IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
New Topology for Transformer less Single Stage -Single Switch AC/DC ConverterIJMER
This paper presents a transformer less single-stage single-switch ac/dc converter suitable for universal line applications (90–270 Vrms). The topology consists of a buck-type power-factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and part of the input power is directly coupled to the output after the first power processing. With this direct power transfer and sharing capacitor voltages, the converter is able to achieve efficient power conversion, high power factor, low voltage stress on intermediate bus (less than 120 V) and low output voltage without a high step-down transformer. The absence of transformer reduces the size of the circuit , component counts and cost of the converter. Unlike most of the boost-type PFC cell, the main switch of the proposed converter only handles the peak inductor current of dc/dc cell rather than the superposition of both inductor currents. Tight voltage regulation is provided by using PID controller. Detailed analysis and design procedures and simulation of the proposed circuit are given .
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Low frequency ac transmission for power systems by Aamir SaleemAamir Saleem
Voltage instability is one of the major issue in
HVAC power network operating at 50 Hz frequency due to
limited power transfer capability and distance limit. The stable
operation of power system must be kept within limits to
increase the efficiency of power transmission system. In this
research Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system has
been proposed as a new power transmission technology to
reduce the losses of transmission network and controlling the
reactive power using Flexible AC transmission device. A
LFAC Transmission lines operates at 16.7Hz frequency for
transmission of power from source to load and use two
Frequency converters at source and load side. The normal
operation of power system depends on the reactive power
flowing through the power transmission lines, which can be
adjusted by a flexible AC transmission device; Static
synchronous compensator. LFAC transmission lines with
STATCOM controller improve the Power system voltage
stability under various disturbances and enhance the power
transmission capability as compare to HVAC transmission.
The simulations are done in Matlab Simulink 2017a .The
Output of Matlab Simulink model shows that voltage will
become Stable and reactive power is compensated for best
performance for power system.
New Topology for Transformer less Single Stage -Single Switch AC/DC ConverterIJMER
This paper presents a transformer less single-stage single-switch ac/dc converter suitable for universal line applications (90–270 Vrms). The topology consists of a buck-type power-factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and part of the input power is directly coupled to the output after the first power processing. With this direct power transfer and sharing capacitor voltages, the converter is able to achieve efficient power conversion, high power factor, low voltage stress on intermediate bus (less than 120 V) and low output voltage without a high step-down transformer. The absence of transformer reduces the size of the circuit , component counts and cost of the converter. Unlike most of the boost-type PFC cell, the main switch of the proposed converter only handles the peak inductor current of dc/dc cell rather than the superposition of both inductor currents. Tight voltage regulation is provided by using PID controller. Detailed analysis and design procedures and simulation of the proposed circuit are given .
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Low frequency ac transmission for power systems by Aamir SaleemAamir Saleem
Voltage instability is one of the major issue in
HVAC power network operating at 50 Hz frequency due to
limited power transfer capability and distance limit. The stable
operation of power system must be kept within limits to
increase the efficiency of power transmission system. In this
research Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system has
been proposed as a new power transmission technology to
reduce the losses of transmission network and controlling the
reactive power using Flexible AC transmission device. A
LFAC Transmission lines operates at 16.7Hz frequency for
transmission of power from source to load and use two
Frequency converters at source and load side. The normal
operation of power system depends on the reactive power
flowing through the power transmission lines, which can be
adjusted by a flexible AC transmission device; Static
synchronous compensator. LFAC transmission lines with
STATCOM controller improve the Power system voltage
stability under various disturbances and enhance the power
transmission capability as compare to HVAC transmission.
The simulations are done in Matlab Simulink 2017a .The
Output of Matlab Simulink model shows that voltage will
become Stable and reactive power is compensated for best
performance for power system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of Buck-Boost and Cuk Converters for BLDC Drive Applications with PFCIJMTST Journal
The devices generally used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to undergo rectification for their proper functioning and operation. Hence there is a need to reduce the line current harmonics so as to improve the power factor of the system. This has led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. This project presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter-fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications. The conventional PFC scheme of the BLDC motor drive utilizes a pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) for speed control with a constant dc link voltage. This offers higher switching losses in VSI as the switching losses increase as a square function of switching frequency. A BL configuration of the buck–boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the conduction losses associated with it. A PFC BL buck–boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. The simulation results are presented by using Matlab/Simulink software. The proposed concept can be extended with cuk converter for BLDC drive applications using Matlab/Simulink software
Open Loop Control Of Series Parallel Resonant ConverterIDES Editor
Resonant converters are desirable for power
conversion due to their comparatively smaller size and
lower power losses resulting from high-frequency
operation and inherent soft switching. Among all the
topologies of the resonant converters, the series–parallel
resonant converter (SPRC) is known to have the
combined merits of the series resonant converter and
parallel resonant converter. The converter can regulate
the output voltage at a constant switching frequency even
for a change in load resistance from full load resistance to
infinity while maintaining good part load efficiency. The
purpose of this project is to design a closed loop
controller for the phase-controlled series parallel
resonant converter (PC SPRC). The open loop analysis
and closed loop control has been provided in this paper.
