Chapter 10 presentation
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The document discusses stages of prenatal development and menopause. It describes the three stages of prenatal development: the germinal stage lasting 2 weeks, the embryonic stage from weeks 3-8, and the fetal stage from weeks 9-40. It then explains menopause as the cessation of menstruation typically occurring between ages 45-55 and associated symptoms. Finally, it defines a TAH-BSO procedure as the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, often performed for cancer treatment or risk reduction.
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Recommended
Chapter 10 presentation
The document summarizes key stages of prenatal development and menopause, and describes two medical procedures. It discusses the following:
1) There are three stages of prenatal development: the germinal stage lasting 2 weeks, the embryonic stage from weeks 3-8, and the fetal stage from weeks 9-40 where organs continue developing and growing.
2) Menopause is the transition period where a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs between ages 45-55, resulting in less estrogen and progesterone and eventual cessation of menstruation over 1-3 years.
3) A TAH-BSO is the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, generally
Male reproductive system
The male reproductive system ensures the continuation of species. The testes are the primary sex organs that produce sperm through spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are formed from primitive germ cells in the testes over 74 days. It occurs in four stages: proliferation, growth, maturation, and transformation. The testes also secrete male sex hormones called androgens, including testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for masculine physical traits and plays an important role in fetal development and adult sexual maturation.
Chap 10 reproductive system
The document discusses the female reproductive system and menopause. It describes how eggs are produced in the ovaries and are larger than sperm. Menopause occurs between ages 45-55 when periods stop and women can no longer get pregnant. Symptoms vary but include hot flashes and mood swings. The endometrium lines the uterus and is shed during menstruation, while endometrial cancer develops from its cells and is usually detected early due to abnormal bleeding.
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of primary and accessory sex organs. The primary sex organs are the ovaries which produce eggs and female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The accessory sex organs include the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina which make up the reproductive tract, as well as the external genitalia. Both estrogen and progesterone are important female hormones with various functions in the reproductive system like regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in the ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina over approximately 28 days. It begins at menarche and consists of two phases - the follicular phase where an ovarian follicle develops and ovulation occurs, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining is shed through menstruation marking the start of a new cycle. The cycle involves changes in hormone levels, the development and breakdown of tissues, and variations in the cervix and vaginal environment to prepare for potential pregnancy.
Physiology of Pregnancy and Parturition
The document discusses various aspects of pregnancy including fertilization, maternal physiological changes during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and pregnancy testing. It describes the transport of gametes during fertilization, the process of capacitation and formation of the zygote. It outlines various hematological, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and other changes in the body to accommodate the growing fetus. Key events of labor and delivery and how pregnancy tests work are also summarized.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle describes the monthly process a woman's body goes through to prepare for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining breaks down and is discharged as menstruation. The cycle is initiated by hormones that cause an egg to mature in one of the ovaries each month. If the egg is fertilized by a sperm, pregnancy will occur. Otherwise, without hormones to sustain it, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed, completing the cycle and preparing the body for the next potential pregnancy.
Changes in physiological systems during pregnancy (1)
1. During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume increases by about 20% due to a rise in plasma volume, which causes hemodilution. Cardiac output increases by 30% in the first trimester before decreasing to normal levels in later stages. Blood pressure typically remains unchanged in the first trimester and slightly decreases in the second trimester.
2. Changes in other physiological systems include increased respiratory and renal function to accommodate the growing fetus. Morning sickness occurs due to hormonal imbalance in early pregnancy. The endocrine system undergoes changes like increased secretion of hormones from the pituitary, adrenal cortex, thyroid and parathyroid glands to support the demands of the fetus and pregnancy.
3. Psychological changes
Recommended
Chapter 10 presentation
The document summarizes key stages of prenatal development and menopause, and describes two medical procedures. It discusses the following:
1) There are three stages of prenatal development: the germinal stage lasting 2 weeks, the embryonic stage from weeks 3-8, and the fetal stage from weeks 9-40 where organs continue developing and growing.
