Details of Metals and Non metals, Science, Metallurgy related Subjected.

1. Metals & Non
Metals
Name:- S.Gafoor.
Jr. Metallurgy Engg

2. Index
1. Introduction
2. Occurrence of metals and non
metals
3. Physical properties metals and non
metals
4. Application of metals and non metals
5. Corrosion

3. Introduction
Metals:-
chemical element displaying certain properties by which it is normally
distinguished from a non metal, its metallic luster, the capacity to lose electrons
and form a positive ion, and the ability to conduct heat and electricity.
The metals comprise about two thirds of the known elements (see periodic table).
Some metals, including copper, tin, iron, lead, gold, silver, and mercury, were
known to the ancients; copper is probably the oldest known metal.
Metals are also known as Ferrous.
Non Metals:-
Non-metals are those which lack all the metallic attributes. Non-metals are good
insulators of heat and electricity. Non-metals are mostly gases and sometimes
liquid. Some non-metals are even solid at room temperature like, Carbon, sulfur
and phosphorus. Non metals are also known as Non Ferrous.

4. 2. Occurrence of metals and non metals :-
 Out of the 92 naturally occuring elements 70 are
metals and about 22 are nonmetals. Some elements
show properties of both metals and non metals.
They are called metalloids.
 Only some metals like gold, silver, platinum etc are
found in the free state. Most metals are found in the
combined states as oxides, sulphides, carbonates,
silicates etc.
 Some non metals are found in the free state like
helium, neon, argon etc. and some are found in free
and combined states like Sulphur, phosphorus etc.

5. 3. Physical properties of metals :-
a. Metals have luster. This means they are
Shiny.
b. Metals are hard (except sodium, potassium
etc.
c. The physical properties of metals include
shininess, malleability, ductility, and
conductivity.
d. Metals can be drawn into wire.
e. Metals have high melting points and boiling
points.
f. Most metals are good conductors of heat
and Electricity.
g. In addition, a few metals are magnetic in
nature.

6. Physical properties of non metals :-
a. Nonmetals do not have luster, they
are dull.
b. Non metals which are solids are
brittle (diamond is the hardest).
c. Non metals have low density.
d. Non metals have low melting
points.
e. They also have a low melting point.
This is why they are poor
conductors of heat and electricity.
f. Non metals are bad conductors of
heat and electricity (except
graphite).

7. 4. Application of metals :-
Metals Non metals
a. Iron :- is used for making pins, nails, nuts,
bolts, tools, machines, construction of
buildings, bridges etc.
b. Aluminum :- is used for making utensils,
wires, furniture, parts of aircrafts,
vehicles, machines, for packing food and
medicines etc.
c. Copper :- is used for making wires,
vessels, electric gadgets etc.
d. Gold :- is used for making Jewellery, coins
medals etc.
e. Silver :- is used for making Jewellery.
Coins, medals etc.
f. Platinum :- is used for making Jewellery,
electric gadgets, plugs in vehicles etc.
g. Sodium :- compounds are used as
common salt, chemicals etc.
h. Calcium :- compounds are used
for making cement, glass etc.
a. Sulphur :- is used for making sulphuric
acid, salts of metals etc.
b. Oxygen :- is used for respiration by living
things, burning of fuels etc.
c. Nitrogen :- is used for making ammonia
which is used for making fertilizers.
d. Hydrogen :- is used for making ammonia
which is used for making fertilizers, as
fuel in rockets, for welding etc.
e. Chlorine :- is used to kill germs in water.
f. Iodine :- is used as tincture iodine which
is an antiseptic.

8. 5. Corrosion :-
The surface of some metals gets corroded when exposed
to moist air for a long time. This is called corrosion.
Prevention of corrosion of metals :-
The corrosion of metals can be prevented by:-
i) Applying oil or grease.
ii) Applying paint
iii) Galvanization ( coating of metals with non corrosive
metals like zinc)
iv) Electroplating ( coating of metals with non corrosive
metals like chromium tin by passing
electricity)
v) Alloying ( Eg. When iron is alloyed with chromium
and nickel, it forms stainless steel which
is resistant to corrosion)