Abstract: AC-DC soft-switching resonant converter with interleaved boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. In this converter, an interleaved boost PFC circuit is integrated with a soft-switching resonant converter. High power factor is achieved by the interleaved boost PFC circuit. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability, power factor and efficiency in power system can be obtained and ripples are also reduced. Another advantage of interleaved technique is reduction of THD. Thus the converter performance can be improved. The voltage across the main switches is confined to the dc-link voltage. Soft-switching operation of main switches and output diodes is achieved. Hence the switching losses are reduced significantly. Therefore, the overall efficiency is improved. Circuit is simulated with 110V AC input voltage and 45V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripple are also analyzed. The simulation is done in PSIM. Power factor of 0.96 is achieved with this converter. For the hardware, dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating PWM pulse with switching frequency 90 kHz.
Keywords: Power factor correction (PFC), Soft switching, Resonant converter, Interleaved Boost converter.
Title: Resonant AC-DC Converter with Interleaved Boost PFC
Author: Aqulin Ouseph, Prof. Kiran Boby, Prof. Neena Mani
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Neuro-Fuzzy Five-level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Active Power FilterIDES Editor
This paper presents an investigation of five-Level
Cascaded H-bridge(CHB) inverter as Active Power Filter in
Power System (PS) for compensation of reactive power and
harmonics. The advantages of CHB inverter are low harmonic
distortion, reduced number of switches and suppression of
switching losses. The Active Power Filter helps to improve
the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion
(THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier Load (NLDRL).
The D-Q reference frame theory is used to generate the
reference compensating currents for Active Power Filter
while Neuro-Fuzzy controller(NFC) is used for capacitor dc
voltage regulation. A CHB Inverter is considered for shunt
compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level
shifted PWM (LSPWM) technique adopted to investigate the
performance of CHB Inverter. The results are obtained through
Mat lab / Simulink .
Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Swit...paperpublications3
Abstract: Many electronic appliances powered up from the utility, utilize the classical method of AC-DC rectification which involves a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) followed by a large electrolytic capacitor. The uncontrolled charging and discharging of this capacitor instigates harmonic rich current being drawn from the utility which goes against the international power quality standard limits. Personal computer (PC) is one of the electronic equipment which is severely affected by power quality problems. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an integral part of the computer that converts AC to multiple numbers of suitable DC voltages to impart power to different parts of the PC. It contains a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with a capacitor filter followed by an isolated DC-DC converter to achieve multiple dc output voltages of different ratings. That result in a highly distorted, high crest factor, periodically dense input current at the single phase ac mains; this violates the limits of international power quality (PQ) standards such as IEC 61000 -3-2 . Employing various power factor corrected (PFC) single-stage and two stage converters effect a perceivable PQ improvement in these SMPSs. Hence from the analysis of different power factor converters a bridgeless buck boost converter is designed and implemented here for near unity power factor.
Keywords: Switched mode power supplies(SMPS), Power Factor correction(PFC) Converter, Power Quality, DC-to-DC Converters, AC-DC rectification.
Title: Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Switched Mode Power Supply
Author: Stephy Mathew, Asst. Prof. Nayana J, Asst. Prof. Remya K P
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Improved power quality buck boost converter for SMPSIJECEIAES
In this paper, a Neural Network (NN) controlled Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) based Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for a PC application is proposed. The proposed BBC is analyzed, modeled and designed for the rated load. Generally, the utilization of Multiple Output SMPS (MOSMPS) for PC application introduces Power Quality (PQ) issues in the power system network. Unlike conventional SMPS the proposed NN controlled BBC can accomplish improvement of power quality. The NN controller reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current below 5%, maintains input side Power Factor (PF) to be nearly unity and improves the output voltage regulation. In the proposed system, NN controller replaces the conventional PI controller and overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional system. The proposed BBC is validated adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation analysis validate that the proposed NN controlled BBC performs better than conventional converter in terms of PQ indices under fluctuating conditions.
Review of Integrated Power Factor Correction (PFC) Boost converter topologies...IJARBEST JOURNAL
This paper provides a review of various Power Factor Correction (PFC) boost
converter topologies suitable for telecoms. A novel integrated PFC topology is proposed which acts
as a backup power supply for telecommunication systems. The advantage of the proposed circuit is
that it operates based on soft switching principle thereby reducing the switching losses in the
converter. The topologies analyzed in this paper are conventional average current mode control
boost PFC, bridgeless boost PFC, semi-bridgeless boost PFC, totem-pole bridgeless boost PFC and
proposed integrated boost PFC. All these topology studies are investigated by carrying out the
simulation of the converter circuits using PSIM software. A detailed comparison of all the
topologies have been done and they are compared in terms of supply power factor, supply current
THD and displacement factor. From the results, it is inferred that the proposed integrated PFC
provides a reduced supply current THD and improved power factor. The results are validated.