2) Menopause is the transition period where a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs between ages 45-55, resulting in less estrogen and progesterone and eventual cessation of menstruation over 1-3 years.
3) A TAH-BSO is the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, generally
Male reproductive system
The male reproductive system ensures the continuation of species. The testes are the primary sex organs that produce sperm through spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are formed from primitive germ cells in the testes over 74 days. It occurs in four stages: proliferation, growth, maturation, and transformation. The testes also secrete male sex hormones called androgens, including testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for masculine physical traits and plays an important role in fetal development and adult sexual maturation.
Chap 10 reproductive system
The document discusses the female reproductive system and menopause. It describes how eggs are produced in the ovaries and are larger than sperm. Menopause occurs between ages 45-55 when periods stop and women can no longer get pregnant. Symptoms vary but include hot flashes and mood swings. The endometrium lines the uterus and is shed during menstruation, while endometrial cancer develops from its cells and is usually detected early due to abnormal bleeding.
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of primary and accessory sex organs. The primary sex organs are the ovaries which produce eggs and female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The accessory sex organs include the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina which make up the reproductive tract, as well as the external genitalia. Both estrogen and progesterone are important female hormones with various functions in the reproductive system like regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in the ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina over approximately 28 days. It begins at menarche and consists of two phases - the follicular phase where an ovarian follicle develops and ovulation occurs, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining is shed through menstruation marking the start of a new cycle. The cycle involves changes in hormone levels, the development and breakdown of tissues, and variations in the cervix and vaginal environment to prepare for potential pregnancy.
Physiology of Pregnancy and Parturition
The document discusses various aspects of pregnancy including fertilization, maternal physiological changes during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and pregnancy testing. It describes the transport of gametes during fertilization, the process of capacitation and formation of the zygote. It outlines various hematological, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and other changes in the body to accommodate the growing fetus. Key events of labor and delivery and how pregnancy tests work are also summarized.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle describes the monthly process a woman's body goes through to prepare for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining breaks down and is discharged as menstruation. The cycle is initiated by hormones that cause an egg to mature in one of the ovaries each month. If the egg is fertilized by a sperm, pregnancy will occur. Otherwise, without hormones to sustain it, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed, completing the cycle and preparing the body for the next potential pregnancy.
Changes in physiological systems during pregnancy (1)
1. During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume increases by about 20% due to a rise in plasma volume, which causes hemodilution. Cardiac output increases by 30% in the first trimester before decreasing to normal levels in later stages. Blood pressure typically remains unchanged in the first trimester and slightly decreases in the second trimester.
2. Changes in other physiological systems include increased respiratory and renal function to accommodate the growing fetus. Morning sickness occurs due to hormonal imbalance in early pregnancy. The endocrine system undergoes changes like increased secretion of hormones from the pituitary, adrenal cortex, thyroid and parathyroid glands to support the demands of the fetus and pregnancy.
3. Psychological changes
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle involves changes in female sex hormones that affect the body in different ways throughout its phases. The luteal phase, characterized by higher progesterone levels, predisposes the body to better cardiovascular conditions for exercise and favors weight loss compared to other phases of the menstrual cycle. References discuss how the menstrual cycle can impact factors of energy balance and potentially influence weight loss attempts.
Physiology of pregnancy, placental hormones , parturition
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology.
Mestrual cycle dr.patel
The menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days long and involves changes in the ovaries, uterus, and hormones. It begins with menstruation and the shedding of the uterine lining. The follicular phase follows as a follicle develops in the ovary. Around day 14, ovulation occurs where an egg is released. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone to thicken the uterine lining in case of fertilization. If no implantation occurs, hormone levels drop and menstruation begins again.
Physiological changes during pregnancy
The document describes anatomical and physiological changes that occur in the female body during pregnancy across multiple body systems. Key changes include enlargement of the uterus, increased blood volume and cardiac output, changes in hormone levels that support pregnancy and fetal development, adaptations in the urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems to accommodate the growing fetus, and alterations in the endocrine system to meet increased nutritional demands.
Reproductive cycle by Rashmi Morey pdf
Reproductive cycle useful for undergraduate , post graduates and for secondary and higher secondary students science education.
