. Tim Berners-Lee created HTML and the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. HTML uses tags to give instructions to web browsers on how to display text, images, and other content on web pages. Common HTML tags are used to define headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and tables.
The document provides an introduction and overview of HTML elements and tags. It defines common elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, and empty elements like <br>; describes how attributes specify additional information for elements; and gives examples and definitions of many tags, including formatting tags (<b>, <i>, etc.), links (<a>), images (<img>), lists (<ul>, <li>), forms (<form>, <input>), and more. It explains the basic syntax and structure of HTML documents.
This document provides an introduction to basic HTML concepts, including:
- HTML is the markup language that defines the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to mark elements like headings, paragraphs, and images.
- A valid HTML document has a base structure with <html>, <head>, and <body> tags, along with a <title>.
- Elements are defined with opening and closing tags, and can have attributes to provide more information. Common block elements make boxes, while inline elements remain in the flow of text.
- Special characters need to be written using HTML codes to be properly understood by browsers.
The document discusses using HTML and Textile markup languages within the Movable Type content management system to format text, add links, and includes basic examples of HTML tags for headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and text formatting as well as an overview of how Textile converts human-readable tags into HTML.
The document provides an introduction to HTML, covering topics such as what HTML is, how web pages work, common programs used to write HTML, how browsers display web pages, basic HTML tags, formatting of HTML documents, and more. Key points include:
- HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages
- Web pages are stored on servers and viewed in browsers using HTTP
- Popular programs for writing HTML include Notepad, Textpad, Dreamweaver
- Browsers fetch and display pages using HTML tags to control formatting
- Basic HTML tags include headings, paragraphs, line breaks, comments
- Links, images, backgrounds, and other elements are added using tags
This document provides an overview of the basic HTML module 2 lesson on HTML basics. It introduces key HTML tags and concepts like the <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags used to structure web pages. It also covers how to format text using tags like <b>, <i>, <u>, <br>, and <p> and how to add comments and control text size with heading tags <h1>-<h6>. The lesson concludes with examples and practice editing an HTML page.
This document provides an introduction to HTML basics, structure, and common tags. It explains that HTML pages have a head and body section, with the head containing metadata like the title and the body containing visible page content. It lists some common tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> that give structure to an HTML page. It also describes tags within the body that can be used to structure and style text content, such as headings, paragraphs, breaks, and font tags.
HTML is a markup language used to structure and present content on the web. It uses elements like <p> and <div> to define paragraphs, headings, and other parts of a web page. HTML documents have a specific structure with a <head> for metadata and a <body> for visible content. The <DOCTYPE> declaration at the top defines which version of HTML the page conforms to.
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
8. •Validation and testing
•HTML vs XHTML
•HTML5
•Other W3C draft standards
•Keeping up with browsers
•The End
Contents: Choices
9. Semantic markup is markup that
encodes meaning into your content
(instead of just embedding
presentational cues).
Semantic markup
10. Semantic markup is important
because it transforms a document
into being useful as a “document as an
information tool” — like a database.
Semantic markup
11. Do’s and Don’ts
Do make good use of semantic
markup in your content — because it
facilitates unanticipated reuses
(repurposing) of your content (uses
that you may not be able to anticipate
when you are creating the content).
Semantic markup
12. Device-interoperable markup is
markup that is “portable” — not tied
to any one specific device or platform
or context, but that instead works
across a range of context and devices
(including mobile devices, TVs, PDAs,
and other “constrained” contexts).
Device-interoperable markup
13. Accessible markup is markup that
does not exclude users of any
particular class and that does not
discriminate against users of any
particular class (for example, markup
that does not exclude or discriminate
against users with visual disabilities).
Accessible markup
14. Do’s and Don’ts
Do make good use of device-
interoperable markup and accessible
markup in your content — noting that
the same set of basic set of techniques
do double-duty to enable both device
independence and accessibility.
Accessible markup
15. Maintainable markup is markup that
makes clear, consistent, and logical
use of markup features (for example,
class names and ID values) in such a
way that it lends itself to easy
maintenance.