A Modern Technique of Deduction in Leakage Current in Resonant Bi-directional...IJMTST Journal
This Paper Presents A whole New resonant twin active bridge(DAB) topology, that uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor(LCL) network. As compared to ancient DAB topologies, the planned topologies significantly reduced the bridge current, lowering every physical phenomenon and alter losses and conjointly VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model at a lower place varied operational conditions. Experiment results of a model is reduced the outflow current of the circuit. are presented with discussion to demonstrate the improved performance of the LCL DAB topology. Result clearly that the planned DAB Topology provide higher efficiency over an oversized vary of every input voltage and as compared to ancient DAB topology
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of Buck-Boost and Cuk Converters for BLDC Drive Applications with PFCIJMTST Journal
The devices generally used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to undergo rectification for their proper functioning and operation. Hence there is a need to reduce the line current harmonics so as to improve the power factor of the system. This has led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. This project presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter-fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications. The conventional PFC scheme of the BLDC motor drive utilizes a pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) for speed control with a constant dc link voltage. This offers higher switching losses in VSI as the switching losses increase as a square function of switching frequency. A BL configuration of the buck–boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the conduction losses associated with it. A PFC BL buck–boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. The simulation results are presented by using Matlab/Simulink software. The proposed concept can be extended with cuk converter for BLDC drive applications using Matlab/Simulink software
Open Loop Control Of Series Parallel Resonant ConverterIDES Editor
Resonant converters are desirable for power
conversion due to their comparatively smaller size and
lower power losses resulting from high-frequency
operation and inherent soft switching. Among all the
topologies of the resonant converters, the series–parallel
resonant converter (SPRC) is known to have the
combined merits of the series resonant converter and
parallel resonant converter. The converter can regulate
the output voltage at a constant switching frequency even
for a change in load resistance from full load resistance to
infinity while maintaining good part load efficiency. The
purpose of this project is to design a closed loop
controller for the phase-controlled series parallel
resonant converter (PC SPRC). The open loop analysis
and closed loop control has been provided in this paper.
Abstract: AC-DC soft-switching resonant converter with interleaved boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. In this converter, an interleaved boost PFC circuit is integrated with a soft-switching resonant converter. High power factor is achieved by the interleaved boost PFC circuit. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability, power factor and efficiency in power system can be obtained and ripples are also reduced. Another advantage of interleaved technique is reduction of THD. Thus the converter performance can be improved. The voltage across the main switches is confined to the dc-link voltage. Soft-switching operation of main switches and output diodes is achieved. Hence the switching losses are reduced significantly. Therefore, the overall efficiency is improved. Circuit is simulated with 110V AC input voltage and 45V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripple are also analyzed. The simulation is done in PSIM. Power factor of 0.96 is achieved with this converter. For the hardware, dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating PWM pulse with switching frequency 90 kHz.
Keywords: Power factor correction (PFC), Soft switching, Resonant converter, Interleaved Boost converter.
Title: Resonant AC-DC Converter with Interleaved Boost PFC
Author: Aqulin Ouseph, Prof. Kiran Boby, Prof. Neena Mani
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Neuro-Fuzzy Five-level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Active Power FilterIDES Editor
This paper presents an investigation of five-Level
Cascaded H-bridge(CHB) inverter as Active Power Filter in
Power System (PS) for compensation of reactive power and
harmonics. The advantages of CHB inverter are low harmonic
distortion, reduced number of switches and suppression of
switching losses. The Active Power Filter helps to improve
the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion
(THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier Load (NLDRL).
The D-Q reference frame theory is used to generate the
reference compensating currents for Active Power Filter
while Neuro-Fuzzy controller(NFC) is used for capacitor dc
voltage regulation. A CHB Inverter is considered for shunt
compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level
shifted PWM (LSPWM) technique adopted to investigate the
performance of CHB Inverter. The results are obtained through
Mat lab / Simulink .
Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Swit...paperpublications3
Abstract: Many electronic appliances powered up from the utility, utilize the classical method of AC-DC rectification which involves a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) followed by a large electrolytic capacitor. The uncontrolled charging and discharging of this capacitor instigates harmonic rich current being drawn from the utility which goes against the international power quality standard limits. Personal computer (PC) is one of the electronic equipment which is severely affected by power quality problems. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an integral part of the computer that converts AC to multiple numbers of suitable DC voltages to impart power to different parts of the PC. It contains a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with a capacitor filter followed by an isolated DC-DC converter to achieve multiple dc output voltages of different ratings. That result in a highly distorted, high crest factor, periodically dense input current at the single phase ac mains; this violates the limits of international power quality (PQ) standards such as IEC 61000 -3-2 . Employing various power factor corrected (PFC) single-stage and two stage converters effect a perceivable PQ improvement in these SMPSs. Hence from the analysis of different power factor converters a bridgeless buck boost converter is designed and implemented here for near unity power factor.
Keywords: Switched mode power supplies(SMPS), Power Factor correction(PFC) Converter, Power Quality, DC-to-DC Converters, AC-DC rectification.