It includes physiology of menstrual cycle and role of hormones in mammalian reproductive cycles
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...Kameshwaran Sugavanam
This document discusses the physiology of menstruation. It begins with an overview of menstruation and notes that it involves periodic physiological changes in females from puberty until menopause. It then outlines the four phases of the menstrual cycle: the menstrual phase involving bleeding, the follicular phase where the uterus lining thickens, ovulation where an egg is released, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. Each phase is described in 1-2 sentences with key details.Reproductive cycles in mammals
The document summarizes reproductive cycles in mammals. It describes the estrous cycle found in most non-primate mammals, characterized by a brief period of fertility called estrus. The estrous cycle has four phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and anestrus. It also describes the human menstrual cycle, which repeats monthly and is characterized by changes in the uterine lining and maturation and ovulation of follicles. If fertilization does not occur, the thickened uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow. Both cycles are regulated by hormones from the pituitary gland and ovaries.
Lactation
Lactation involves two processes: milk secretion and milk ejection. Milk secretion is the synthesis and passage of milk through the alveolar epithelium and duct system, occurring in two phases - initiation (lactogenesis) and maintenance (galactopoiesis). Initiation is triggered after delivery as prolactin levels rise, secreting an initial low-sugar, high protein milk called colostrum. Maintenance depends on hormones like growth hormone, thyroxine, and cortisol to sustain glucose, amino acid, and mineral supply for ongoing milk production triggered by suckling. Milk ejection is the discharge of milk from the mammary gland in response to suckling, mediated by a neuroendocrine reflex.
Fe male reproductive system
The document provides information on the female reproductive system including:
- The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone which regulate development of secondary sex characteristics and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
- Estrogen stimulates growth of reproductive tissues and progesterone thickens the uterine lining.
- Various contraceptive methods work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, or preventing implantation.
- Infertility can result from problems with ovulation, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervical mucus.
Physiology of Parturition & Lactation
The document summarizes the physiology of parturition (childbirth) and lactation. It describes the four stages of labor, including cervical dilation and effacement in the first stage and delivery of the baby in the second. It discusses the hormonal and mechanical factors that control parturition, such as increased estrogen and progesterone levels triggering uterine contractions. The document also explains lactogenesis, including the hormonal influences of prolactin, progesterone, estrogen and oxytocin in milk production and ejection.
The menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. It begins at menarche and ends at menopause. During each cycle, an egg matures and is released during ovulation around day 14. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels fall and the uterine lining sheds as menstruation over around 3-8 days. Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins released during this shedding process, which cause uterine contractions.
Functions of placenta
The placenta serves four main functions:
1. Nutritive - it allows nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones from the mother's blood to diffuse to the developing fetus.
2. Excretory - it excretes metabolic waste and end products from the fetus into the mother's bloodstream.
3. Respiratory - as the fetal lungs are not functional, the placenta acts as the fetus's respiratory organ by allowing oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood to the fetus and carbon dioxide to diffuse in the opposite direction.
4. Endocrine - the placenta secretes hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, HCS, and relaxin which help sustain the pregnancy and
Human reproduction powerpoint
The male reproductive system contains both external and internal organs. The external organs include the penis and scrotum. The internal organs include the testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland. Sperm and hormones are produced and stored in the testicles and related structures. The female reproductive system also contains external and internal organs. The external organs include the labia and vulva. The internal organs include the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The uterus is where a fetus develops during pregnancy. During ovulation, an egg is released from the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes where it may be fertilized by sperm
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
This presentation is used for high school anatomy and physiology students to (re)introduce oogenesis and female reproductive anatomy and physiology.
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The document discusses the three stages of labor and delivery: 1) the dilation stage where the cervix dilates until it is fully open, 2) the expulsion stage where the infant is delivered, and 3) the placental stage where the placenta is expelled. It also describes a total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy surgery to remove the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, often used to treat cancer or for gender reassignment. Menopause is defined as the end of menstrual periods and fertility between ages 40-55 caused by lowered estrogen production in the ovaries.
