Message Hiding
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This document discusses various cryptographic techniques including substitution and transposition ciphers. It explains the basic concepts of cryptography, cryptanalysis and cryptology. Specifically it covers Caesar's cipher and Vigenere cipher as substitution techniques as well as rail fence cipher and columnar transposition as transposition techniques. The document also provides examples to illustrate how different ciphers work and concludes that cryptography is an important achievement that allows for secure communication.
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This document discusses the history of encryption and cryptography. It covers early techniques like steganography and transposition ciphers where plaintext is rearranged. The Caesar and Vigenere ciphers are also explained, where letters are shifted or substituted according to a key. Modern encryption methods are then outlined, including public key infrastructure (PKI) which allows two parties to authenticate each other using digital signatures and public/private key pairs. The document traces encryption techniques over centuries and how they evolved with technological advances to the widespread use of encryption today to secure internet communications and banking.
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In this ppt the basic introduction, history,shift cipher method, cipher disk, permutation method and some application of cryptography is included.
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Introduction to Cryptography
If you are implementing a secure environment and you do not implement encryption you
will not have a secure environment. You can implement routers, firewalls, intrusion
detection, virus protection, policies and procedures, but if there is no encryption you will
not have a secure environment.
Encryption is fundamental to a secure information environment. Passing data around a
system and over the network in a clear text form is very insecure. Systems and
communication lines can be monitored by unscrupulous individuals who make valuable
information vulnerable to viewing or modification. Encryption in a secure information
infrastructure is implemented at various levels in the architecture and in various
components. This is consistent with the idea of security in depth. Encryption technologies
are included as part of many products; applications, operating systems, network devices.
How (and if) the encryption technology is used is dependent on the organization and its
users.
Cryptography is the science of disguising messages. Disguising a readable message is
called encryption. Translating the disguised message back to a readable form is called
decryption.
Encryption has been used for centuries to disguise messages from adversaries. The
Romans used encryption in their military operations to protect sensitive messages. The
Germans during World War 2 used the enigma machine to encrypt messages about
military secrets so the allies would not be aware of strategy and tactics.
Nowadays in addition to protecting government secrets there are many uses for
encryption technology in commercial applications. The need to protect medical, financial
records or company trade secrets are a few of the areas that encryption is used.
Terminology
Cryptography is a field loaded with terminology, acronyms and concepts. Many of the
concepts are rooted in mathematics and computer science. Following are some common
terms you should become familiar with for understanding encryption.
Cryptosystem – A cryptosystem encrypts and decrypts messages allowing only
people (or processes) that possess the correct keys to read the messages.
Cryptography – The science of designing, developing and using cryptosystems.
Cryptanalysis – The science of breaking a cryptosystem, so that the content of
messages is no longer hidden.
Cryptology – The study of cryptography and cryptanalysis.
Cipher – another term used to describe an encryption or decryption algorithm.
Types of Encryption Technology
There are several technologies, tools and techniques we will be discussing that fall under
the category of encryption.
Encryption algorithms fall into two broad categories; symmetric and asymmetric
encryption. Let’s first look at the components that make up a symmetric encryption
system or symmetric crypt.
Topic1 substitution transposition-techniques
This document discusses substitution and transposition encryption techniques. Substitution techniques replace plaintext characters with other characters, numbers, or symbols, changing character identity but not position. Transposition techniques rearrange the character positions in the plaintext, changing character position but not identity. Examples of substitution techniques include the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, Playfair cipher, and Vigenère cipher. Transposition techniques examples are the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher.
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This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the art of protecting information by encrypting it into an unreadable format called ciphertext that can only be decrypted by those with the secret key. The document discusses the different types of cryptography including symmetric key cryptography, asymmetric key cryptography, classical cryptography and modern cryptography. It explains how symmetric key cryptography works using a shared secret key for both encryption and decryption. The document also provides examples of different cipher techniques like substitution ciphers. It notes that the project will use symmetric key cryptography and explains some key cryptography concepts like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption and decryption. Finally, it discusses how Matlab will be used to simulate the cryptography process.