Maintainable markup
16. HTML is an abstract language that
applications can represent in memory
in any number of possible ways. The
W3C DOM is just one way — but it is
the standard way supported in all
major browsers. The DOM gives Web
developers programmatic (scripting)
access to inspect and manipulate
HTML documents within browsers.
The W3C DOM
17. HTML documents can potentially be
stored and transmitted using any
number of possible “concrete
syntaxes”. But there are two standard
syntaxes for HTML:
• text/html syntax (sometimes called
quot;tag soupquot; HTML)
• XML syntax (XHTML).
HTML syntax/serializations
18. • <html> — root element
• <head> — document metadata
• <body> — document content/body
Basic HTML structure
19. Do’s and Don’ts
Do learn which HTML elements are
obsolete/deprecated.
Do not resort to “tag abuse”; that is,
do not use HTML elements in ways
that conflict with the definitions of
what they are intended to represent.
Basic HTML structure
20. The HTML language (especially
compared to languages such as
DocBook) does not enforce much
structure on content. It is therefore
the responsibility of authors and
content creators to build structure
and semantics into their content.
Basic HTML structure
21. A key part of adding logical structure
is to make judicious use of titled
sections, using the <div> element and
the <h1> through <h6> title/heading
elements; doing so also adds obvious
“visual” structure to rendered output.
Adding semantics and structure
22. Do’s and Don’ts
Do also learn about other mechanisms
for adding semantics and structure to
your content, such as microformats
and RDFa.
Adding semantics and structure
23. Do’s and Don’ts
Do add as much structure and
semantics to your content up-front —
as early in the content-authoring and
content-creation cycle as possible.
Why? Because adding structure and
semantics to content becomes more
costly the later you do it in the cycle.
Adding semantics and structure
29. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use meaningful hyperlink text.
Do not use (for example) context-
bound (presentationally-bound),
meaningless text such as “click here”
for hyperlinks.
Hyperlinks
30. The <img> element
<img src=”vermeer.png”
alt=”Oil painting of a girl
with blonde hair, wearing a
blue scarf and a pearl
earring; her body turns away
at an angle from the painter,
but she looks back over her
shoulder at the painter.”>
Images
31. The value of the alt attribute on an
image should be a “text alternative”
which serves an equivalent purpose to
the purpose of the image (in the
particular context in which the image
is used in the document).
Hyperlinks
32. Do’s and Don’ts
Do learn to write useful alternative
text for images, and do consistently use
such text in your content.
Do not toss junk alt text into the values
of alt attributes just to keep validators
or other tools from complaining.
Images
33. • <ul> — unordered list
• <ol> — ordered list
• <dl> — description list
Lists
34. The <ul> element
<p>The HTML language has three
list wrappers:</p>
<ul>
<li>The ul element</li>
<li>The ol element</li>
<li>The dl element</li>
</ul>
Lists
35. The <ol> element
<p>There are three steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Twist the knob.</li>
<li>Push the button.</li>
<li>Run like hell.</li>
</ol>
Lists
36. The <dl> element
<p>This list associates events
with recommended actions:</p>
<dl>
<dt>Intruder detected</dt>
<dd>Repeat “Intruder alert”.
Optionally, wave hands
around in random fashion.</dd>
</dl>
Lists
37. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use the <dl>, <dt>, and <dd>
structure for more than just
definitions; it is suitable for any kind of
list that associates names or terms of
some kind with values or descriptions
of some kind.
Lists
38. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not use the <dl>, <dt>, and <dd>
structure simply for the presentational
purpose of indenting particular
content.
Lists
39. • <form> — form
• <input> — [many purposes]
• <textarea> — text input/edit control
• <select> — selection menu
• <option> — option in a selection menu
• more...
Forms
41. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use <em> and <strong> when you
are actually marking up emphatic
stress and strong importance.
Emphasis/importance
42. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not use <i> and <b> when you are
actually marking up emphatic stress
and strong importance.
Do note, however: The HTML5 draft
attempts to redefine <i> and <b> in a
way that also gives them a semantic
(non-presentational) purpose.