Title: Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Switched Mode Power Supply
Author: Stephy Mathew, Asst. Prof. Nayana J, Asst. Prof. Remya K P
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Improved power quality buck boost converter for SMPSIJECEIAES
In this paper, a Neural Network (NN) controlled Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) based Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for a PC application is proposed. The proposed BBC is analyzed, modeled and designed for the rated load. Generally, the utilization of Multiple Output SMPS (MOSMPS) for PC application introduces Power Quality (PQ) issues in the power system network. Unlike conventional SMPS the proposed NN controlled BBC can accomplish improvement of power quality. The NN controller reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current below 5%, maintains input side Power Factor (PF) to be nearly unity and improves the output voltage regulation. In the proposed system, NN controller replaces the conventional PI controller and overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional system. The proposed BBC is validated adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation analysis validate that the proposed NN controlled BBC performs better than conventional converter in terms of PQ indices under fluctuating conditions.
Review of Integrated Power Factor Correction (PFC) Boost converter topologies...IJARBEST JOURNAL
This paper provides a review of various Power Factor Correction (PFC) boost
converter topologies suitable for telecoms. A novel integrated PFC topology is proposed which acts
as a backup power supply for telecommunication systems. The advantage of the proposed circuit is
that it operates based on soft switching principle thereby reducing the switching losses in the
converter. The topologies analyzed in this paper are conventional average current mode control
boost PFC, bridgeless boost PFC, semi-bridgeless boost PFC, totem-pole bridgeless boost PFC and
proposed integrated boost PFC. All these topology studies are investigated by carrying out the
simulation of the converter circuits using PSIM software. A detailed comparison of all the
topologies have been done and they are compared in terms of supply power factor, supply current
THD and displacement factor. From the results, it is inferred that the proposed integrated PFC
provides a reduced supply current THD and improved power factor. The results are validated.
A Modern Technique of Deduction in Leakage Current in Resonant Bi-directional...IJMTST Journal
This Paper Presents A whole New resonant twin active bridge(DAB) topology, that uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor(LCL) network. As compared to ancient DAB topologies, the planned topologies significantly reduced the bridge current, lowering every physical phenomenon and alter losses and conjointly VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model at a lower place varied operational conditions. Experiment results of a model is reduced the outflow current of the circuit. are presented with discussion to demonstrate the improved performance of the LCL DAB topology. Result clearly that the planned DAB Topology provide higher efficiency over an oversized vary of every input voltage and as compared to ancient DAB topology
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A Five – Level Integrated AC – DC ConverterIJTET Journal
This paper presents the implementation of a new five – level integrated AC – DC converter with high input power factor and reduced input current harmonics complied with IEC1000-3-2 harmonic standards for electrical equipments. The proposed topology is a combination of boost input power factor pre – regulator and five – level DC – DC converter. The single – stage PFC (SSPFC) approach used in this topology is an alternative solution to low – power and cost – effective applications.
This paper presents the optimization of PFC Cuk converter parameter design for the minimization of THD and voltage ripple. In this study, the PFC Cuk converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in order to achieve almost unity power factor. The passive components, i.e., inductor and capacitor are designed based on switching frequency and resonant frequency. Nevertheless, the ranges of duty cycle for buck and boost operations are 0<D<0.5 and 0.5<D<1, respectively for the output voltage variation of the converter. The principle of the parameters design optimization is based on the balancing energy compensation between the input capacitor and output inductor for minimization of THD current. In addition, the selection of high output capacitance will minimize the output voltage ripple significantly. A 65 W PFC Cuk converter prototype is developed and experimentally tested to confirm the parameters design optimization principle. The experimental results show that the THD current is reduced to 4.5% from 61.3% and the output voltage ripple is reduced to 7 V from 18 V after parameters optimization are realized. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the output voltage ripple frequency is always double of the input line frequency, 50 Hz and the output voltage ripple is always lower than the maximum input voltage ripple.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
Design and implementation of Closed Loop Control of Three Phase Interleaved P...IJMTST Journal
A single-phase, three-level, single-stage power-factor corrected AC/DC converter operated under closed
loop manner is presented. That operates with a single controller to regulate the output voltage and the input
inductor act as a boost inductor to have a single stage power factor correction with good output response. The
paper deals with a new single stage three level ac-dc converter which performs both power factor correction
and voltage regulation in a single stage. The proposed converter has two separate controllers, one for power
factor correction and the other for regulating the output voltage. A comprehensive review of the existing single
stage topologies has been carried out. Then the operating principle, control scheme and the design of the new
converter are presented. The proposed converter is having an input power factor close to unity and better
voltage regulation compared to the conventional ac-dc converter topologies. Proposed topology is evaluated
through Matlab/Simulink platform and simulation results are conferred.
Now day’s the power factor has become a major problem in power system to improve the power quality of the grid, as power factor is affected on the grid due to the nonlinear loads connected to it. Single phase bridgeless AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) topology to improve the power factor as well as the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the utility grid is proposed. By removing the input bridge in conventional PFC converters, the control circuit is simplified; the total harmonics distortion (THD) and power factor (PF) are improved. The PI controller operates in two loops one is the outer control loop which calculates the reference current through LC filter and signal processing. Inner current loop generates PWM switching signals through the PI controller. The output of the proposed PFC topology is verified for prototype using MATLAB circuit simulations. The experimental system is developed, and the simulation results are obtained.