Menstruation
The document discusses menstruation and the hormones involved. It defines menstruation and explains that it is one phase of the menstrual cycle. The hormones estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH play key roles in regulating the cycle and triggering changes in the uterus and ovaries. Estrogen stimulates uterine lining growth, while progesterone further develops the lining. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins as the lining detaches from the uterus. Problems with these hormones can cause irregularities in the cycle.
Reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of internal organs including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs that can be fertilized and travel through the fallopian tubes. If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus and develops. The system is regulated by hormones which control the maturation and release of eggs as well as prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
Reproductive system
This document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It discusses the organs involved in both systems and their functions, such as sperm and egg production. It also outlines factors that can affect sperm quality and production. Finally, it describes the physical, hormonal, and emotional changes that occur during puberty, including development of reproductive organs and onset of the ability to reproduce.
Fertillization & function of placenta
1) Fertilization involves several sperm penetrating the corona radiata and zona pellucida to fuse with the egg nucleus to form a zygote, preventing additional sperm from entering.
2) The fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus within 3-5 days, propelled by cilia and fluid currents.
3) The blastocyst implants in the uterine endometrium through enzymes secreted by trophoblast cells, forming the placenta which facilitates nutrient/gas exchange between mother and fetus and produces important hormones.
Powerpoint human reproduction
Human reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote with genetic material from both parents. The male reproductive system produces sperm and testosterone, while the female reproductive system produces eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone that support pregnancy. Fertilization occurs when sperm joins with an egg, which then implants in the uterus and receives nutrients through the placenta until birth, in which contractions push the baby through the birth canal. Antenatal care includes maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding illness and substances for a healthy pregnancy and birth.
Chapter 5 - Healthy Living
The document provides information on the male and female reproductive systems, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth, contraception, infertility, and other reproductive health topics. It describes the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs. It also explains stages of pregnancy and fetal development, the birth process in three stages, and common concerns during pregnancy such as prenatal care and premenstrual syndrome.
Menstrual Cycle & process of conception.ppt
This document discusses the menstrual cycle and related topics. It begins by listing learning objectives about defining terminology, identifying cycle characteristics and phases, describing hormonal changes, and discussing conception and pregnancy signs. It then defines key terms and describes the typical length, timing, and phases of the menstrual cycle including the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases. It discusses the ovarian and uterine cycles, basal body temperature, the development of the conceptus, and common disorders of the menstrual cycle.
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The menstrual cycle involves changes in female sex hormones that affect the body in different ways throughout its phases. The luteal phase, characterized by higher progesterone levels, predisposes the body to better cardiovascular conditions for exercise and favors weight loss compared to other phases of the menstrual cycle. References discuss how the menstrual cycle can impact factors of energy balance and potentially influence weight loss attempts.
Physiology of pregnancy, placental hormones , parturition
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology.
Mestrual cycle dr.patel
The menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days long and involves changes in the ovaries, uterus, and hormones. It begins with menstruation and the shedding of the uterine lining. The follicular phase follows as a follicle develops in the ovary. Around day 14, ovulation occurs where an egg is released. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone to thicken the uterine lining in case of fertilization. If no implantation occurs, hormone levels drop and menstruation begins again.
Physiological changes during pregnancy
The document describes anatomical and physiological changes that occur in the female body during pregnancy across multiple body systems. Key changes include enlargement of the uterus, increased blood volume and cardiac output, changes in hormone levels that support pregnancy and fetal development, adaptations in the urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems to accommodate the growing fetus, and alterations in the endocrine system to meet increased nutritional demands.
Reproductive cycle by Rashmi Morey pdf
Reproductive cycle useful for undergraduate , post graduates and for secondary and higher secondary students science education.
