1. METHODOLOGY FOR RESEARCH PAPER WRITING
(Step by step guide for writing a scientific paper for university students)
Methodology is a substantial and a depth study of the different method of learning and
studying.
Scientific Paper:
1. Contents – on the first page page 00
2. List of Illustration – on the following page page 00
3. Preface (Prologue) – on the following page page 00
4. List of Abbreviations – on the following page page 00
5. Introduction – on the following page page 00
Chapter-1 Specialization and scientific paper page 00-00
1.1 Specialization and Research
1.1.1 Need for Specialization
1.1.2 Specialization and research
1.1.3 Manual to help one to prepare a paper
a. Choose a subject matter
b. Develop one outline about the subject referring to the study
c. Prepare a working Bibliography
d. Take down the notes
e. Write the paper from one’s outline
f. Annotate the footnotes.
1.1.4 Manual to help one to present the paper
1.2 Type of Research paper
1.2.1 Report
1.2.2 Solution to a problem
1.2.3 Synopsis
1.2.4 Thesis
1.2.5 Antithesis (this point is optional, may be removed)
1.3 What is a scientific paper
1.3.1 Definition: A scientific paper is an exposition, brief or detailed of a topic in a scientific
way, i.e. in an internationally accepted manner.
1.3.2 Qualities of Scientific Paper
1.3.2.1 Direct Study, Originality
1.3.2.2 Objectivity (General Idea)
1.3.2.3 A paper should be more restrictive, Unified, Precise
1.3.2.4 Accurate, Clear, Concise, Neat, Well-organized
1.3.2.5 Well-documented with the footnotes and quotations

2. 1.3.3 Disposition of a Researcher (Mental status of a researcher)
1.3.3.1 He should have love for the truth and submission to truth.
1.3.3.2 Honesty in expression
1.3.3.3 Steady mind, self-confidence, courage.
1.4 Steps to prepare the Scientific Paper
1.4.1 The choice of the subject
1.4.2 Prepatory and critical reading
1.4.3 Preparation of a working Bibliography
(Only for the systematic preparation of the paper)
1.4.4 Outline preparation and presentation of the text.
Chapter-2 Choice of Subject and its conditions page 00-00
2.1 Conditions for the choice of subject
2.1.1 Subject within a certain area and in line with the basic purpose.
2.1.2 A subject must be of interest, experience and competence.
2.1.3 Subject of practical value and clarity.
2.1.4 Subject within one’s limitations.
Chapter-3 Preparation of Bibliography and Outline page 00-00
3.1 Kinds of contents of bibliography.
3.1.1 Kinds of bibliography.
3.1.1.1 Working bibliography.
3.1.1.2 Final bibliography.
3.1.2 Contents of bibliography.
3.1.2.1 Author Statement
Author name – Surname – Name (ed.) (trans.) (compl.)
3.1.2.2 Title Statement
Title of the Book/Paper (Underlined), Sub-title, Vol.No., Edition No.
3.1.2.3 Publication Statement
Place of Publication, Publisher’s Name,
Date of Publication
3.1.2.4 Call No.
1 for One Author
Adam, John: The students Guide, London, The English Book Society, 1964.
2 for Two Authors
Ashley, Eric and Marry Anderson: ‘The Parades’, Cambridge, Oxford University, 1970.
3 for Many Authors
Powell, John, et al: Name of the Book, -----------------------, ------------, -----------, 1984.

3. Chapter-4 Punctuations in writing page 00-00
4.1 Apostrophe ( ‘ )
- To indicate the possessive case of nouns, pronouns, wherein apostrophe is
followed by ( ‘ ).
- To indicate contradictions and omissions of letters or figures. (I’m, Can’t,
Winter of ’98)
4.2 Colon ( : )
- To indicate a formal introduction (‘as follows’, ‘the following’, ‘the like’)
- To introduce a block quotations or in the place of a comma before long
quotations (Jesus said: “Blesses are those who are humble in their heart……. will
receive me.”)
4.3 Comma ( , )
4.4 Dash ( - )
- Abrupt break in throught, and to stress a word or phrase at the end of a
sentence. (The aptitude – ability)
- To mark a sudden break in connectivity of thought. (The explanative - if one can
call it - is illegal.)
4.5 Ellipsis ( ... ) (use only three dots)
4.6 Exclamation Mark ( ! )
4.7 Full Stop ( . )
4.8 Parenthesis { ( ) } – bracket
4.9 Question Mark ( ? )
Chapter-5 Conclusion page 00-00
5.1 Conclusion –
- Written by the scholar/researcher himself. Conclusion must not be very wide
and lengthy. It must be brief and bring out the very purpose and interests of
how you could bring out the thoughts in the paper.
- It must be an essence of your paper.
5.2 Glossary
- Explanation of technical, scientific and administrative words used in paper.
- Written in alphabetical form.
5.3 Bibliography
- List here all the books and references and other resources that were used for
the preparation of your scientific paper.
(This introductory note for writing a research or scientific paper is compiled by Vijay Kumar Ratre, Mumbai)