A Novel Approach of Position Estimation and Power Factor Corrector Converter ...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a Power factor Corrected (PFC) Bridgeless Buck-Boost converter fed BLDC motor drive. The Bridgeless configuration eliminates the Diode Bridge Rectifier in order to reduce the number of components and the conduction loss. The position sensors used in BLDC drives have drawbacks of additional cost, mechanical alignment problems. These bottle necks results in sensorless technique. The Sensorless technique mostly relies on measurement of Back EMF to determine relative positions of stator and rotor for the correct coil energising sequence can be implemented. This paper introduces the offline Finite Element method for sensorless operation. The proposed sensorless scheme estimates the motor position at standstill and running condition. The obtained Power Factor is within the acceptable limits IEC 61000-3-2. The proposed drive is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink the obtained results are validated experimentally on a developed prototype of the drive.
A Novel Power Factor Correction Modified Bridge Less-CUK Converter for LED La...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent decades, several research works have been focused on the efficient Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter design in to meet the power supply efficiency. Conventional PFC cuk converter widely uses the full bridge rectifier which had resulted in overall increase of converter losses and inefficiency. This paper is intended to develop a novel PFC Bridgeless cuk converter for LED lamp applications. In this work, the limitations of the conventional PFC Cuk converter are resolved. The major contributions of the proposed work include the minimization in the number of conduction devices and minimization of the power utility devices which in turn resulted in minimal losses and better efficiency. Moreover, the proposed converter works in DCM which requires only one voltage sensor which results in reduced cost. The proposed Modified BL Cuk converter (MBL-CUK) for LED lamp is simulated in MATLAB and the corresponding results show the better power quality indices such as power factor and Total Harmonic Distortion.
Average current control of DC-DC Cuk Converters as Power Factor CorrectorIJERA Editor
The era of electronic devices in all loads due to the manufacturing technologies replaced many conventional electrical or mechanical loads including lighting loads where Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is becoming an emerging technique with many advantages. High frequency switching dc-dc converter is a new technology to control the load and the supply side simultaneously. Due to additional harmonics generated by these switching converters power factor correction has become a necessity in utility side. This paper focuses on the power factor correction of the supply side when employing an ideal LED load with dc-dc Cuk converter. This paper also illustrates the controlling of the power factor correction employing high switching frequency dc-dc converters. The control loops employed are discussed and the strategy for designing the compensator is also explained. The simulated results have been shown to ascertain the accepted performance of the power factor correction converter.
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...LeMeniz Infotech
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output voltage and improved conversion efficiency
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...LeMeniz Infotech
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output voltage and improved conversion efficiency
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Design of Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Low Voltage Dc ApplicationsIOSRJEEE
An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flying- capacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.
Bridgeless CUK Power Factor Corrector with Regulated Output Voltagepaperpublications3
Abstract:A single-phase, bridgeless Cuk AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) rectifier with regulated positive output voltage is proposed in this work. For low output voltage product applications, the rectifier is designed to convert high input voltage to low output voltage. This work presents bridgeless single-phase AC-DC power factor correction (PFC) rectifier based on Cuk topology. The topology does not possess input diode bridge and have only single semiconductor switches in the current owing path during each interval of the switching cycle, which resulting in less conduction losses and better thermal management. This topology is designed to work in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The advantages of Cuk converter are also available when bridgeless circuit topology is introduced. The operation is symmetrical in two half-line cycles of input voltage. In conventional, output voltage varies according to input voltage. A closed loop control technique is designed to regulate the output voltage in the desired level. Performance and applicability of this converter is presented on the basis of simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Bridgeless CUK Power Factor Corrector with Regulated Output Voltage
Mi2420432050
1. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
Simulation Of High-Efficiency AC/DC Converter For Power
Factor Correction
Santosh A and Shivashankar Tallada
Abstract
This paper presents a novel input current Harmonics drawn by the off-line equipment, several
shaper based on a quasi-active power factor international regulations, such as the IEC 61000-3-2
correction (PFC) scheme. The PFC cell is formed and its corresponding Japanese regulation, have been
by connecting the energy buffer (LB) and an proposed and just enforced.
auxiliary winding (L3 ) coupled to the transformer To comply with the line harmonics
of the dc/dc cell, between the input rectifier and standards, a variety of passive and active PFC
the low-frequency filter capacitor used in techniques have been proposed. The passive
conventional power converter. Since the dc/dc cell techniques normally use a simple line-
is operated at high frequency, the auxiliary frequency LC filter to both extend the current
winding produces a high frequency pulsating conduction angle and reduce the THD of the input
source such that the input current conduction current of the diode-capacitor rectifier. Due to its
angle is significantly lengthened and the input simplicity, the passive LC filter could be the high-
current harmonics is reduced. The input inductor efficiency and low-cost PFC solution to meet the IEC
LB operates in discontinuous current mode such 61000-3-2 class D specifications in the low power
that a lower total harmonic distortion of the input range. However, the passive LC filter has a major
current can be achieved. It eliminates the use of drawback, which is its heavy and bulky low-
active switch and control circuit for PFC, which frequency filter inductor.
results in lower cost and higher efficiency.
Operating principles, analysis, and experimental
results of the proposed method are presented.