It includes physiology of menstrual cycle and role of hormones in mammalian reproductive cycles
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...Kameshwaran Sugavanam
This document discusses the physiology of menstruation. It begins with an overview of menstruation and notes that it involves periodic physiological changes in females from puberty until menopause. It then outlines the four phases of the menstrual cycle: the menstrual phase involving bleeding, the follicular phase where the uterus lining thickens, ovulation where an egg is released, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. Each phase is described in 1-2 sentences with key details.Reproductive cycles in mammals
The document summarizes reproductive cycles in mammals. It describes the estrous cycle found in most non-primate mammals, characterized by a brief period of fertility called estrus. The estrous cycle has four phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and anestrus. It also describes the human menstrual cycle, which repeats monthly and is characterized by changes in the uterine lining and maturation and ovulation of follicles. If fertilization does not occur, the thickened uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow. Both cycles are regulated by hormones from the pituitary gland and ovaries.
Lactation
Lactation involves two processes: milk secretion and milk ejection. Milk secretion is the synthesis and passage of milk through the alveolar epithelium and duct system, occurring in two phases - initiation (lactogenesis) and maintenance (galactopoiesis). Initiation is triggered after delivery as prolactin levels rise, secreting an initial low-sugar, high protein milk called colostrum. Maintenance depends on hormones like growth hormone, thyroxine, and cortisol to sustain glucose, amino acid, and mineral supply for ongoing milk production triggered by suckling. Milk ejection is the discharge of milk from the mammary gland in response to suckling, mediated by a neuroendocrine reflex.
Fe male reproductive system
The document provides information on the female reproductive system including:
- The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone which regulate development of secondary sex characteristics and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
- Estrogen stimulates growth of reproductive tissues and progesterone thickens the uterine lining.
- Various contraceptive methods work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, or preventing implantation.
- Infertility can result from problems with ovulation, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervical mucus.
Physiology of Parturition & Lactation
The document summarizes the physiology of parturition (childbirth) and lactation. It describes the four stages of labor, including cervical dilation and effacement in the first stage and delivery of the baby in the second. It discusses the hormonal and mechanical factors that control parturition, such as increased estrogen and progesterone levels triggering uterine contractions. The document also explains lactogenesis, including the hormonal influences of prolactin, progesterone, estrogen and oxytocin in milk production and ejection.
The menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. It begins at menarche and ends at menopause. During each cycle, an egg matures and is released during ovulation around day 14. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels fall and the uterine lining sheds as menstruation over around 3-8 days. Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins released during this shedding process, which cause uterine contractions.
Functions of placenta
The placenta serves four main functions:
1. Nutritive - it allows nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones from the mother's blood to diffuse to the developing fetus.
2. Excretory - it excretes metabolic waste and end products from the fetus into the mother's bloodstream.
3. Respiratory - as the fetal lungs are not functional, the placenta acts as the fetus's respiratory organ by allowing oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood to the fetus and carbon dioxide to diffuse in the opposite direction.
4. Endocrine - the placenta secretes hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, HCS, and relaxin which help sustain the pregnancy and
Human reproduction powerpoint
The male reproductive system contains both external and internal organs. The external organs include the penis and scrotum. The internal organs include the testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland. Sperm and hormones are produced and stored in the testicles and related structures. The female reproductive system also contains external and internal organs. The external organs include the labia and vulva. The internal organs include the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The uterus is where a fetus develops during pregnancy. During ovulation, an egg is released from the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes where it may be fertilized by sperm
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
This presentation is used for high school anatomy and physiology students to (re)introduce oogenesis and female reproductive anatomy and physiology.
Ch 10 Presentation
The document discusses the three stages of labor and delivery: 1) the dilation stage where the cervix dilates until it is fully open, 2) the expulsion stage where the infant is delivered, and 3) the placental stage where the placenta is expelled. It also describes a total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy surgery to remove the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, often used to treat cancer or for gender reassignment. Menopause is defined as the end of menstrual periods and fertility between ages 40-55 caused by lowered estrogen production in the ovaries.
Menstruation
The document discusses menstruation and the hormones involved. It defines menstruation and explains that it is one phase of the menstrual cycle. The hormones estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH play key roles in regulating the cycle and triggering changes in the uterus and ovaries. Estrogen stimulates uterine lining growth, while progesterone further develops the lining. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins as the lining detaches from the uterus. Problems with these hormones can cause irregularities in the cycle.
Reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of internal organs including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs that can be fertilized and travel through the fallopian tubes. If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus and develops. The system is regulated by hormones which control the maturation and release of eggs as well as prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
Reproductive system
This document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It discusses the organs involved in both systems and their functions, such as sperm and egg production. It also outlines factors that can affect sperm quality and production. Finally, it describes the physical, hormonal, and emotional changes that occur during puberty, including development of reproductive organs and onset of the ability to reproduce.
Fertillization & function of placenta
1) Fertilization involves several sperm penetrating the corona radiata and zona pellucida to fuse with the egg nucleus to form a zygote, preventing additional sperm from entering.
2) The fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus within 3-5 days, propelled by cilia and fluid currents.
3) The blastocyst implants in the uterine endometrium through enzymes secreted by trophoblast cells, forming the placenta which facilitates nutrient/gas exchange between mother and fetus and produces important hormones.
Powerpoint human reproduction
Human reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote with genetic material from both parents. The male reproductive system produces sperm and testosterone, while the female reproductive system produces eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone that support pregnancy. Fertilization occurs when sperm joins with an egg, which then implants in the uterus and receives nutrients through the placenta until birth, in which contractions push the baby through the birth canal. Antenatal care includes maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding illness and substances for a healthy pregnancy and birth.
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Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...
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Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
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The document provides information on the male and female reproductive systems, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth, contraception, infertility, and other reproductive health topics. It describes the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs. It also explains stages of pregnancy and fetal development, the birth process in three stages, and common concerns during pregnancy such as prenatal care and premenstrual syndrome.
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This document discusses the menstrual cycle and related topics. It begins by listing learning objectives about defining terminology, identifying cycle characteristics and phases, describing hormonal changes, and discussing conception and pregnancy signs. It then defines key terms and describes the typical length, timing, and phases of the menstrual cycle including the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases. It discusses the ovarian and uterine cycles, basal body temperature, the development of the conceptus, and common disorders of the menstrual cycle.
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The menstrual cycle is governed by hormonal changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It involves the ovarian cycle of follicle development and ovulation, as well as the uterine cycle of proliferation, secretion, and menstruation. The average cycle is 28 days, but can range from 21-45 days. Menarche typically occurs between ages 12-15, while menopause usually occurs between ages 45-55. Fertility is highest around the time of ovulation in the middle of the cycle. The cycle is controlled by hormones like estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH to regulate follicle development, ovulation, and preparation of the uterus for potential implantation.
Chapter 10 presentation
This document discusses gestation, the stages of fetal development from embryo to fetus, and the three trimesters of pregnancy. It also covers the structure and function of the uterus, layers of the uterus, menopause including causes and symptoms, and common treatments for menopause.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND OVULATION 04-09-23 dr.Aremu.ppt
The document discusses the menstrual cycle in women. It defines the menstrual cycle and explains that it typically occurs monthly from puberty to menopause. The cycle involves changes in the ovaries and uterus regulated by hormones. It describes the four phases - follicular, ovulation, luteal, and menstrual. Key events like menarche, ovulation and menstruation are explained. Causes and symptoms of common conditions like PMS and dysmenorrhea are also summarized.
Menstrual cycle and dis order
The document summarizes the key phases and hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle. It discusses:
1. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days consisting of the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase regulated by hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
2. During the follicular phase, FSH and LH stimulate follicle growth and estrogen production. Near mid-cycle, high estrogen triggers an LH surge and ovulation.
3. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. If no implantation occurs, progesterone levels fall and menstruation begins.
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptx
Physiology for medical students in university.
Assignment done by students to be used for other university students also.
Focus more on the menstruation in female.
Why females living in one dorm menstruate at period and synchronization occur for their period.
Students can understand the reason why this occur and come to common understand the reason.
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Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development o...
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MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND OVULATION 04-09-23 dr.Aremu.ppt
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Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
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Recomendamos muito.
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Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
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Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
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Significance of Taste Sensation:
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Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
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Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
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Location of Taste Buds:
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Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
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Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
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Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
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Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
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Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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