Cryptography - Overview
Cryptography is the science of secure and hidden communication. It has two main components - encryption and authentication & integrity. Encryption involves hiding messages so that only the intended recipient can read them, while authentication & integrity ensures users are who they claim to be and messages are not altered. Popular symmetric encryption algorithms like DES and AES use the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric algorithms like RSA use different public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt. Cryptanalysis involves analyzing and attempting to break encryption methods.
Caesar cipher
Our team worked on a Cryptography project. Our project was designed to convert a normal message or text to private and secure cipher text to maintain confidentiality and security in both corporate and national security. Here the plain text is converted into cipher text through a web platform where the user submits the confidential plain text and get the cipher text for the corresponding plain text.
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- IPSec aims to secure IP communications by providing authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. It operates in transport and tunnel modes.
- The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) negotiates and establishes security associations to secure communications between two endpoints.
- IPSec policy defines which encryption, hashing, and authentication methods apply to different network traffic using protection suites and proposals.
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IP Security (IPSec) provides authentication and confidentiality for IP packets. It uses security associations to define how packets are processed and secured. IPSec supports two main modes - transport mode for host-to-host traffic and tunnel mode for gateway-to-gateway VPNs. It uses the Authentication Header (AH) or Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) to authenticate packets and optionally provide confidentiality through encryption. However, IPSec faces challenges working through Network Address Translation devices which are common on the Internet.
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This document provides an overview of IP security (IPSec). It begins by explaining the need for IPSec due to the lack of security in standard Internet protocols. It then covers the basic architecture and components of IPSec, including authentication headers, encapsulating security payloads, and how security associations combine these elements. The document also discusses key management and provides examples of how IPSec can be implemented in transport and tunnel modes. In under 3 sentences, this document provides an introduction to IPSec, outlines its main architectural components, and discusses how it establishes security associations to encrypt and authenticate network traffic.
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Image encryption and decryption
Encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and row exchange is used to encrypt images by converting the image matrix to an upper triangular matrix and generating a decryption key. The encrypted image matrix and key can then be multiplied to recover the original image matrix and decrypt the image. This algorithm allows for faster encryption time while still producing robust encryption to prevent unauthorized access to images.
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IPSec provides authentication, confidentiality, and key management. It uses Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) to provide integrity, authentication, and encryption for transport and tunnel mode. Combining security associations allows applying multiple protocols like AH followed by ESP. Oakley key exchange negotiates keys securely while addressing man-in-the-middle and clogging attacks.
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This document provides an introduction to cryptography. It discusses security goals like confidentiality and integrity. Cryptography is defined as transforming messages to make them secure. There are two main types: symmetric key cryptography where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric key cryptography where different public and private keys are used. Basic cryptography terms like cipher, ciphertext, encryption and decryption are also explained. Examples of cipher types like substitution and transposition ciphers are given. Applications of cryptography include defense, e-commerce, and data security.
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Abstract Cryptography is an art and science of converting original message into non readable form. There are two techniques for converting data into no readable form:1)Transposition technique 2)Substitution technique. Caesar cipher is an example of substitution method. As Caesar cipher has various limitations so this talk will present a perspective on combination of techniques substitution and transposition. In this paper I have focused on the well known classical techniques the aim was to induce some strength to these classical encryption for that purpose I blended classical encryption with the some more techniques. my proposed method showed that it is better in terms of providing more security to any given text message. In our experiments I took Caesaer Ciphers as representatives of Classical Techniques. To make it more secure I have used some techniques like I have used multiple level Row Transposition Ciphers, encryption with same key at each level and encryption with different key at each level. Keywords— substitution, transposition, cryptography, Caesar cipher
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This document presents an overview of cryptography including its definition, history, basic terms, classifications, techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Cryptography is defined as the art and science of achieving security by encoding messages. The earliest evidence of cryptography dates back 4000 years to ancient Egypt. Techniques covered include symmetric and asymmetric encryption, transposition ciphers, substitution ciphers, block ciphers, stream ciphers, hashing, and steganography. Advantages of cryptography include confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation, while disadvantages include reduced accessibility and inability to ensure high availability. Cryptography has applications in defense, e-commerce, business transactions, internet payments, user identification, and data security.
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A white paper introducing the basics of cryptography and the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Those just getting into the arena of cybersecurity or those just simply curious about the topic will likely learn something new.