Keywords---AC/DC converters, power factor
correction (PFC), single stage, Flyback converter.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fig.1. Circuit diagram of the conventional diode-
Most electronic equipment is supplied by
capacitor rectifier
50/60 Hz utility power, and more than 50% of power
is processed through some kind of power converters.
To reduce the size and weight of the filter
Conventionally, most of the power conversion
inductor, the active PFC techniques have been
equipment employs either diode rectifier or thyristor
introduced. In an active PFC converter, the filter
rectifier with a bulk capacitor to converter AC
inductor “sees” the switching frequency, which is
voltage to DC voltage before processing it. Such
normally in the 10 kHz to hundreds of kHz range.
rectifiers produce input current with rich harmonic
Therefore, the size and weight of the power converter
content, which pollute the power system and the
can be significantly reduced by using a high-
utility lines. Power quality is becoming a major
frequency inductor. The cost of the active PFC
concern for many electrical users.
approach can also be lower than that of the passive
To measure the quality of input power of
filter approach if the conversion power increases. The
electrical equipment, power factor is a widely used
most popular implementation of active PFC is to
term. The power factor of an off-line equipment is
insert a PFC power stage into the existing equipment
defined as the product of two components: the
to satisfy the regulation. This is referred as the two-
displacement factor cosϕ, which is caused by the
stage PFC approach. However, the converter cost and
phase difference between the fundamental component
complexity increases with the increased component
of the input current and the sinusoidal input voltage,
count.
and the distortion factor, which can be presented by
the total-harmonic-distortion (THD) of the input
current. In fact, the greatest concern of the off-line
rectifier’s impact on the power system is not the
displacement between the voltage and current, but the
input current distortion and current harmonics, since
they pollute the power system and causes interference
among off-line utilities. To limit the input current Fig.2.Functional block diagram of two stage
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2. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
The two-stage scheme results in high power factor scheme is especially attractive in low cost and low
and fast response output voltage by using two power applications due to its simplified power stage
independent controllers and optimized power stages. and control circuit, major issues still exist, such as
The main drawbacks of this scheme are its relatively low efficiency and high as well as wide-range
higher cost and larger size resulted from its intermediate dc bus voltage stress .
complicated power stage topology and control To solve the input current harmonics
circuits, particularly in low power applications. In problem in a single-stage, the “dither-rectifier”
order to reduce the cost, the single-stage approach, concept was introduced with the conceptual Single
which integrates the PFC stage with a dc/dc converter Stage PFC structure in Fig. 3, in which, a high
into one stage, is developed. These integrated single- frequency “dither source” is between the input boost
stage power factor correction (PFC) converters - inductor LB and the bulk energy-storage capacitor CB.
usually use a boost converter to achieve PFC with As shown in Fig. 3, the dither source introduces high-
discontinuous current mode (DCM) operation. frequency pulsating voltage on LB during line cycle;
Usually, the DCM operation gives a lower total therefore, the rectifier diode can conduct current even
harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current while the instantaneous input line voltage is much
compared to the continuous current mode (CCM). lower than the capacitor voltage VB. As a result, the
However, the CCM operation yields slightly higher input current conduction angle is significantly
efficiency compared to the DCM operation. enlarged and the input current harmonics are reduced.
However, the harmonic content can meet the
regulatory standard by a small margin and also the
“dither” concept does not specify the switch duty-
cycle to be constant.
In this, a new concept of quasi-active PFC is
proposed to improve the efficiency of a single-stage
converter by preventing the input current or voltage
Fig.3. General Circuit diagram of single stage stress due the PFC cell from being added to the active
conversion. switch. In this circuit, the dc/dc cell operates in DCM
so that a series of discontinuous pulses is used to
Generally, single-stage PFC converters meet shape the input inductor current and the PFC is
the regulatory requirements regarding the input achieved. As the circuit uses resonance of circuit
current harmonics, but they do not improve the power parameters to achieve PFC, the control of the power
factor and reduce the THD as much as their factor will be very sensitive to the variation of
conventional two-stage counterpart. The power factor components values.
could be as low as 0.8, however, they still meet the
regulation. In addition, although the single-stage
II. PROPOSED QUASI-ACTIVE PFC CIRCUIT
Fig.4.Proposed single stage PFC circuit diagram current power load, such as flyback converter. The
flyback transformer (T) has three windings N1,N2 ,
The proposed quasi-active PFC circuit is and N3 . The secondary winding N2 = 1 is
analyzed in this section. As shown in Fig. 4, the assumed. In the proposed PFC scheme, the dc/dc
circuit comprised of a bridge rectifier, a boost converter section offers a driving power with high-
inductor LB , a bulk capacitor Ca in series with the frequency pulsating source. The quasi active PFC
auxiliary windings L3 , an intermediate dc-bus cell can be considered one power stage but without
voltage capacitor CB , and a discontinuous input an active switch.
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3. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
To simplify the analysis, the following assumptions transformer is assumed ideal, based on Ampere’s
have been made. law, it has
1) All semiconductors components are ideal.