Emphasis/importance
43. • <abbr> — abbreviation
• <address> — contact information
• <blockquote> — contact information
• <cite> — cited title of a work
• <code> — code fragment
Specific semantic elements
44. • <dfn> — defining instance of a term
• <kbd> — user input <q> — quotation
• <samp> — (sample) output
• <var> — variable or “placeholder text”
Specific semantic elements
45. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use the title attribute on <abbr>
elements, to provide the expansion of
the abbreviation.
Specific semantic elements
46. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not use the <cite> element to mark
up names of persons.
The example of <cite> in the HTML4
spec is wrong, as are any other
examples that use <cite> to mark up
names of persons.
Specific semantic elements
47. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use the id attribute on all <dfn>
elements, to make all definitions
linkable/bookmarkable.
Do use <a> hyperlinks around
instances of a term that are not the
defining instance (with href value
pointing to id of corresponding <dfn>).
Specific semantic elements
48. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use the <var> element to mark up
“placeholder text”; that is, text which
the user is meant to mentally replace
with some other literal value.
Specific semantic elements
50. The <div> element
<div id=”status”
class=”section”>
<h1>Publication status</h1>
<p>This document…</p>
</div>
<div> and <span>
51. Do’s and Don’ts
Do always put <div> containers around
sections that contain <h1> through
<h6> titles.
<div> and <span>
52. Do’s and Don’ts
Do make judicious use of carefully
chosen class values with <div> and
<span> elements and other elements, to
add semantic meaning to your content.
The class and id attributes
53. Do’s and Don’ts
Do make judicious use of carefully
chosen id values with <div>, <dfn>, and
other elements, to add “linkability” and
“bookmarkability” to your content.
Do make id values as short as possible,
but no shorter.
The class and id attributes
54. Do’s and Don’ts
Do note that the class and id attributes
do double-duty as a means to enable
CSS Selector expressions and CSS
rules and properties to be used for
specifying presentation of specific
parts of your content.
The class and id attributes
55. Do’s and Don’ts
Do use validators as tools for yourself,
to help yourself catch your own markup
mistakes — just as you would use a spell
checker or grammar checker (or as you
would use a lint checker to catch coding
mistakes).
Validation and testing
56. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not use validators as a means to
earn “This site is valid” badges; that is,
as a means to publicly assert to others
that your content is valid.
Think about it. You don’t put “This site
contains not spelling errors” badges on
your pages.
Validation and testing
57. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not use validators as a substitute
for thorough testing across multiple
browsers.
Do test your content in multiple
browsers and platforms, and (as much
as possible and practical) multiple
devices.
Validation and testing
58. All major browsers have two very
different parsers:
• HTML parser, for content served
with a text/html MIME type
• XML parser for content served with
an XML MIME type (such as
application/xhtml+xml)
HTML vs. XHTML
59. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not serve machine-generated
XHTML with a text/html MIME type.
Why? Programs cannot ensure their
XML/XHTML output is compatible
with HTML parsers in browsers.
XHTML 1.0 Appendix C is bad advice.
HTML vs. XHTML
60. How to accidently hide an entire page
<head>
<script src=”functions.js”/>
<link rel=”stylesheet”
href=”style.css”>
</head>
<body>
<p>This will not be seen.</p>
HTML vs. XHTML
61. Do’s and Don’ts
Do not use self-closing tags in text/html.
HTML vs. XHTML
62. Do’s and Don’ts
Do start learning about HTML5 now:
Not just about new features in HTML5,
but about what problems HTML5 is
intended to solve.
HTML5
63. Do’s and Don’ts
Do take time to learn about W3C draft
standards related to HTML5, as well as
recent full Recommendations.
• http://www.w3.org/TR/
• CSS Selectors API, Cross-0rigin
Resourse Sharing, Geolocation API,
Element Traversal, SVG
W3C draft standards
64. Do’s and Don’ts
Do test your content with development
versions of browsers.
• Opera snapshots
• WebKit/Safari/Chrome nightly builds
• Mozilla Minefield
• IE beta releases
Keeping up with browsers
65. Do’s and Don’ts
Do report browser bugs to vendors.
See John Resig,
“A Web Developer's Responsibility”:
http://ejohn.org/blog/a-web-
developers-responsibility/
Keeping up with browsers