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This document discusses the history of encryption and cryptography. It covers early techniques like steganography and transposition ciphers where plaintext is rearranged. The Caesar and Vigenere ciphers are also explained, where letters are shifted or substituted according to a key. Modern encryption methods are then outlined, including public key infrastructure (PKI) which allows two parties to authenticate each other using digital signatures and public/private key pairs. The document traces encryption techniques over centuries and how they evolved with technological advances to the widespread use of encryption today to secure internet communications and banking.
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In this ppt the basic introduction, history,shift cipher method, cipher disk, permutation method and some application of cryptography is included.
Introduction to Cryptography Week4 Part1-ISrevisionSu.docx
Introduction to Cryptography
Week4 Part1-ISrevisionSu2013
Introduction to Cryptography
If you are implementing a secure environment and you do not implement encryption you
will not have a secure environment. You can implement routers, firewalls, intrusion
detection, virus protection, policies and procedures, but if there is no encryption you will
not have a secure environment.
Encryption is fundamental to a secure information environment. Passing data around a
system and over the network in a clear text form is very insecure. Systems and
communication lines can be monitored by unscrupulous individuals who make valuable
information vulnerable to viewing or modification. Encryption in a secure information
infrastructure is implemented at various levels in the architecture and in various
components. This is consistent with the idea of security in depth. Encryption technologies
are included as part of many products; applications, operating systems, network devices.
How (and if) the encryption technology is used is dependent on the organization and its
users.
Cryptography is the science of disguising messages. Disguising a readable message is
called encryption. Translating the disguised message back to a readable form is called
decryption.
Encryption has been used for centuries to disguise messages from adversaries. The
Romans used encryption in their military operations to protect sensitive messages. The
Germans during World War 2 used the enigma machine to encrypt messages about
military secrets so the allies would not be aware of strategy and tactics.
Nowadays in addition to protecting government secrets there are many uses for
encryption technology in commercial applications. The need to protect medical, financial
records or company trade secrets are a few of the areas that encryption is used.
Terminology
Cryptography is a field loaded with terminology, acronyms and concepts. Many of the
concepts are rooted in mathematics and computer science. Following are some common
terms you should become familiar with for understanding encryption.
Cryptosystem – A cryptosystem encrypts and decrypts messages allowing only
people (or processes) that possess the correct keys to read the messages.
Cryptography – The science of designing, developing and using cryptosystems.
Cryptanalysis – The science of breaking a cryptosystem, so that the content of
messages is no longer hidden.
Cryptology – The study of cryptography and cryptanalysis.
Cipher – another term used to describe an encryption or decryption algorithm.
Types of Encryption Technology
There are several technologies, tools and techniques we will be discussing that fall under
the category of encryption.
Encryption algorithms fall into two broad categories; symmetric and asymmetric
encryption. Let’s first look at the components that make up a symmetric encryption
system or symmetric crypt.
Topic1 substitution transposition-techniques
This document discusses substitution and transposition encryption techniques. Substitution techniques replace plaintext characters with other characters, numbers, or symbols, changing character identity but not position. Transposition techniques rearrange the character positions in the plaintext, changing character position but not identity. Examples of substitution techniques include the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, Playfair cipher, and Vigenère cipher. Transposition techniques examples are the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher.
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This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the art of protecting information by encrypting it into an unreadable format called ciphertext that can only be decrypted by those with the secret key. The document discusses the different types of cryptography including symmetric key cryptography, asymmetric key cryptography, classical cryptography and modern cryptography. It explains how symmetric key cryptography works using a shared secret key for both encryption and decryption. The document also provides examples of different cipher techniques like substitution ciphers. It notes that the project will use symmetric key cryptography and explains some key cryptography concepts like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption and decryption. Finally, it discusses how Matlab will be used to simulate the cryptography process.
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Cryptography is the science of secure and hidden communication. It has two main components - encryption and authentication & integrity. Encryption involves hiding messages so that only the intended recipient can read them, while authentication & integrity ensures users are who they claim to be and messages are not altered. Popular symmetric encryption algorithms like DES and AES use the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric algorithms like RSA use different public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt. Cryptanalysis involves analyzing and attempting to break encryption methods.