According to this assumption, the primary switch
and the rectifiers do not have parasitic capacitances Where i2 = 0 at this stage therefore,
and represent ideal short and open circuits in their
ON and OFF states, respectively.
2) The power transformer does not have the (3)
leakage inductances because of the ideal coupling. Thus
3) All the capacitors are high enough so that the
voltage across them is considered constant.
4) Finally, the input voltage of the converter is (4)
considered constant during a switching cycle
because the switching frequency is much higher
than the line frequency.
A. Principles of Operation of the Proposed
Circuit
To facilitate the analysis of operation, Fig.
5(a) and (b) shows the topological stages and the
key waveforms of the proposed circuit. It is
assumed that both the input inductor LB and the
magnetizing inductance of the flyback converter
operate in DCM. Therefore, currents iLB , im, and i2
are zero at the beginning of each switching period.
It is also assumed that the average capacitor voltage
VCa is greater than the average rectified input
voltage |vin |. To ensure proper operation of the
converter, the transformer’s turns ratio should be
(N1/N3 ) ≥ 2 and the boost inductor LB < Lm. In
steady-state operation, the topology can be divided
into four operating stages.
Fig. 5. (a) Key switching waveforms of the
1) Stage 1 (to − t1 ): When the switch (SW) is proposed PFC.
turned on at t = to , diodes D1 and Do are OFF,
therefore, the dc-bus voltage VCB is applied to the
magnetizing inductor Lm, which causes the
magnetizing current to linearly increases. This
current can be expressed as
(1)
And since diode D1 is OFF, the input
inductor LB is charged by input voltage, therefore,
the inductor current iLB is linearly increased from
zero since it is assumed that the PFC cell operates
in DCM. This current can be expressed as
(2)
Where, Vin = Vm| sin θ| is the rectified
input voltage, (to − t1) = dTS is the ON-time of the
switch (SW), LB is the boost inductor and N1 , N3
are the primary and auxiliary turns ratio,
respectively. At this stage, iLB = −i3 and the
capacitor Ca is in the charging mode. On the other
hand, Do is reversed biased and there is no current Fig. 5. (b) Equivalent circuit operation stages of the
flow through the secondary winding. Since the proposed PFC circuit during one switching period
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4. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
Therefore, from (4) it can be seen that the B. Steady-State Analysis
magnetizing current im is supplied by the The voltage conversion ratio of the
discharging current from the dc bus capacitor CB proposed converter can be estimated from the volt-
and the current i3 which is equal to input current iLB second balance on the inductors and the input–
at this stage. The current through the main switch output power balance as explained in the following.
(SW) is given by From the volt-second balance on LB
(9)
(5)
Where d1 is the OFF-time of the switch (SW).
Therefore, the current stress of the switch
Therefore, d1 could be given by
can be reduced by selecting the turns ratio (N3/N1
), which is designed to be less than 1 to ensure
proper operation of the transformer. Compared to (10)
the single-stage BIFRED converter, the switch From Fig. 4(a), the average current of the boost
current is given by inductor in a switching cycle is given by
(6)
Obviously, the proposed circuit has less (11)
Substituting for iLB,peak given in (2) and using
switch current stress, therefore, the conduction loss
(10), the average input current is given by
and switching losses are reduced, and the efficiency
is improved correspondingly. This stage ends when
the switch is turned off at t = t1 .
2) Stage 2 (t1 − t2 ): When the switch is turned OFF
at t = t1 , output diode Do begins to be forward (12)
biased. Therefore, the energy stored in the
transformer magnetizing inductor is delivered to Based on (12) for a given input voltage,
the load through the secondary winding. Similarly, Fig. 6(a) shows the normalized input current
the diode D1 is also forward biased and the voltage waveform in a half cycle for a change in the turns
across LB now Vin − VCB. Therefore, the current ILB ratio N3/N1. It can be seen that to reduce the dead
is linearly decreased to zero at t = t2 (DCM time and improve the power factor of the input
operation), and the energy stored in LB is delivered current the turn’s ratio must be ≥0.5. Similarly, Fig.
to the dc bus capacitor CB . Therefore 6(b) shows the normalized input current waveform
for a change in dc bus capacitor voltage VCB. As it
can be seen that the higher the VCB the better
quality of the input current waveform (lower
(7)
THD). However, higher VCB means higher voltage
The capacitor (Ca ) is also discharging its
stress on the power switch (SW), which can reduce
energy to the dc bus capacitor CB and the current i3
the efficiency of the converter. Therefore, a
reverse its direction. Therefore, the capacitor
tradeoff between THD and efficiency must be
current is given by
made. The energy absorbed by the circuit from the
source during a half switching cycle is given by
(8)
3) Stage 3 (t2 − t3 ): At this stage, the input inductor
current iLB reaches zero and the capacitor Ca
continues to discharge its energy to the dc bus
capacitor CB . Therefore, iD1 = iCB = i3 . At t = t3 ,
the magnetizing inductor releases all its energy to Substitution for Iin in given (12) yields
the load and the currents im and i2 reach to zero
level because a DCM operation is assumed.
4) Stage 4 (t3 − t4 ): This stage starts when the
currents im and i2 reach to zero. Diode D1 still (13)
forward biased, therefore, the capacitor Ca still Where
releasing its energy to the dc bus capacitor CB .