Caesar cipher
Our team worked on a Cryptography project. Our project was designed to convert a normal message or text to private and secure cipher text to maintain confidentiality and security in both corporate and national security. Here the plain text is converted into cipher text through a web platform where the user submits the confidential plain text and get the cipher text for the corresponding plain text.
Symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography
The document discusses symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its objectives of confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation. It then explains the differences between symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems. Symmetric cryptosystems involve a shared key between sender and receiver, while asymmetric cryptosystems use public and private key pairs. Examples of traditional symmetric ciphers like simple substitution and transposition ciphers are provided. The document also outlines the RSA algorithm as an example of asymmetric cryptography and discusses some limitations of both symmetric and asymmetric approaches.
SYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHY
SYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHY
TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
Symmetric Cryptography
Symmetric encryption principles, Cryptography, Cryptanalysis, types of attacks on encryption messages, Feistel’s Cipher structure, block ciphers, Overview of DES, 3DES, AES, algorithms. Stream cipher structure, RC4 algorithm, Cipher block modes of operation, location of encryption devices, key distribution, Message Authentication, MAC, Secure hash and HMAC, SHA-1, MD5, applications of symmetric cryptography and hash functions.
Cryptography_additive_cipher.pptx
A brief explanation on additive cipher with a part of implementation (decryption) and some of the recent study on present status and challenges.
Cyber security
This document provides an overview of cryptography topics including:
- Introduction to cryptography, cryptanalysis, and cryptology. Cryptography involves encoding messages, cryptanalysis involves decoding without the key, and cryptology is the combination.
- Substitution techniques like the Caesar cipher which shifts letters and mono-alphabetic ciphers with random substitution.
- Transposition techniques like rail fence cipher which writes the text across multiple "rails" and columnar transposition which writes in rows and reads out columns.
- Symmetric cryptography uses the same key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric uses different keys.
"The Sorry State of SSL" Hynek Schlawack, PyConRu 2014
- Keeping TLS implementation out of Python is recommended if possible due to issues with Python's standard library TLS support. Using pyOpenSSL is suggested for HTTPS clients and Twisted is recommended for TLS servers.
- The document outlines many problems with TLS implementations in Python, on servers, and with users, including outdated software, lack of secure defaults, and ignorance of certificate warnings.
- There is hope that with increased awareness and efforts from projects like PyCA to improve the Python standard library, the "sorry state" of TLS in the Python ecosystem can be improved.
Cryptography using python
THESE SLIDES COVER THE BASIC CRYPTO ALGORITHMS . IT HELPS YOU UNDERSTAND THE MATH BEHIND IT.
THANK YOU!!!
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ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Message Hiding
- 2. CONTAINS: 1. Cryptography 2. Cryptanalysis 3. Cryptology 4. SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES 5. TRANSPOSITON TECHNIQUES
- 3. Readable text Cryptographic system Unreadable text It convert the Readable text in a Unreadable text.
- 4. Unreadable text Cryptology system Readable text It convert the Unreadable text in a Readable text.
- 5. It I the combination of Cryptography and Cryptanalysis
- 7. ENCRYPTION: Plain text ENCRYPT Cipher text Plain text is convert to the Cipher text.
- 8. DECRYPTION: Cipher text DENCRYPT Plain text Cipher text is convert to the Plain text.
- 10. SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES: CAESAR`S CIPHER VIGENERE CIPHER
- 11. CAESAR`S CHIPER:
- 13. CIPHER TEXT: OVBRGGMJWYOIWRURGM key Plain text C R I N G E F R I N G E F R I N G E M E T E A C H S O L I E R A M E A l
- 14. TRANSPOSITON TECHNIQUES: RAIL FENCE CIPHER COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION STEGANOGRAPHY
- 15. RAIL FENCE CIPHER: Plain text: COME HOME TOMORROW Cipher text: CMHMTMROOEOEOORW
- 16. COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION: KEYWORD: ZEBRAS MASSAGE: WE ARE DISCOVERED FLEE AT ONCE Z E B R A S 6 3 2 4 1 5
- 17. CIPHER TEXT: EVLN ACDT ESEA ROFO DEEC WIREE
- 18. STEGANOGRAPHY
- 20. CONCLUSION :- It is major achievement in computer engineering. It will allow perfectly secure messages ,secure discussion etc. between sender and receiver.