This stage ends when the capacitor Ca is completely
discharged and current i3 reaches zero. At t = t5, the
switch is turned on again to repeat the switching
cycle.
2046 | P a g e
5. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
Fig. 6. Normalized input current waveform in half cycle for a change in (a) turns ratio N3/N1 and (b) bus
capacitor voltage VCB
The average output power for a DCM flyback
converter is given by
(15)
Equation (15) shows that the dc bus capacitor is
(14) independent of load variation; VCB is determined by
the input voltage and circuit parameters
Assume 100% efficiency, Pin = Po , yields Lm/LB,N3/N1 . Note that, (15) is transcendental and
can only be solved by numerical method using
specific circuit parameters.
III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
Fig. 7. Simulation of proposed circuit
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6. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
In order to verify the proposed concept, a Fig. 9 shows the measured harmonic content of the
prototype of the converter shown in Fig. 4 was input current compared to the Classes A and D
constructed as fig 7 by using MATLAB Simulation regulation standards. Note that, in order to improve
and experimentally tested. To ensure proper the visibility of the higher order harmonics, class A
operation of the converter, the dc bus voltage limits are scaled down by a factor of 5 (class A
(VCB) must be higher than the input voltage, such limits/5). The measured THD = 7% and the power
that the diode D1 is OFF and the inductor LB stores factor is 0.997. Obviously, the input current is
energy when the switch (SW) is ON. Therefore, much closer to the sinusoidal waveform and it
from (15) the inductor Lm must be higher than the meets the regulation standards. Fig. 10 shows the
input inductor LB. The DCM fly back converter was transient response of the converter for a step
designed and implemented for 50 V/80 W output, change of load between 50% and 100%. It may be
Vin,rms (100–240 V) universal line voltage, and seen that a fast dynamic response has been
overall efficiency of 86% is assumed. The obtained.
switching frequency is selected to be 100 kHz and
the maximum duty cycle of is 0.45. The major
components of the circuit are follows: transformer
turns ratio (N1 = 30,N2 = 10,N3 = 15) with core
ETD34, Lm = 200 μH, LB = 80 μH, CB = 47 μF, Ca
= 22 μF, Co = 470 μF, the switch SW (SPW22N60),
the bridge rectifier and diodes D1,Do using
MUR1560. Fig. 8 shows the measured input
voltage and filtered input current waveforms for a
100 Vac input voltage at full load. As it may be seen
from Figs. 6 (a),(b) and 8, that selecting the turns
ratio N3/N1 and the dc bus voltage VCB can be
optimized in order to reduce the dead time and
improve the quality of the input current.
Fig. 10. The transient response of the converter for
a step change of load between 50% and 100%.
Fig. 8. Measured input voltage and filtered input
current at full load (THD = 8.2%).
Fig. 11. Measured dc bus capacitor voltage and
Fig. 9.Measured harmonics content of the input efficiency versus load power for a range of input
current. voltage.
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7. Santosh A, Shivashankar Tallada / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2043-2050
Fig. 11 shows the measured dc bus voltage VCB and between conventional single-stage boost-flyback
efficiency of the converter for range of load and converter and the proposed converter in terms of
input voltage variation. It may be seen that the circuit construction and performance. It may be
capacitor voltage can be maintained below 450 V seen, that the proposed converter presents a high
by properly designing the turns ratio N3/N1 and the quality input current with THD <10% and high
inductors ratio Lm/LB. efficiency. However, the proposed converter has
Furthermore, the proposed converter can additional winding N3 in series with capacitor (Ca
maintains 90% efficiency or above at high load. ), but they are small in size since N3 operate at the
Finally, Table I summarizes the comparison converter switching frequency.
TABLE I :
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CONVENTIONAL BOOST + FLYBACK AND THE PROPOSED PFC
CIRCUIT
[2] R. Redle, L. Balogh, and N. O. Sokal, “A
IV. CONCLUSIONS new family of single-stage isolated power
factor correctors with fast regulation of the
The proposed method shapes the input
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current based on a quasi-active power factor
1994 Conf., pp. 1137–1144.
correction (PFC) scheme. In this method, high
[3] C. Qian and K. Smedley, “A topology
power factor and low harmonic content are
survey of single-stage power factor with a
achieved by providing an auxiliary PFC circuit
boost type input-current-shaper,” IEEE
with a driving voltage which is derived from a third
Trans. Power Electron., vol. 16, no. 3, pp.
winding of the transformer of a cascaded dc/dc
360–368, May 2001.
flyback converter. It eliminates the use of active
[4] T.-F. Wu, T.-H. Yu, and Y.-C. Liu, “An
switch and control circuit for PFC. The auxiliary
alternative approach to synthesizing
winding provides a controlled voltage-boost
single-stage converters with power factor
function for bulk capacitor without inducing a dead
correction feature,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
angle in the line current. The input inductor can
Electron., vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 734–748,
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Aug. 1999.
power factor. By properly designing the converter
[5] L. Huber, J. Zhang, M. Jovanovic, and
components, a tradeoff between efficiency and
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